Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Every living organism needs a way to create energy and new cells, and to do that, they need something to direct that, which is where DNA and RNA come in. So therefore, all living things not only need, but have DNA and RNA.
It is that the living beings all are made up of both DNA and RNA. The correct answer is option A.
What is the full form of DNA and RNA ?It stands for deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
The genetic code of the universe is universal. That is like the all of the known kind of the living organisms just use same genetic code. It shows by nearly all of the organisms which share a common kind of evolutionary history. The present genetic code is just unambiguous. Each of the codon codes is just one amino acid .
A genetic code that is shared by the diverse organisms which helps to provide important kind of evidence for common origin of the life on the Earth. That is like many of the species on the Earth today are likely just evolved from the same ancestral organism in that the genetic code is already present.
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A four-year-old patient exhibits hemorrhagic colitis and is treated via intravenous rehydration. The pathogen is a gram-negative rod. It is isolated and differentiated from related organisms based on its ability to ferment lactose and its inability to ferment sorbitol. Which of the following is a likely diagnosis
The most likely diagnosis of Gastroenteritis based on the presence of organisms which can ferment lactose and its inability to ferment sorbitol is called enterohemorrhagic E. coli.
What is Enterohemorrhagic E. coli?This is referred to a type of pathogen which is a strain of E.coli and causes severe intestinal infection thereby damaging it and leading to bloody diarrhea being observed. Individuals can be infected through food sources such as raw or uncooked meat etc.
This organism mentioned above also has the ability to ferment lactose but not sorbitol and is usually treated using rehydration therapy and requires blood transfusion in sever cases.
This is therefore the reason why Enterohemorrhagic E. coli was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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What is the subunit composition of bacterial rna polymerase holoenzyme? what are the functional roles of the different subunits?
RNA polymerase holoenzyme sub-units includes α (two copies), β, β' and ω sub-units. which is sigma factor plus the core enzyme ,composed of five sub-units-a2BB'w.
The sub-unit of bacterial RNA polymerase has implicated in all steps of transcription initiation, which includes promoter recognition and opening, priming of RNA synthesis. RNA polymerase is essential units of life which is found in all living organisms as well as many viruses.
The role of sigma factor is to recognize the promoter sequence. Holoenzyme is consist of RNA synthesis from sigma 70 specific bacterial and phage promoters.RNA polymerase ,principle factor for initiation of transcription in bacteria , the sigma sub-unit of RNA polymerase to form holoenzyme capable of promoter recognition.
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Holding your breath while ascending can lead to: Select one: A rupture of the tiny air sacks in the lungs, known as alveoli. A lung overpressure (overexpansion) injury. Arterial gas embolism (AGE). All of the above.
Holding your breath while ascending can lead to all of the above options.
Surfacing excessively fast or holding the breathing while swimming to the surface can make the air in the lungs expand which is known as pneumonic barotrauma. This might break lung tissue, which can prompt gas bubbles to be delivered into the blood vessel dissemination (arterial gas embolism).
The air in the lungs becomes risky when an individual ascends. On the off chance that somebody holds their breath while rising to the surface, the lungs and the air inside them extend as the water pressure decreases. Since that air has no place to escape, it continues to expand against the walls of the lungs, no matter what the organ's capacity.
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What are the major mechanisms of epigenetic genome modification?
The major mechanisms of epigenetic genome modification are DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing.
DNA methylation is the process in which there is an addition of methyl groups to the DNA molecule. When there is the presence of methyl groups on a gene , it is turned off. Thus, no protein formation takes place from that gene.
Histone modification is the process in which histone proteins, can be modified by the addition or removal of methyl or acetyl groups. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, and histone proteins can be modified by the addition or removal of methyl or acetyl groups. Due to these modifications. it affects how tightly DNA is wrapped around histones and genes can be turned off and on.
Non -coding RNAs control gene expression by sequence specific interactions with regulatory regions.
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________ is a postexercise snack that has been shows to increase muscle glycogen stores and protein synthesis. a. Cheese b. Almonds c. Chocolate milk d. Bananas e. Whole-grain tortillas
The correct answer is Option c (Chocolate milk).
What is a good post-workout snack?When you work out, your muscles use their glycogen energy stores. Some of the muscle proteins also get damaged, especially during strength workouts. Therefore, after workout it is important to consume protein in combination with moderate carbohydrate.A diet rich in carbohydrates increases endurance performance because of the extra store of carbohydrates in the muscles and liver, called glycogen.Chocolate milk has everything you need after a workout—carbs, protein, fluids and electrolytes. Low-fat chocolate milk contains a combination of carbohydrates and protein which is just right for refueling weary muscles.Cottage cheese is an excellent source of both whey protein and casein protein which replenish muscles.Almonds provide protein, fiber and healthy fats.Bananas reduce inflammation and replenish muscle glycogen stores, ultimately promoting quicker recovery.Whole-grain tortillas provide fiber and protein.Learn more about post-exercise snacks here:
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Apply darwin’s four postulates to the galápagos finch case study to verify that natural selection has occurred.
Darwin's observed the Galapagos finches has graded series of break size and shape ,predicted that species were modified from one original mainland species.
He observes that beak shape varies among finch species that beak of an ancestral species had adapted over time to equip the finches to acquire different food sources. His main purpose for asking evolutionary questions about adaptation and the multiplication of species.
Finches beak shapes that corresponded to the main food source on that island, many branches of science are contributed in Darwin's theory of natural selection. This is important because isolated group of birds have evolved to match their niche diets and its a clue for Charles Darwin in his theory.
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Two species of finches found on the same galápagos island but feeding on different food sources is an example of ________ speciation.
Two species of finches found on the same galápagos island but feeding on different food sources is an example of sympatric speciation.
What is speciation?Speciation is the evolutionary process that leads to reproductive isolation and eventually to the emergence of new species.
Sympatric speciation refers to the emergence of reproductive barriers in individuals of the same species that inhabit the same region, whereas allopatric speciation occurs in individuals separated by geographic barriers.
In conclusion, two species of finches found on the same galápagos island but feeding on different food sources is an example of sympatric speciation.
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WWhat evidence was discovered by Vines and Matthews that supported Wegener's and Hess's theories?
A. A small gap along an undersea cliff that widened by 2 centimeters a year. The cliff was located on a suspected plate boundary.
B. Magnetic variations on either side of mid-ocean ridges that indicated the seafloor was spreading from that point.
C. Undersea volcanoes that produce new seafloor material from cooled magma.
D. All of thesehich changing system is responsible for the shapes and positions of the continents
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Vine and Matthews noticed there was a symmetrical pattern of magnetic stripes on either side of the mid ocean ridges. In addition when the basalts of the sea floor were dated, they were found to be the same age at similar distances away from the ridge on each side.
If you classify individuals by type of cerebral palsy, this variable would be considered.
Cerebral Palsy is often classified by severity level as mild, moderate, severe, or no CP.
What is cerebral palsy?A series of conditions known as cerebral palsy (CP) have an impact on a person's mobility, balance, and posture. The most typical motor impairment in children is cerebral palsy. Cerebral refers to something involving the brain. Palsy refers to muscle weakness or functional issues.
Main cause:Typically, a condition that interferes with a developing baby's brain in the womb results in cerebral palsy. These include periventricular leukomalacia, which is damage to the white matter of the brain, possibly as a result of a decreased blood or oxygen supply (PVL)Life expectancy of a person with cerebral palsy ranges from 30 years to 70 years.
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On your first research mission you make an amazing discovery by finding a new species living in the hostile environment of the sahara desert. after observing it carefully you determine that it is not an autotroph, it is multicellular, and it does not contain any chitin. what is the best classification for it? a. animalia b. eubacteria c. protista d. plantae
The best classification for this new species is Animalia.
According to the six kingdom classification given by Carl Woese, all organisms are divided into 6 kingdoms.
1) Archaebacteria
2) Eubacteria
3) Protista
4) Fungi
5) Plantae
6) Animalia
As the newly discovered species is a multicellular (made up of more than one cell) organism.
Then it can only belong to Kingdom Fungi, Plantae and Animalia as the rest of the kingdoms like Archaebacteria, Eubacteria and Protista consist of unicellular organisms that are made up of only one type of cell.
Now this species is not autotrophic ( i.e. an organism that can get its own nutrition by the use of light, water, carbon dioxide, or other substances).
It means it is heterotrophic which means it can't get nutrition on its own.
Out of the Fungi, Plantae and Animalia , only fungi and Animalia kingdoms consist of heterotrophic organisms.
Now this species also does not contain chitin which is an important characteristics of Fungi.
So only option left is Animalia.
Hence, the best classification for this new species is Animalia.
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There are 3 possible genotypes: NN, MN, or MM. In a group of 500 people, the frequency of genotype NN is 40%. How many individuals would you expect to have the MN genotype
235 are the Individual numbers that would expect to have the MN type of genotype.
There are two equations necessary according to Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium:-
p + q = 1
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
Let,
NN= p
NM=2pq
MM=q
So, according to the question, the frequency of genotype NN is 40%
40% of 500 = [tex]\frac{500*40}{100} = 200[/tex] Numbers of individuals
Frequency of individuals p = [tex]\frac{Numbers of individuals}{Total populations}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{200}{400} = 0.4[/tex]
Find p² by taking the square root of p.
√(p) = √(0.4)
= 0.632
So, pp + qq = 1
qq = 1 - pp = 1 - 0.63
q = 0.37
The allele frequencies in the population are known, now finding the frequency of heterozygous genotype.
By Multiplying 2 × p ×q to get heterozygous genotype
2pq = 2 × 0.63 × 0.37` = 0.47
2pq = 0.47
So, 2pq × total population = 0.47 × 500 = 235, NM genotype.
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Which number identifies the system that serves as the site of nutrient and waste exchange between cells and the interstitial fluid?
The site for exchange nutrients and waste in capillaries.
Exchange of Gases, Nutrients, and Waste Between Blood and Tissue by diffusion Occurs in the Capillaries. Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels — so small that a single red blood cell can barely fit through them. They help to connect your arteries and veins in addition to facilitating the exchange of certain elements between your blood and tissues.
Plasma and interstitial fluid are very similar because water, ions, and small solutes are continuously exchanged between them across the walls of capillaries, through pores and capillary clefts.
Capillary walls contain small pores that allow certain substances to pass into and out of the blood vessel.
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Mendel crossed homozygous tall and short plants. The law of segregation dictates that each sperm of the tall plant randomly passes
down one allele for height and the eggs of each short plant also pass down one allele for height to the F1 generation seed. Predict the F1
generation genotype.
O If the homozygous tall plant (TT) crosses with a heterozygous short plant (Tt), then all the F1 plants become heterozygous tall plants (Tt).
O If the heterozygous tall plant (TT) crosses with a heterozygous short plant (Tt), then all the F1 plants become heterozygous tall plants (Tt).
O If the heterozygous tall plant (Tt) crosses with a homozygous short plant (tt), then all the F1 plants become heterozygous tall plants (Tt).
O If the homozygous tall plant (TT) crosses with a homozygous short plant (tt), then all the F1 plants become heterozygous tall plants (Tt).
Answer:
D.) If the homozygous tall plant (TT) crosses with a homozygous short plant (tt), then all the F1 plants become heterozygous tall plants (Tt).
Explanation:
Homozygous indicates that the alleles in the genotype are the same. Therefore, the genotype for homozygous tall plants is (TT) and the genotype for homozygous short plants is (tt).
After performing a cross, we know that all of the children will have the heterozygous genotype (Tt).
Answer:
I hope this helps.
Explanation:
Which biomolecules are responsible for the brilliant coloring of anoxygenic phototrophs (e.g., some are bright orange, pink, or red)
carotenoids biomolecules are responsible for colouring anoxygenic autotrophs.
what are autotrophs ?
A primary producer, also referred as an autotroph, is an organism that uses energy from light or inorganic chemical reactions to create complex organic compounds from simple ones.
what do you mean by anoxygenic ?
anoxygenic means, when photosynthetic takes place without oxygen.
what are biomolecules ?
A chemical substance that is present in life forms is termed as biomolecule. The building blocks of life, biomolecules play critical role in all life forms.
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Define transpiration.
NOTE: The answer needs to be atleast 3 lines long not less than that
Answer:
Transpiration is a type of evaporation. This type of evaporation only happens with plants. The water leaving the plant is excess water that the plant doesn't need.
Explanation:
Which of the following is not a con of solar power?
Select one:
a.
It contributes to global warming.
b.
It requires expensive technology.
c.
It is not available at night.
d.
It is not available when it is cloudy.
It contributes to global warming is not a con of solar power because this type of power does not produce pollution.
What is the disadvantage of solar power?One of the big disadvantages of solar power is that it requires high initial cost of installation because it is an expensive technology. Requires sunny weather to work best which means that it does not work at night. It has low energy conversion rate. Solar panels are fixed at to one location and we can not move it easily from one place to another.
So we can conclude that It contributes to global warming is not a con of solar power because this type of power does not produce pollution.
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We used the enzyme, taq polymerase, which is derived from the thermus aquaticus bacterium, in our pcr procedure. Why is this enzyme important for efficiency in pcr?.
The use of a thermophilic DNA polymerase such as Taq polymerase prevents the denaturation of the enzyme during the heating that is important to separate the newly synthesized strand. So using this enzyme simplifies the PCR technique and increases its efficiency.
Taq DNA polymerase is highly efficient, when it reaches the optimum temperature, it becomes fully functional. It also has a half-life of over two hours (at 92°C), high amplification capacity, and it can add upto 150 nucleotides per second. It is "special" enzyme because it comes from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus, which lives in hot springs. It is therefore thermostable even at high temperatures, while other polymerases (e.g. E. coli) are not.
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Which reason is least likely to contribute to the transmission of adenovirus?
The presence of a vector is least likely to contribute to the transmission of adenovirus.
Adenoviruses belong to the family of Adenoviridae. These viruses are of medium size, ranging in 90-100 nm, they do not have an outer layer of lipid. Thus, these viruses are non- enveloped with an icosahedral nucleocapsid and have a double stranded DNA genome.
Adenoviruses can cause many types of illness in humans, which can range from mild respiratory infections in small children to multi-organ diseases in people who have a weak immune system.
The adenoviruses can spread when there is contact with droplets from the nose and throat of a person who is infected. It can also be spread by touching any surface that has the virus and then touching one's own eyes, mouth, or nose.
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Cyclophosphamide and thiotepa are examples of:
Answer:
ALKYLATING AGENTS
Explanation:
Examples of alkylating agents include chlorambucil, cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, and busulfan.
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Many studies have model the niches of species, however, most fail to describe the specific niches being modeled
Hutchinson's definition from 1957 is the finest one that can be found. An n-dimensional hypervolume known as an ecological niche is where a species can sustain a livable population. The tolerance boundaries must be understood in order to comprehend this. These are the constraints that place limits on the organism. For instance, if the outside temperature exceeds 55 °C, a dog will perish. Therefore, 55 °C is one temperature that a dog can tolerance limits for temprature in the dog is therefore 55°C.
specific niches ?
Systematics, ecology, conservation, public health, and other fields are increasingly using ecological niche modeling, or the assessment of the dimensions of a species' basic ecological niche, to forecast its worldwide spread. This method frequently (necessarily) relies on data that consists solely of presence records. Numerous modeling techniques have been developed in recent years to estimate these connected representations of a species' ecology, distributional biology, and evolutionary history. Despite this, many of these techniques lack a formal foundation in ecological and evolutionary theory. In this article, we lay forth a formal foundation for the collection of methods known as "ecological niche modeling," examine some real-world examples of how they can be applied, and explain how the results should be interpreted.
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If menarche does not appear by age 16, or if the normal uterine cycle of an adult woman is disrupted for six months or more, the condition is called_____________.
Answer:
The condition is known as amenorrhea.
What fine-tuned sensory receptors detect differences in tension generated by active muscle rather than muscle length
golgi tendon organs fine-tuned sensory receptors detect differences in tension generated by active muscle rather than muscle length.
Gamma motor neurons fire to regain sensitivity, causing the spindle to contract, becoming taut and regaining the ability to transmit muscle length. There are two groups of motor neurons. Extrafusal fibers, the rapidly contracting fibers that give the muscle its power, are innervated by alpha motor neurons.What is golgi tendon organs?
The Golgi tendon organ, which is located close to the point where a tendon joins a muscle, is a sensory ending that resembles a tree and is encased in a spindle-shaped connective tissue capsule. In a male, one tendon organ is attached to 10 to 20 muscle fibers. An endpoint of a typical tendon organ in limb muscles is roughly 0.5 mm long.Learn more about golgi tendon organs
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This kinesiologist was one of the first to contribute to the field of exercise physiology with his Nobel Prize-winning work on metabolism. Group of answer choices Thomas Cureton D.B. Dill Kenneth Cooper A.V. Hill
A.V. Hill was the first kinesiologist to contribute to the field of exercise physiology with his Nobel Prize-winning work on metabolism.
Understanding the impact of activity or exercise includes concentrating on unambiguous changes in muscles, cardiovascular, and neurohumoral frameworks that lead to changes in practical limit and strength because of aerobic exercise or strength. To work, our muscles need energy, which is delivered by chemical and hormonal cycles. During the 1910s Archibald Hill framed these cycles by investigating muscles from frogs. Contrary to the predominant view that mechanical development and chemical cycles were equal arrangements, Hill had the option to appear through estimations of intensity created by the mechanical cycles that these were postponed corresponding to the movement. The chemical succession comprises a work stage, which isn't reliant upon oxygen supply, and a recuperation stage when oxygen is required.
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Think about an academic subject (biology) that inspires you. describe how you have furthered this interest inside and/or outside of the classroom.
Answer:
Biology is the study of Living organisms whereby they are clustered into distribution , origin , behavior , anatomy their physiology and morphology.
Biology as a subject has changed my views and conspiracies about the existence of organisms in their ecosystem .Its like from biology you get to know the meaning of life in details right from the origin to death of the organism .
As a human being I have realized much on how biology helps even beyond the class , since I have learnt the reason why each organism belongs to a certain habitat and specific niche of the ecosystem , I have learnt to respect and conserve such organisms as they deserve to exist in that habitat , and their is an interdependency whether direct or indirect .
Also with the knowledge I have acquired on anatomy and the physiology of organisms , I can do a first aid to an individual who has suffered outdoor pass outs or injuries to reduce the impact of the situation before he or she reaches the hospital .
I believe biology has impacted a very important part of my life and I look forward to take further studies in this field to broaden my knowledge even more .
What factors influence a region’s photosynthetic productivity? sunlight and depth nutrients and sunlight temperature and density salinity and sunlight
Nutrients and sunlight affect a region's photosynthetic productivity.
What do you understand by photosynthetic productivity?
The rate during which energy is added to organisms as biomass (the quantity of material that makes up animals' bodies) in producers in an ecosystem is known as photosynthetic productivity, also referred to as primary productivity.
These organisms that make energy through photosynthetic processes rely on getting access to nutrients and sunlight. Photosynthetic organisms' output and efficiency can be gauged. This is known to as photosynthetic productivity (or primary productivity), and it is directly effected by the sunlight and nutrients that producers require.
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A scientist is using a karyotype to investigate a mutation in an organism. Which type of mutation would a karyotype best help to discover
Nondisjunction mutation is the type of mutation that would a karyotype best help to discover when a scientist is using a karyotype to investigate a mutation in an organism.
An individual's entire set of chromosomes is known as their karyotype.
This can also be used to describe a lab-made representation of a person's chromosomes split from one cell and arranged in numerical order.
A karyotype can be used to check for chromosomal numbers or structural problems.
The missegregation of a homologous pair of chromosomes during meiosis is known as nondisjunction.
A new cell with an excessive amount of genetic material is created as a result. This kind of chromosomal mutation leads to a multitude of clinical problems.
An important example is Down's syndrome.
Trisomy of autosomes, or chromosome 21, is the cause of Down's syndrome.
Only one percent of instances had mosaicism along with Down's syndrome.
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Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is?
Dorsiflexion is the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot.
What is Dorsiflexion ?Dorsiflexion is the backward bending and contracting of your hand or foot. This is the extension of your foot at the ankle and your hand at the wrist.
You can also dorsiflex your fingers and toes, though usually the term is referring to your wrist or ankle.Dorsiflexion is where the toes are brought closer to the shin. This decreases the angle between the dorsum of the foot and the leg.For example, when walking on the heels the ankle is described as being in dorsiflexion.
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Cholera toxin locks the Gs subunit into an active state, in that GTP is bound and cannot be hydrolyzed back to GDP to turn off the subunit. What effect will cholera toxin have in the cell
Cholera toxin locks the G-subunit into an active state, in that GTP is bound and cannot be hydrolyzed back to GDP to turn off the subunit. This leads to a subsequent activation and increase in adenylate cyclase inside the cell. This increases the level of cAMP which leads to cytolysis of the cell.
The cholera toxin is released from a bacteria known as vibrio cholera. This bacteria is gram-negative and releases this toxin into the body which leads to manifestations like vomiting, increased heartbeat, watery diarrhea, cramps in the muscles and a low blood pressure. When this toxin is released into the body. The toxin activates adenylate cyclase and increases its level. This in turn increases the level of cAMP. This initiates a signaling cascade which effects the osmotic pressure of the cell. This leads to subsequent cytolysis of the cell.
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An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background is: Aplastic anemia Pernicious anemia Sickle cell anemia Thalassemia 15.
An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background is thalassemia.
What is anemia and how it causes?Anemia is a condition where there are either too few red blood cells or too little hemoglobin in them.Iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, aplastic anemia, and hemo- lytic anemia are the three types of anemia.The immune system targeting the stem cells in your bone marrow is the most frequent cause of aplastic anemia. Radiation and chemotherapy treatments are two more variables that might harm bone marrow and alter blood cell formation.Aplastic anemia that runs in the family is transmitted genetically from father to offspring. Compared to acquired aplastic anemia, it is typically diagnosed in childhood and is significantly less frequent.
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What feature would easily distinguish schist and gneiss from quartzite and marble?
Foliation is much better developed in most schists and gneiss than in most quartzites and marbles.
The major contrast between schist and gneiss is that schist is made of mudstone or shale, whereas gneiss is made of micas, chlorite, or other platy minerals. While Marble and quartzite the major difference is that marble is composed of calcite whereas quartzite is composed of quartz.
Schist is identified by its flat and large sheet-like grains it also has flat and elongated minerals such as talc or micas. Gneiss is a metamorphic rock formed by changing schist, granite, or volcanic rocks through intense heat and pressure. Gneiss is foliated, which means that it has layers of lighter and darker minerals.
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