The mandible is raised during digestion and swallowing thanks to the Trigeminal Nerve's stimulation of the masseter muscles.
What causes a swallowing problem?a disease that affects your neurological system, such as dementia, multiple sclerosis, head injuries, or stroke. cancer, such as oesophageal or mouth cancer. Stomach reflux disease (GORD) is characterized by oesophageal reflux of stomach acid.
How do you fix swallowing problems?Consider taking shorter, more frequent meals. Eat less slowly, thoroughly digest your meal, then cut it into small pieces. There really are similar products that thickening drinks if you have problems swallowing liquids. experimenting with different food textures to find which ones make you feel more uncomfortable.
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what provides the most common indicator of activation of the short-term energy system? group of answer choices oxygen depletion significantly increased performance blood lactate level muscle fiber twitching
Oxygen depletion is the most typical sign of stimulation of the short-term power system.
Oxygen depletion is the decline in the amount of dissolved oxygen in water, primarily as a result of pollution (countable and immeasurable, plural oxygen depletions). The main reason for low oxygen in the water (DO) is phosphorus-induced excessive algal development. Another ingredient that can aid in the development of algae is nitrogen. Dissolved oxygen is used up during the decomposition and death of the algae. You may suffer headache, disorientation, or restlessness when your bloodstream oxygen level drops below a specific point. Anemia is one of the typical causes of hypoxemia. ARDS (Acute respiratory syndrome) . Giddiness, mental disorientation, loss of judgment, lack of cohesion, weakness, nausea, fainting, and loss of consciousness are some of the side effects of low oxygen concentrations.
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Temperature, humidity, light and atmospheric pressure are
Answer:
Abiotic components of nature
Explanation:
Aboutic means those who cant breathe or move or are not alive
What macromolecule does the human body use
as its primary energy SOURCE?
A. carbohydrates
B. nucleic acids
C. DNA
D. RNA
Answer:
A
Explanation:
true or false: the evolution of more diverse prey phenotypes should increase potential niche diversity for predators.
True, The evolution of more diverse prey phenotypes should increase potential niche diversity for predators.
Evolution is a change inside the heritable traits of organic populations over successive generations. These traits are the expressions of genes which are handed on from determine to offspring in the course of replica.
There are exquisite examples of this in the area of medicine. To live one step in advance of pathogenic sicknesses, researchers ought to recognize the evolutionary styles of disease-inflicting organisms.
The oldest recognised fossils are approximately 3.5 billion years antique, however a few scientists have located chemical evidence suggesting that life may additionally have started even in advance, nearly four billion years ago.
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a scientist proposed that the 32p label was entering pe molecules by direct exchange (swapping phosphate groups with those found in solution) and not through synthesis of new pe by bacterial cells. what experimental modification can show this is not the case?
The experimental modification that can show this is not the case, is by measure the rate of incorporation of 32PO43- into a cellular PE since bacterial synthesis and phosphate exchange should have different rates.
What are bacteria?
Microscopic, single-celled organisms called bacteria exist. Bacteria are found almost everywhere in the globe.
Some species can survive in environments with high pressure and temperatures. In fact, it's thought that there are more bacterial cells within the body than there are human cells.
Staphylococcus aureus, Pesudomonas maltophilia, Thiobacillus novellus, streptococcus pyrogens, streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Clostridium kluyveri are a few examples.
Therefore, The experimental modification that can show this is not the case, is by measure the rate of incorporation of 32PO43- into a cellular PE since bacterial synthesis and phosphate exchange should have different rates.
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The diagram below shows organisms in a food web.
The organisms labeled A are MOST likely
carnivores.
decomposers.
herbivores.
producers.
Answer:
i think its decomposer's but there all on pointing towards a so i think decomposers are the best choice
have a good day!
Explanation:
loss of which combinations of proteins would likely promote hedgehog pathway activation? i. ptch1 and sufu ii. hedgehog and ptch1 iii. smo and gli iv. ptch1 and smo v. sufu and gli
hedgehog and ptch1 protein loss would likely promote hedgehog pathway activation .
Hedgehog signaling pathway transmits information to embryonic cells required for proper cell differentiation. Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is a major regulator of many fundamental processes in vertebrate embryonic development including stem cell.
Hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that directs the development of embryonic cells in animals, from invertebrates to vertebrates. PTCH1 gene provides instructions for producing the patched-1 protein, which functions as a receptor these receptor works for the cell development and function .
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how could decomposers be added to the diagram which parts of the food web do they effect
Decomposers forms the final link in the food chain. They break down dead animals and plants and return vital nutrients to the soil.
Decomposers consume dead items, including wood and leaf litter from dead plants, animal corpses, and human waste. They are Earth's cleanup staff, and they do a great job. Dead leaves, dead insects, and dead animals would accumulate everywhere if decomposers weren't present. Just picture how the world might appear!
More importantly, decomposers enable the primary producers of an ecosystem, typically plants and algae, to access essential nutrients. Complex organic materials are broken down by decomposers into simpler compounds that contain calcium, nitrogen, and phosphorus as well as water and carbon dioxide. These are all things that plants require in order to grow.
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erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an: a. autosomal dominant hereditary disease. b. allergic disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. c. alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. d. autoimmune disease in immature nucleated cells that are released into the bloodstream
Erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible.
Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN), additionally referred to as alloimmune HDFN or erythroblastosis fetalis, is resulting from the destruction of crimson blood cells (RBCs) of the neonate or fetus through maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies.
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mutation rate and mutation frequency match the description with either mutation frequency or mutation rate. 1. likelihood a gene is altered by a new mutation. (click to select) 2. number of new mutations in a given gene per cell generation. (click to select) 3. number of mutant genes divided by total number of genes within a population. (click to select) 4. affected by natural selection and genetic drift.
1. Likelihood a gene is altered by a new mutation. (mutation rate)
2. Number of new mutations in a given gene per cell generation. (mutation rate)
3. Number of mutant genes divided by total number of genes within a population. (mutation frequency)
4. Affected by natural selection and genetic drift. (mutation frequency)
What is the difference between mutation rate аnd mutation frequency?The mutаtion rаte is the number of mutаtions per cell division. Becаuse the cell populаtion is so lаrge, the number of cell divisions is аpproximаtely equаl to the number of cells in the populаtion (N). The vаlue of h cаn be determined by а fluctuаtion test.
The mutаtation frequency is simply the rаtio of mutаnts / totаl cells in the populаtion. This cаn be determined by simply plаting out аliquots of а culture аnd counting the number of mutаnts thаt аrise аnd the number of cells plаted. The mutаtion frequency is much eаsier to meаsure but mаy show lаrge fluctuаtions depending upon when the first mutаtion аppeаred in the populаtion.
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A bird species that lives in an environment with constant climate and food resources is most likely to show an evolutionary pattern of.
A bird species that lives in an environment with constant climate and food resources is most likely to show an evolutionary pattern of gradual speciation.
In the field of biology, gradual speciation can be described as the evolutionary process by which changes in a species occur in small steps over a long period of time.
A bird species that have a constant food supply and a constant climate does not need to adapt to any changes in the environment as its requirements are constant. Such species will not change rapidly due to natural selection. Any change in these bird species will be a gradual one occurring over a long period of time.
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why does crossing over complicate the picture of how many chromosomes are inherited from each grandparent
Due to genetic variety brought on by meiosis
In meiosis I, crossover takes place during prophase I. It entails the exchange of genes across homologous non-sister chromatids, enabling the admixture of latest , recombinant chromosomes containing both mother and paternal genetic material.
What about chromosomes?Long segments of DNA are carried by chromosomes, which are organelles which can be found in the nucleus of cells.The substance that houses genes is known as DNA.It is the foundation for the human body.Additionally, proteins found in chromosomes aid within the acceptable structure of DNA.The term "autosomes" refers to the first 22 pairs of chromosomes.The sex chromosomes, which structure the 23rd pair of chromosomes, determine whether a private will be born male or female.The highest level of DNA and protein organization is seen in chromosomes.Chromosomes' primary job is to carry DNA and pass genetic material from one generation to the next.Cell division involves the critical function of chromosomes.They guard against tangles and damage to the DNA.Another kind of aneuploidy is monosomy, which is the loss of one chromosome in cells.Greek is that the language of number one and monosomy refers to a condition during which cells contain only one copy of a certain chromosome rather than the usual two.Turner syndrome sometimes mentioned as monosomy X could also be a disorder brought on by monosomy.There are billions of cells in your body, but they're too small to watch without a powerful microscope.Chromosomes, which are strands that resemble threads and carry hundreds or even thousands of genes, are found inside the majority of those cells.Physical characteristics a bit like the color of your eyes are determined by genes.Learn more about chromosomes here:
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a change in the dna sequence of a gene is called a(n) , which can result in a change in the phenotype.
An alteration to a gene's DNA sequence that is permanent is known as a gene variation.
An illustration of a gene variant is?Different gene forms, often known as alleles, are the outcome of genetic variation. One allele of the eye color gene, for instance, is present in people with blue eyes, but a different allele is present in persons with brown eyes.
What does phenotypic transformation entail?3,4,33 In phenotypic switching, a cell or organism can change from one phenotype to another or two cells or organisms might exhibit different phenotypes despite sharing the same genotype.
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a reduction in the amount of nadp available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in which of the following effects? group of answer choices a decrease in the rate of cyclic electron flow a decrease in the rate of linear electron flow an increase in the rate of the calvin cycle an increase in the rate of oxygen production
Option a is correct that is reduction in the amount of NADP available in plant cells in the light will ultimately result in decrease in rate of cyclic electron flow.
In cyclic electron flow (CEF), photosystem I is the area where electrons are recycled. A transthylakoid proton gradient (pH) is produced as a result, which causes the generation of ATP without a corresponding increase in NADPH within the chloroplast.
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what inorganic gas has been shown to act as a second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscles of blood vessels?
Using the theories of inorganic gases, we got nitrous oxide(NO) is the inorganic gas which has been shown to act as second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscle of blood vessels.
The access of contaminated air from outside is main source of inorganic gases in the interior spaces. Other sources are use of ultraviolet light technology.
The Ozone in the troposphere acts as an ultraviolet ray filter. However, on earth’s surface or inside spaces, it works as an air pollutant.
Higher concentrations of the ozone appear when there are higher solar radiation and the emissions of volatile organic compounds. Thus, the volatile organic compounds are capable of reaction and producing photochemical oxidants that impel the creation of ozone.
Hence, the inorganic gas which has been shown to act as second messenger that relaxes the smooth muscles of blood vessels is Nitrous oxide(NO).
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which movement of the head and neck would lengthen the fibers of the levator scapula on the right side of the body?
Rotation to the left of the head and neck would lengthen the fibers of the levator scapula on the right side of the body.
The Levator Scapulae, an Axio-Appendicular muscle in the posterior triangle of the neck, attaches the upper limb to the spinal column. The sternocleidomastoid and trapezius protect the superior and inferior sides of the levator scapulae, respectively.
The levator scapulae raise the scapula and rotate it down to tilt the glenoid cavity inferiorly. If the scapula is stationary, levator scapulae contractions cause the cervical vertebral column to lateral flex to the side, stabilizing the vertebral column during rotation.
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B cells have antigen receptors that bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells. T cells have antigen receptors that.
T cells have antigen receptors that c. bind to antigen fragments presented on major histocompatibility complexes by host cells.
The major histocompatibility complex forms a set of cell surface proteins that are essential in providing immunity to the cells.
Unlike the B cells that can directly make antibodies against the antigens, the T cells are involved in such a immune response in which the foreign particles have to be presented to them in order for them to attack them.
These foreign particles are presented to the T cells through the cell surface proteins that make the major histocompatibility complex. The T cells are important for providing adaptive immunity to the body of a person.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
B cells have antigen receptors that bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells. T cells have antigen receptors that
a. are active only in lymph nodes
b. bind to antigens that are either freely dissolved or present on the surface of invading/foreign cells
c. bind to antigen fragments presented on major histocompatibility complexes by host cells
d. bind only to freely dissolved antigens in the plasma
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The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as __________.
The spread of cancer cells to other locations in the body is known as Metastasis.
Metastasis is the condition were cancer breaks away from the place of their origin they travel from blood and lymph were they form new tumor cells .
The cancer that separate from one part of the body to other is Metastasis cancer. They are also known as stage IV of cancer were it become highly contagious and spread with very fast pace. This metastasis of cancer brings most lethal consequences to the disease may considered as the last stage of disease .
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which recently discovered species is providing a glimpse into the poorly understood period of hominoid evolution?
The extinct species of the genus Homo, Homo floresiensis, offered an insight into the time of hominoid evolution.
The crown ape's predecessor may have been a frugivorous, suspensory, tropical forest ape based on similarities to hominins. It is believed that Pan and the gorilla shared an ancestor. As a result, it is likely that the chimpanzees and humans shared a Pan-like progenitor that lived in Late Miocene Africa.
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Determine the energy of 1.20 mol of photons for each of the following kinds of light. (assume three significant figures.)
The energy content of infrared radiation is 12.4 * 1020 J.
What does the term "photon" actually mean?In physics, a photons is a package of electrical radiation. It is the basic building block of all light. The photon is frequently referred to as a "quantum" of electromagnetic energy. Particles really aren't thought to also be made of smaller atoms. They are fundamental elements of nature, or elemental particles.
Do photons exist in light?The constituent parts of light are photons, bundles of the magnetic wave that carry a specific amount of energy. With sensitive enough tests, you can quantify photons or even measure a single photon. Researchers have frozen even light.
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insertion of additional repeats in repetitive segments of dna often is a result of what? translation errors replication slippage chromosome rearrangements transformation transcription slippage
The insertion of additional repeats in a repeating DNA segment is often the result of slippage.
What is slippage?Slippage is a mutation process that occurs during DNA replication which involves denaturation and displacement of DNA strands and will result in complementary base pair errors. A slip event usually occurs when a repeating nucleotide sequence (tandem repeat) is found at the site of replication. Tandem repeats are unstable regions of the genome where nucleotide insertions and deletions occur frequently, leading to genome rearrangements.
Slippage is found in both coding and non-coding regions. If these repeats are found in the coding region then variations in the polynucleotide sequence may result in the formation of abnormal proteins in eukaryotes. Many human diseases have been reported to be associated with trinucleotide repeated expansion including Huntington's disease
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4) How did Jim Curran's team at CDC react to the "new" disease that eventually came to be known as HIV/AIDS? How did their reaction compare or contrast to that of the NIH?
Anyone with HIV was avoided by everyone. The CDC’s reaction to the outbreak was as it should’ve been. And Dr. Jim, with the resources available to him, managed the situation in the best way he could.
What is HIV?
Also known as the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, making the person prone to more infections and diseases. It spreads through contact by bodily fluids of HIV infected person.
If untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The human body cannot fight HIV and no known effective cure exists as of today. So once HIV is contracted, it stays for life.
AIDS is the last stage of HIV, where the immune system is badly damaged.
Since it is a contagious disease, everyone avoided anyone with HIV. The CDC handled it in the best way possible, as did Dr. Jim.
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a given signal needs to be sent to many different cells at many different locations throughout a multicellular organism. the type of signal best suited for this task is:
A hormone is the type of signal best suited for this task whenever a given signal needs to be sent to many different cells at many different locations throughout a multicellular organism.
By attaching to receptors on target cells, hormones differs cellular functions. A target cell's number of receptors may rise or fall in response to hormone action. Through intracellular or plasma membrane hormone receptors, hormones can directly or indirectly impact cells. A receptor can respond when a hormone or many hormones are present, which starts a cascade of signaling.
The hormone receptor interacts with several molecules to cause a range of changes, including an up-or down-regulation of nutrition sources, growth, and other metabolic processes. The steroid hormones activate cell signaling pathways that control certain genes in the DNA of the cell. By boosting or lowering the production of mRNA molecules, the hormone and receptor complex function as transcription regulators.
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I really need help with this.
Which axis indirectly shows the relative amount of dna per cell? by what relationship?.
The x-axis indirectly shows the relative amount of DNA per cell. As the DNA was stained, there is a relationship between fluorescence and DNA content.
The x-axis does not show the relative amount of DNA per cell directly. It can be seen through a special type of graph known as a histogram. If we look at it, peaks and dips can be seen as similar to fluorescence.
This indirectly shows the relative amount of DNA per cell. This confirms the relationship between the fluorescence and the relative amount of DNA in the cell.
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Choose the words that complete the sentence correctly.
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of
Choose...
during the process of
Choose...
.
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of nondisjunction during the process of meiosis.
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a cell division process by which organisms having a sexual mode or reproduction generate gametes that fuse during the process of fertilization, which involves chromosome separation.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that meiosis is associated with chromosome separation to generate haploid cells, thereby non-disjunction generates unbalanced gametes.
Complete question:
Gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes may form as a result of ... frameshift mutations crossing over point mutations nondisjunction during the process of ... meiosis translation transcription mitosis
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Relate How can the increased
demand on water affect water
quality
As more Organisms need water, The only clean source of water becomes scarce and finished, leaving only few clean pure sources of water, but much impure sources of water
explain how the sympathetic-adrenomedullary (sam) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (hpa) axis are implicated in the physiological response to stress.
Sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM) axis, secretes noradrenaline and norepinephrine and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, secretes glucocorticoids during stress.
SAM (Sympathetic-adreno-medullar) axis activation occurs in just a seconds as a result of a stressor and generate a adaptive respond towards stressor. The HPA axis is a slower response system involving release of corticosteroids .
Corticosteroids are corticotropin releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol, Which suppress the immune system . Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a major role in the stress response by regulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.
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a substance or part of a substance (living or nonliving) that is recognized as foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products is a/an:
A substance or part of a substance that is recognized foreign by the immune system, activates the immune system, and reacts with immune cells or their products is antigen.
What are antigens?Any substance that the immune system can recognize and that can stimulate an immune response are called antigens. B lymphocytes are white blood cells that generate antibodies specific to the antigen that stimulated their production.
Antigen is a substance that is capable of stimulating an immune response, hence activating lymphocytes that are the body's infection-fighting white blood cells. Two main divisions of antigens that are recognized are: foreign antigens and autoantigens.
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the six projections from the gray matter seen in cross-sections of the spinal cord are called .
The six projections gray matter in the cross-section of the spinal cord is called horn.
The spinal cord is a collection of nerve fibers surrounded by bones, discs, cartilage, ligaments and muscles to protect it from injury and shock due to body movements. When the spinal medulla is cut horizontally, the structure of the spine will be seen in two parts, the gray colored part (subtansia grsea) and the white colored part (subtansia alba).
Gray matter (subtansia grisea) is shaped like a butterfly on the spine. This part includes nerve cells (neurons) and glial cells and also has four 'wings' called horns. The two front horns are called ventral horns and the two rear horns are called dorsal horns. The dorsal and ventral horns are connected to the skeletal muscles. Then there is the lateral horn which works on the autonomic nervous system.
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