The main safety hazards of trimethylsilyl chloride (tmscl) in the lab are,
It could cause severe eye burns.
It is harmful if absorbed through the skin. It could cause severe burns.
It may be harmful if swallowed. Causes severe digestive tract burns.
It may be harmful if inhaled. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause dermatitis.
Trimethylsilyl chloride, commonly referred to as chlorotrimethylsilane, is a silyl halide (organosilicon chemical) with the formula (CH3)3SiCl. It is also referred to as Me3SiCl or TMSCl. It is a volatile, colorless liquid that is stable when there is no water present. It has many applications in organic chemistry.
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At a constant temperature, what is the new volume of a 5.0-L sample of oxygen gas
if the pressure
is changed from 0.50 atm to 0.25 atm?
Answer:
5.0 L
Explanation:
calculate the work associated with the expansion of a gas from 42.0 l to 79.0 l at a constant pressure of 13.0 atm.
The work associated with the expansion of a gas is 481 atm. L.
When a gas expands at constant pressure than for a small change in volume dv work done is dw = p dv.
The volume changes from u to v at constant pressure p, then the work done is:
dw = p (v - u)
When the work is done by the system against external pressure then dw = pdv
w = [tex]\int\limits^v_u {p} \, dv[/tex]
So by calculating we get:
dw = 13( 79 - 42)
= 13× 37
= 481 atm. L
Therefore we get the work done in 481 atm. L.
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5. What is the difference between an orbital, a
sublevel, and an energy level?
Energy levels are the fixed distances of electrons from the nucleus, sublevel is a level that is lower than another level whereas an orbital is the most likely location of an electron present around an atom.
What is orbital, sublevel, and energy level?The sublevels contain carry orbitals. Orbitals are spaces that have a high prospect of containing an electron. An orbital is an area or location where the electrons are present. There can be two electrons in one orbital extreme. Each energy level or shell is divided into many sublevels. Both sublevel and subshell are used interchangeably. The sublevels are constituted by the letters s, p, d, and f. Each energy level has certain sub-levels. Therefore, these circular orbits are called as energy levels or energy shells. The orbits of an atom act for the energy levels of the electrons in it.
So we can conclude that Orbitals and sublevels are both concepts used in chemistry to describe the energy states of electrons.
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What causes the Moon to be illuminated?
Answer:
The moon reflects the light from the sun
Explanation:
Answer:
it reflects light from the sun
Explanation:
Which statement below best describes why NASA crashed DART into an asteroid?
The statement that best describes why NASA crashed DART into an asteroid is option A; NASA wanted to know if crashing a satellite into an asteroid would be enough to change the course of the asteroid.
Why is NASA colliding a spaceship with an asteroid?Double Asteroid Redirection Test is the name of the first "planetary defense" test that the US space agency, in collaboration with researchers at Johns Hopkins University, carried out to determine whether it was possible to change the course of an asteroid in deep space if one ever got close enough to threaten Earth.
The 'planetary defense' experiment on the Dart mission seeks to determine whether Armageddon-style impacts can be avoided.
Therefore, The world's first planetary defense technology demonstration, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), successfully impacted its asteroid target on Monday after spending 10 months in space. This was the agency's first attempt to move an asteroid in orbit.
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if the balloon had a volume of 39000 l , how many kilograms of hydrogen were needed to fill the balloon at stp?
the amount of hydrogen required was about 0.582kg
why do we require STP?
STP: Standard temperature pressure
Consider a scenario in which a chemist in London is conducting an experiment in a lab. 12 °C and 1.015 bar are the average room temperatures and pressures in London. In Austin, where the average room temperature and pressure are 21 °C and 1.014 bar, respectively, the same experiment could yield very different results. This is due to the fact that temperature and pressure have an impact on a lot of scientific experiments, particularly chemistry experiments. We have therefore adopted some standard operating procedures to prevent these deviations and to ensure that laboratory experiments are conducted in a consistent manner worldwide. STP is one of those norms.
Vm=RT/P
=8.314x273.15/39000
=0.0582
so the balloon requires about 0.0582kg of hydrogen gas
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if you require 33.38 ml of 0.1936 m n a o h naoh solution to titrate 10.0 ml of h c 2 h 3 o 2 hcx2hx3ox2 solution, what is the molar concentration of acetic acid in the vinegar?
The molar concentration of acetic acid in vinegar is 64.62 M
Titration is known as the quantitative concentration of a given solution. It is also known as the quantitative analysis.
In the given condition we have 33.38ml of 0.1936 molar of NaoH solution to titrate 10ml of HC2H3O2.
Therefore,
HC2H3O2 + NaoH - H2O + NaC2H3O2
The concentration of the given base (NaoH) = 0.1936 molar.
The volume of the given bae = 33.38ml.
The volume of acetic acid = 10ml.
We can denote the concentration and volume of the given samples as,
Ca = concentration of acetic acid
Cb = concentration of the base( NaoH)
Va = volume of acetic acid
Vb = volume of base.
By putting the value in equation, we get
Ca x Va = Cb x Vb
since, we need to find Ca, we need to shift the Va to the right-hand side.
Therefore,
Ca = Cb x Vb/ Va
Substituting the values we get,
Ca= 0.1936 x 33.38/ 10
Ca = 64.62 M
Therefore, the molar concentration of acetic acid is 64.62M
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what is the volume inside a 0.250 l can of deodorant that starts at 25 c and 1.2 atm if the temperature is raised to 100 oc?
The volume inside a deodorant can is 0.199 L.
Charles’s law applies when a fixed amount of gas is in a container and the pressure is constant if the temperature increases the volume of gas also increases. The formula
[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
V1 = volume of gasses before the temperature risesT1 = temperature of gasses before the temperature rises (K)V2 = volume of gasses after the temperature risesT2 = temperature of gasses after the temperature rises (K)The temperature units have to be in Kelvin. Volume units can be anything as long as both volume has the same units.
When a container is heated, the gas in it will experience a temperature increase and the volume of the gas will expand. But the expansion will not exceed the contents of the container.
V2 = 0.250 LT1 = 25 °C + 273 = 298 Kp = 1.2 atm T2 =100 °C + 273 = 373 K[tex]\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{V_1}{298} = \frac{0.25}{373}[/tex]
V1 x 373 = 298 x 0.25
[tex]V_1 = \frac{74.5}{373}[/tex]
V1 = 0.199 L
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what volume in gas would be produced by the complete reaction of solid at stp according to the following reaction?remember mol of an ideal gas has a volume of lat stp.
3.648 liters of volume in gas would be produced by the complete reaction of solid at STP according to the reaction as 1 mole of an ideal gas has a volume of 22.4 L at STP.
How is the volume in gas calculated?The given reaction is
[tex]2 Al(s) + 6 HCl (aq)[/tex] = [tex]2AlCl[/tex]₃([tex]aq[/tex])[tex]+H[/tex]₂([tex]g[/tex])
1mole of ideal gas is 22.4L
Here we have to convert the mass of Al to moles.
We know, Number of moles = Mass/Molar mass
Mass of Al = 2.93 g
Molar mass of Al = 26.98 g
Therefore, No. of moles = 2.93 g/26.98 g = 0.108 moles
The molar ratio of Al to H₂ is 2:3
As, 2 moles of Al can produce 3 moles of H₂
Then, 0.108 moles of Al can produce
(0.108 × 3)/ 2
= 0.163 moles of H₂
Now by applying the Ideal Gases Law to calculate the volume that is been produced throughout the reaction at STP ,
The standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure is 1 atmosphere.
1 atm × V = 0.163 mol × 0.082L.atm(mol.K)⁻¹ × 273K
Hence,
V = (0.163 mol × 0.082 L.atm(mol.K)⁻¹ × 273K) / 1atm
V = 0.013366 × 273
Therefore, the Volume is 3.648 L
What is STP?In chemistry, STP stands for Standard Temperature and Pressure. STP is most commonly used when doing gas calculations. B. Gas Density. The standard temperature is 273 K (0° Celsius or 32° Fahrenheit) and the standard pressure is 1 atmosphere. This is the freezing point of pure water at atmospheric pressure at sea level.
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Can buffer happen with a strong acid and a salt?
The question: 0.2 HCl and 0.2 NaCl
A buffer can not be made from a strong acid and a salt.
What is a buffer?We know that the term buffer has to do with the type of solution that we use to prevent any kind of change in the acidity or the alkalinity of a solution. In order words, the buffer is the type of solution that is used to prevent a change in the pH of the system.
Unfortunately, there can not be a buffer that is made from a strong acid and a strong base. Rather we can only have a buffer that is made from a weak acid and its salt or a buffer that is made from a weak base and its salt.
Since HCl is a strong acid and NaCl is a salt of strong acid, it then follows that the combination of HCl and NaCl can never be used as a buffer.
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what happens to electrons to form an ionic bond?
Answer:
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What happens to electrons when an ionic bond forms?
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Solution
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It is the prior distribution of electrons that constitutes the electrostatic force of interaction..
Explanation:
Commonly, ions are formed by (i) the loss of electrons from metals... electron rich materials from the left of the Periodic Tables as we face the Table, whose valence electrons are furthest removed from the positively charged nuclear core... and (ii) the gain of electrons by non-metals to the right of the Periodic Table as we face it.
We could represent these processes by the reaction...
M→M
n+
+ne
−
oxidation
X+e
−
→X
−
reduction
We add the two redox processes together in such a way that the electrons are eliminated as virtual particles and we get a neutral salt... of a material and a non-metal that are held together by a strong electrostatic force of attraction...
M+nX→MX
n
And thus the electrons are formally redistributed to give positive and negative ions that combine to form NEUTRAL SALTS.
suppose a beaker of water is heated from the top. which is more likely to occur in the water: thermal energy transfer by conduction or convection?
Answer: convection
Explanation:
How many grams of water can be heated from 28.0°C to 74.5°C when 2.19 kJ of heat is absorbed?
Answer:
1.12 x 10⁻⁵ grams H₂O
Explanation:
To find the mass of water, you need to use the following equation:
Q = mcΔT
In this equation,
-----> Q = heat (J)
-----> m = mass (g)
-----> c = specific heat capacity (J/g°C)
-----> ΔT = T₂ - T₁ = change in temperature (°C)
"T₁" represents the initial temperature and "T₂" represents the final temperature. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.186 J/g°C. Before plugging the variables into the equation and solving for "m", you need to convert the energy from kilojoules (kJ) to joules (J).
1,000 kJ = 1 J
Q = 2.19 kJ / 1,000 = 0.00219 J c = 4.186 J/g°C
m = ? g ΔT = 74.5°C - 28.0°C = 46.5°C
Q = mcΔT <----- Given equation
0.00219 J = m(4.186 J/g°C)(46.5°C) <----- Insert variables
0.00219 J = m(194.649) <----- Multiply 4.186 and 46.5
1.12 x 10⁻⁵ = m <----- Divide both sides by 194.649
11.25 grams of water can be heated from 28.0°C to 74.5°C when 2.19 kJ of heat is absorbed.
What is Specific Heat?The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius.
It is a measure of how much energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance. It is the amount of heat necessary to raise one mass unit of that substance by one temperature unit.
It is given by the formula -
Q = mcΔT
where, Q = amount of heat
m = mass
c = specific heat
ΔT = Change in temperature
Given,
Amount of heat = 2.19kJ
Initial Temperature = 28
Final Temperature = 74.5
Q = mcΔT
2190 = m × 4.18 × ( 74.5 - 28 )
m = 11.25 g
Therefore, 11.25 grams of water can be heated from 28.0°C to 74.5°C when 2.19 kJ of heat is absorbed.
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after performing a tlc experiment, a researcher determines the rf value of a component to be 2. he also notes that the solvent travelled a distance of 4cm on the plate. what can you conclude about this experiment?
The conclusion would be that Rf value is wrong.
Rf value refers to the retention factor. It is used in Thin Layer Chromatography, which is the technique to identify molecules based on their polarity. The. rf value is the ratio of distance travelled by solute to the distance travelled by solvent.
Solute can not move faster than solvent, hence, the distance travelled is always less. This means that numerator will be less than denominator making it less than 1. In general, the rf value lies between 0 and 1. Therefore, there is something wrong in the experiment.
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heat is added to an ideal gas, and the gas expands in the process. is it possible for the temperature to remain constant in this situation?
If the work done by the expanding gas equals the heat added, despite the constant energy of the system of the gas, the temperature can stay constant.
What is considered a ideal gas?An ideal gas is one where there were no inter - molecular attraction forces and all collisions involving atoms and molecules are entirely elastic. It can be seen as a group of perfectly nearly spherical that collide but do not otherwise interact with one another.
Why does temperature affect an ideal gas?Temperature doesn't vary, but pressure and volume do. The energy content will not change throughout this procedure because there is no exchange of labor or heat with the environment. As a result, a perfect gas's internal energy depends solely on its temperature.
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A volume of 25cm3 of a carbonate solution of concentration 0.2mol dm-3 was neutralized by 20 cm3 of acid of concentration 0.5 mol dm-3. The mole ratio in which the reactants combine is?
1 mol of carbonate to 1 mol of acid
1 mol of carbonate to 2 mol of acid
2 mol carbonate to 1 mol of acid
3 mol of carbonate to 1 mol of acid
The correct mole ratio of the reaction is 1 mol of carbonate to 2 mol of acid. Option B
What is the mole ratio?We know that the ratio of the reactants that are involved in a reaction is what we call the mole ratio. We have to note that a neutralization reaction is the type of reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. We also have to recall that is vita to be able to write the balanced reaction equation before we can be able to find the mole ratio.
Now, we have the balanced reaction equation as;[tex]CO_{3} ^2-(aq) + 2H^+(aq) ----- > H2O(l) + CO2(g)[/tex]. The reaction is thus a 1:2 reaction for the carbonate and acid.
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explain what is happening at a molecular level during the dutch-process. b. rank the molecules from least likely to be present after the dutch process to most likely to be present after the dutch process. c. using the information above and your knowledge of acid-base chemistry provide an explanation for your rankings that addresses how you used structure to solve this problem. do not just quote pka values.
a) the Dutch process at the molecular level Pyrol and benzyl alcohol do not react with NaOH.
b) The molecules are ranked from those that are least likely to be present after the Dutch process to those that are most likely to be present after the Dutch procedure Pyrrol is more likely to be present than butyric acid, which has a lower likelihood of being there.
c) Butyric acid's carboxylic acid is removed using NaOH.
The acidic chemicals with a bitter taste are washed in the Dutch procedure using a strong base like NaOH. Basic substances are not cleansed and only very acidic substances are washed thoroughly. However, vanillin is only somewhat acidic, thiophenol is less acidic, butyric acid is acidic, benzyl alcohol is neutral, and pyrrol is basic.
a) Benzyl alcohol and pyrrol do not react with NaOH. However, butyric acid combines with it to produce sodium butyrate (CH₃CH₂CH₂COONa), vanillin creates its sodium salt ((2-OCH₃,4-CHO)C₆H₃ONa), and thiophenol creates sodium benzenethiolate (C₆H₅SNa).
b) Butyric acid is least likely to be present and pyrrol is most likely to be present. Butyric acid is followed in increasing order of presence by vanillin, thiophenol, benzyl alcohol, and pyrrole.
c). NaOH is used to wash away the carboxylic acid in butyric acid. Due to the aromatic ring, vanillin and thiophenol are acidic and combine with NaOH to generate a sodium salt that is water soluble. Because it is neutral and pyrrole is basic, neither benzyl alcohol nor pyrrole will react with NaOH.
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What is the frequency of a wave whose wavelength is 5.67 x 10^-7
The percent ionic character of a bond ______ with δen. An arbitrary value of ______ divides ionic from covalent bonding.
As we know that, bond polarity and the ionic character of any compound increases with raise in the difference of the electronegativity.
The percentage of ionic character of the bond increases with δen. An arbitrary value of 50% ionic character separates ionic from covalent bonding.
What does covalent bonding explain?
When two or more atoms share one or more pairs of electrons, a covalent bond is formed. These electrons are attracted to two neutrons and protons simultaneously. A covalent bond is formed when the difference between the electrical configurations of two atoms is too small for an electrochemical reaction to occur and ions to be produced.
What properties do covalent bonds have?
Bonds between atoms in covalent compounds share electrons. They have distinct physical properties, such as lower melting points and electrical conductivity than ionic compounds, due to the sharing of electrons.
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an organic chemistry student forgot to pre-weigh the erlenmeyer flask containing crude acetanilide from week one. what is the most accurate method for this student to obtain the mass of crude acetanilide?
The most accurate method of weighing for this student to obtain the mass of crude acetanilide without pre-weighing is by taking the difference between weights of the crude acetanilide with the flask and the empty flask.
What are some of the different ways of weighing compounds in laboratory?
Direct weighing: Set the weighing scale to zero and then place the vial on the scale and set to zero again. Then place the compound on in the vial to measure the mass.Weighing by difference: It is one of the most accurate methods to weigh. it involves repetitive weighing of the vial which contains the sample. The sample is transferred to another container to get the desired mass of the solid.The most accurate way of weighing the crude acetanilide without pre-weighing is to weigh the crude acetanilide with the Erlenmeyer flask and then empty it completely and weigh the empty flask again. Then calculate the difference to get the mass of crude acetanilide.
Therefore, the weighing by difference method can be used to measure the weight of the crude acetanilide.
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how to tell if the aqueous solutions of these salts have a ph greater than, less than, or equal to 7 at room temperature.
Strong bases and weak acids in salts do hydrolyze, raising the pH level over 7. The anion in salt comes from a weak anion.
What salts have pH values under 7?Ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) is a salt whose solution has a pH of less than 7. Since potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate are all basic in nature, they all have pH values higher than 7.It could be neutral salt, basic salt, or acidic salt. Strong acid and weak base combine to generate this kind of salt. They have a pH value that is below 7. No, not all salts have a pH of 7.0 in solution and are neutral. Since NH4Cl is an acidic salt with a strong acid and weak base, its pH will be lower than 7.The pH of pure water, which has these ion concentrations in balance, is 7. Since a pH value of 7 denotes a neutral solution, it is significant. This neutral point serves as the benchmark for all other chemicals.To learn more about pH values refer to
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Which of the following diagram shows a pure substance that is composed of only individual atoms and not molecules?
liquid water
(H₂O)
hydrogen gas
(H₂)
carbon dioxide gas
(CO₂)
argon gas
(Ar)
Answer:
Argon Gas
Explanation:
:)
Aa cup of coffee has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1. 0 × 10^−10 m. What is the ph of this coffee?.
Answer: 10
A cup of coffee has a hydroxide ion concentration of 1. 0 × 10−10 m. The pH of this coffee will be 10
pH = - log [H+]
= - log [1. 0 × ]
= - log 1 - ( -10 log 10 )
= 0 + 10 = 10
The pH of this coffee will be 10
Explanation:
what would be the molar concentration of a 2.35% solution of sodium hypochlorite? (assume the density of solution to be 1.0 g/ml.)
The solution has a 0.114 M molar concentration.
Using the formula, we can determine the molar concentration from the weight percentage of the solution;
CM = 10 C%w/w d/MM
Where;
Molar concentration is CM,percent concentration C%w/w,Density is d,M = molecular mass.
In place of values, we have;
CM = 10 × 0.85 × 1.0 /74.44
CM = 0.114 M
A solution is a specific kind of homogenous mixture made up of two or more components that is used in chemistry. A solute is a substance that has been dissolved in a solvent is solution , which is the other substance in the mixture.Concentration is calculated by dividing a constituent's abundance by the mixture's total volume. One can distinguish between four different sorts of mathematical descriptions: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration.
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Glacier striations (scrapings) were found in the deserts of Africa. What did Wegener suggest about these deserts long ago?
Wegener suggested that the deserts of Africa were once covered in ice and that the striations were formed by the movement of the ice across the desert floor.
Glacier striations are grooves or scratches in the bedrock that have been created by a glacier sliding over the surface. They are typically found in areas where the ice has melted away, revealing the bedrock beneath.
Wegener suggested that the deserts were once wetter and lusher. He proposed that the climate has gradually changed over time, making the deserts arider. This is supported by evidence of ancient riverbeds and lakes in the Sahara Desert.
Glacier striations can be used to help researchers learn about the history of a particular glacier and the climate in the area where it is located. For example, the direction of the striations can indicate the direction the glacier was moving and the depth of the striations can give clues about how deep the glacier was.
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Which equation represents sublimation?
1 Hg(2)→ Hg(s)
2 H₂O(s)→ H₂O(g)
3 NH3(g) → NH3( )
4 CH4(2)→ CH4(g)
The equation which represents sublimation in the given option is,
H2O(s) → H2O(g).
What is sublimation?
Sublimation is the process of the conversion of substance in solid state directly to gaseous state without going to the liquid state. An example for sublimation is dry ice which is also called as solid carbon dioxide. At ordinary temperature, dry ice gets converted from solid to gaseous form without going through the liquid state.
In sublimation process, the water is in the solid state which is getting converted into the gaseous state which is water vapor. In water, the snow or ice change directly to vapour from solid form.
Hence, water getting converted from solid state to gaseous state is the sublimation process. Here H2O (s) is getting converted into H2O (g). Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.
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standard light antarctic precipitation (slap) is a common reference material when making hydrogen isotope measurements. analysis of slap shows that it is 0.008917% 2h (mass 2.01410 amu) and the remainder is 1h (mass 1.00782 amu). what is the average mass of slap?
so we have to calculate the average mass of the SLAP
given,
percentage abundance of 2H= 0.008917%
mass of 2H= 2.01410 amu
mass of 1H= 1.00782 amu
now we calculate, the percentage abundance of 1H = 100% - 0.008917%
= 99.991%
the average mass of SLAP = percentage abundance of 1H x mass of 1H + percentage abundance of 2H x mass of 2H
= 99.991% x 1.00782 + 0.008917% x 2.01410
=(99.991x1.00782)/ 100 +( 0.008917)x2.01410/100
= 1.00773 + 0.000173
= 1.0079 amu
the average mass of SLAP is 1.0079 amu
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From each of the following ion concentrations in a solution, predict whether a precipitate will form in the solution. (Hint: Calculate Q and compare Q to Ksp)
a) [Ba2+] = 0.020 M, [F-] = 0.015 M Ksp= 1.0x10-6
BaF2(s) Ba2+(aq) + 2F-(aq)
b) [Pb2+] = 0.035 M, [Cl-] = 0.15M Ksp= 1.6x10-5
PbCl2(s) Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
If the ionic constant Q is greater than Ksp the solution forms precipitate if it is lower than the solubility constant Ksp then there will be no precipitate. Both of the given solutions forms precipitate.
What is ionic constant?The ionic constant Q of a solution is the product of molar concentrations of reactants. Solubility constant Ksp is the product of solubilities of the reactant ions when the reaction is in equilibrium.
For the first solution Q = 0.020 M × 0.015M = 0.003.
Ksp = 0.000001. Hence, Q is greater than Ksp which means the solution forms precipitate of BaF₂.
For the second solution Q = 0.035 M × 0.15 M =0.0025.
This is greater than Ksp = 1.6 × 10⁻⁵. Hence, this solution forms a precipitate of PbCl₂.
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How are radioisotopes used in radiation therapy for cancer?
A. to detect unusual cells
B. to strengthen normal cells
C. to kill fast-growing cells
Answer:
The liquid radiation targets cancerous cells while causing minimal damage to surrounding healthy cells.
. if you had a sample of pure polymer, what types of intermolecular forces (imfs) exist between the molecules? (mark all that apply, filling in the bubbles completely!)
Whether they are polar or nonpolar, all molecules exhibit dispersion forces. Atoms and molecules that are bigger and heavier show larger dispersion forces than those that are smaller and lighter.
Look for the molecule with the most polarity, the most electronegative atoms, or the most hydrogen bonding groups if the molecules have identical molar weights and similar intermolecular forces. That one will have the overall stronger IMFs.
Each pair of molecules is as identical as possible except for the fact that one is polar and the other is nonpolar. The polar substance always has the higher boiling point, which denotes stronger attraction forces, or stronger intermolecular forces, between individual molecules.
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