What is the purpose of spindle fibers during mitosis?
Answer: Separate the Sister Chromatids
Explanation: Spindle Fibers are on either end of the cell pulling the chromosomes apart during Anaphase
a medical researcher is trying to develop a diagnostic technique for a disease which is characterized by the misexpression of a large number of unrelated genes. what would be the most appropriate technique?
The most suitable technique to study mis-expression of large number of unrelated genes would be 'Microarray'.
A microarray is a technique used to simultaneously measure the expression of thousands of genes. A known DNA sequence or gene is contained in each of the thousands of small dots that are printed on microscope slides in certain locations.
These slides are called DNA microarrays/gene chips. To detect gene expression, also referred to as the transcriptome or the collection of messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts expressed by a group of genes, the DNA molecules linked to each slide serve as probes and detection is done.
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plasma membranes are selectively permeable. this means that question 3 options: anything can pass into or out of a cell as long as the membrane is intact and the cell is healthy. the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others. glucose cannot enter the cell. plasma membranes must be very thick.
The correct option is plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.
The cell membrane's selective permeability is its capacity to distinguish between various types of molecules, permitting some to pass while preventing others. This selective quality is somewhat influenced by the inherent membrane diffusion rates of certain compounds.
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How is it possible for cancer to spread from one location to another? In this case,
the cancer spread from the breast tissue to the lymph nodes.
Answer:
Cancer cells break away from where they first formed, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form new tumors in other parts of the body. This process is called Metastasis
Explanation:
hope this helps
A basketball player broke their arm after falling down during a play. As a result, their bone cells begin mitosis. The cells in the arm before the injury each had 46 chromosomes. After the bone has been repaired, how many chromosomes would you expect to find in the newly divided bone cells?
Since the cells of the broken arm had undergone mitosis, therefore the newly divided cells will also have 46 chromosomes.
Mitosis is the equational division. It is the process of cell division where the number of chromosomes remains the same even after cell division. There are 4 phases in mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Almost all the cells of the body except the germ cells undergo mitosis.
Chromosomes are the compactly packaged structures that contain the genetic material. They comprise of DNA and histone proteins. This form of packaging is the one in which the genetic material gets transferred from parents to their offspring.
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a heterozygous brown rabbit is crossed with a homozygous white rabbit. what percentage of the offspring would be white?
50 % percentage of the offspring would be white This is a test cross,
A test cross is , a cross between heterozygous individual is crossed with homozygous recessive trait.
Taken,
heterozygous rabbit - Bb ( brown)
homozygous rabbit - bb ( white )
when we cross the heterozygous brown rabbit with homozygous white,
Bb X bb - PARENTS
the gametes are - B b b b
offspring - Bb Bb bb bb
The results are 50 % heterozygous brown ( Bb) and 50% white (bb)
therefore, 50 % percentage of the offspring would be white.
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mrsa in humans is an example of selection. a. directional b. diversifying c. guided d. stabilizing e. uniform
MRSA is an example of directional selection in humans.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, also known as MRSA, is a kind of bacteria that can be potentially dangerous since it is resistant to some antibiotics and can cause skin infections and other types. Any S strain could be it. aureus that has acquired multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics through horizontal gene transfer or directional selection.
Direct contact with an infected individual, touching surfaces or objects contaminated with the bacterium or exchanging personal things like infected towels or razors are all ways that MRSA is disseminated. Because so many people have weakened immune systems, it is therefore spreading quickly and directly throughout the healthcare industry.
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1. how fast was the population of america growing and what were the sources of its population growth?
The population of America is growing very fast. Increasing immigration and high fertility were both contributing to America's population growth. The birth rate, death rate, and migration are the three variables that affect population change.
Cities arose as a result of the enormous workforces needed by industrial companies and the necessity for housing for both the employees' families and themselves. Millions of immigrants came to the United States in search of employment and a better life in factories and cities.
Death rates have dropped as a result of technology, medicine, and diet. Rapid population growth is the term used to describe the aggressive population growth brought on by higher birth rates and lower mortality rates. The availability of food, water, energy, and trustworthy medical care, as well as industrialisation, are other causes.
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Which representation would show the organization of life from simplest to the most complex?
Heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system.
Circulatory system, heart tissue, heart cells.
Circulatory system, heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue.
Heart muscle tissue, circulatory system, heart muscle cells.
Answer:
Heart muscle cells, heart muscle tissue, heart, circulatory system.
Explanation:
I took the test
red-green color blindness is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele. a colorblind man marries a woman with normal vision whose father was color-blind. what is the probability that they will have a color-blind daughter?
Of all the girls, we have a 50% chance that they be color-blind. Of all the child, there is a 50% chance of having normal vision.
What is the probability that both carrier parents of sickle cell anemia will have a color-blind daughter?A marriage between a colorblind man and a normal woman produces all carrier daughters who are carrier and normal sons. If male is colorblind and the mother is normal then there is 50% chance to produce the colorblind disease.
Males only have 1 X chromosome from their mother and if that X chromosome has the gene for red-green color blindness then they will have red-green color blindness. Females have 2 X chromosomes in which one is from their mother and one from their father.
Genetic red-green color blindness affects males more than females because the genes for the red and green color receptors are located on the X chromosome that males have only one and females have two.
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What is the solution to the problem expressed to the correct number of significant figures?
The solution to the arithmetic problem shown in the image to the correct number of significant figures would be 1.69.
Rules guiding significant figuresThere are certain rules guiding the use of significant figures when performing arithmetic operations. This is usually with respect to the final answers of operations.
When performing multiplication or division operations, the significant figures of the final answer would be the significant figures of the participating number with the least significant figures.In this case, the operation is a division operation. The number with the least significant figure has 3 significant figures. Note that zeros after decimals are usually significant.
Thus, the final answer would have 3 significant figures as well.
12.0/7.11 = 1.69 to 3 significant figures.
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The formula v2 = gstartfraction m subscript central baseline over r endfraction is very useful for astronomers because it does not require them to know t. what does t stand for? orbital period tangential speed satellite radius
Using the concepts of Gravitation, we got that T stands for orbital period.
Orbital period is actually the time a certain astronomical object such as planets takes to complete one orbit (360° revolution) around the another object such as sun or stars. Orbital period is expressed in many units of time, usually in years, days or hours.
The gravitational force is that which attracts any two objects with mass. We basically call this force attractive because it always tries to pull masses together, but it never pushes them apart from each other. In fact, every object, including we, is pulling on every other object in this entire universe! This is simply nothing but known as Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation.
Hence, in the formula v2 = gstartfraction m subscript central baseline over r endfraction is very useful for astronomers, then in that case T stands for orbital period.
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Meiosis is important because it keeps the number of chromosomes constant within a species. True or false?.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Meiosis halves the number of chromosomes, so out gametes are haploid. During fertilization, the zygote ends up with the "original" number od chromosomes.
how does a homozygous round seed plant differ from a heterozygous round seed plant in the f2 generation?
A homozygous round seed in the f2 generation has the same pair of alleles and a heterozygous one has two different alleles.
Humans have two sets of Chromosomes. Allelic pairs are categorized using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous individuals are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygote refers to a particular organism with different alleles (Rr).
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What is the effect of a nucleotide-pair substitution that results in a nonsense mutation in a gene?.
An additional kind of substitution is a nonsense variation. The changed DNA sequence, however, results in a stop signal that prematurely tells the cell to stop producing proteins, as to creating change in amino acid.
Where is DNA located in a human?Every cell in the body has DNA inside its nucleus. Its components are carefully packaged inside structures called chromosomes. Most individuals have 46 pairs of chromosomes, or 23 pairs each pair.
What is DNA made of?What is DNA composed of? Nucleotides are the chemical units that make up DNA. Three components make up these building blocks: a phosphate group, a sugar group, and one of four different nitrogen bases. Chains of nucleotides with alternating sugar phosphate groups are linked to form a strand of DNA.
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what energy system is primarily utilized in an 300 meter run that is completed in 35 seconds? select one: a. oxidative b. immediate phosphagen c. anaerobic glycolyosis
The correct answer is anaerobic glycolysis.
Anaerobic glycolysis is the process by which glucose is converted to lactate when oxygen is limited.
Anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective energy generation method during brief, intensive activity, producing energy for 10 seconds to 2 minutes. Cells that are unable to generate enough energy through oxidative phosphorylation use anaerobic glycolysis as a substitute. Glycolysis generates 2 ATP in tissues with low oxygen levels by diverting pyruvate away from mitochondria and using the lactate dehydrogenase process. Anaerobic glycolysis provides for the more rapid synthesis of ATP in rapidly contracting skeletal muscle cells, where energy demand exceeds that which can be provided by oxidative phosphorylation alone. (Oxidative phosphorylation is around 100 times slower than glycolysis.) Pyruvate cannot undergo oxidative phosphorylation, regardless of oxygen levels, in cells that have no mitochondria at all.
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you are a cat breeder who suspects that the genes controlling paw color and fur length are linked, with white paws and short fur being dominant. to test this, you have developed a pure-breeding line of white pawed, short fur cats, and another pure-breeding line of dark pawed, long fur cats. what cross should you do to test whether the genes are linked?
Cross the two pure-breeding lines together to form a dihybrid individual. Then test cross this individual to the dark pawed, long fur cat.
Animal breeding is a branch of animal science that addresses the assessment of the genetic fee of cattle. Choosing for breeding animals with superior EBV in growth price, egg, meat, milk, or wool manufacturing, or with different acceptable developments has revolutionized cattle manufacturing all through the entire global.
Animal breeding performs an vital part in progressing animal production systems, from traditional to organics. By means of improving the skills of animals for certain tendencies whole populations may be better, creating blessings for farmers, customers, and the surroundings.
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in a population of 100 individuals, we have 25 people that are homozygous aa, 50 people that are heterozygous aa, and 25 people that are homozygous aa. how many a alleles are in the homozygous aa group? assuming that the population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, match the frequency of the homozygous aa genotype to the appropriate part of the hardy-weinberg equilibrium equation.
The frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa to the relevant part of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation is 2pq.
If there is a population of 100 individuals and we have a cross between two heterozygous individuals i.e. Aa × Aa A aA AA Aaa Aa
aawe, we see that the proportion of offspring is: AA = 1/4
which corresponds to 25% of Aa = 2/4
which corresponds to 50% of aa = 1/4
which equals 25% Now,
in solving the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium There are two equations.
p + q = 1p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where: p² exists as the frequency of an individual with a homozygous dominant genotype (AA) = 25%2 pq as the frequency of an individual with a heterozygous genotype
(Aa) = 50%q² exists as the frequency of an individual with a homozygous recessive genotype(aa) = 25%So the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa to the relevant part of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation is 2pq.
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which species are representatives of the green algae? multiple choice chlamydomonas, volvox, and coralline coralline algae, volvox, and spirogyra diatoms, volvox, and spirogyra chlamydomonas, volvox, and spirogyra diatoms, chlamydomonas, and volvox
The representatives of the green algae are Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Spirogyra
What is algae?
Algae are members of a paraphyletic group that set them apart from other types of life by being eukaryotic, watery, and photosynthetic. They cover a broad spectrum of creatures, from single cells through colonies to multicellular organisms.
What is green algae?
A kind of algae known as green algae are distinguished by their greenish color. The presence of a lot of chlorophylls a and b in the plastids of green algae is what gives them their greenish hue and allows them to photosynthesize. The ratios of these pigments are identical to those seen in vascular plants.
Therefore, Chlamydomonas, Volvox, and Spirogyra are the members belong to green algae.
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HELPPPPPPPPP (IMAGE INCLUDED)
Answer:
There are 3 oxygen atoms on the product side and 3 oxygen atoms on the reactants side.
Explanation:
On the reactant side the Oxygen atom has a subscript (the little number) of 3 but because it has NO coefficient than there is 3 atoms present.
On the product side the first Oxygen atom is by itself no subscript and no coefficient so there is only one but then the second Oxygen atom has a subscript of 2 but no coefficient so there is only 2 so in total there are 3 atoms on the product side.
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what is the main function of transcription factors? group of answer choices they compose the spliceosome which facilitates mrna splicing to facilitate binding of rna polymerase to the promoter to break the hydrogen bonds in dna and allow rna nucleotides to pair to facilitate the termination of the mrna transcript
Option B. to facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter is the main function of transcription factors.
Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. Transcription factors consist of an extensive variety of proteins, apart from RNA polymerase, that provokes and adjust the transcription of genes.
The overall transcription element complex TFIID plays a key role in the initiation of transcription in eukaryotic cells. It capabilities through binding a component protein, TBP, to the 'TATA box' series upstream of the beginning of transcription.
The spliceosome splices out the non-coding introns from the number one mRNA transcript and stitches the exons again together into the mature mRNA transcript.
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if a mutation occurs on a segment of dna that codes for an enzyme, what is most likely to happen to the enzyme?
Answer:
it'll denature or reshape the enzyme
(remember enzymes are shaped specifically)
dna polymerase iii catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to existing rna or dna strands. true or false
The statement is true as DNA polymerase III catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to existing DNA or RNA template strands.
DNA replication, also known as DNA synthesis, involves the enzyme DNA polymerase.
The complementary base pairing rule, which states that adenine binds to thymine and cytosine binds to guanine, is used by the DNA polymerase enzyme to catalyze the addition of nucleotides from the parental DNA strand (template strand) to the complementary strand. Utilizing the ATP-provided energy, the enzyme forms the strand in the 5' to 3' direction by binding the new nucleotide at the 3' OH group.
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juan studies for his biology class each day. he generally reviews material covered previously as well as the new material. he does this instead of cramming the night before the test and finds he has better retention and does better on the exams. which technique is juan using?
Juan is using Ebbinghaus' retention curve technique.
The reduction in memory retention over time is predicted by the forgetting curve, also known as Ebbinghaus' retention curve. This curve illustrates how information deteriorates over time when no effort is made to keep it. The strength of memory is a related idea that describes how long memory traces last in the brain. It demonstrates how learnt knowledge gradually fades from our minds unless we take steps to keep it there. For instance, if your company has 10 customers at the beginning of the year and loses two of them, your retention rate is 80%.
Three different methods—recall, recognition, and relearning—are used by researchers to gauge forgetting and retention.
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even though fibroadenomas are a benign tumor of the breast, they are hormonally responsive. what does this mean?
The exact cause of a fibroadenoma is unknown. It is assumed that it happens as a result of increased oestrogen sensitivity.
A fibroadenoma is typically felt as a smooth, moveable lump in the breast that is felt to be present. Although fibroadenomas are typically painless, they can occasionally feel tender or even painful, especially right before a period. lobules (milk-producing glands) and ducts make up the breasts. These have glandular, fibrous, and fatty tissue covering them. This tissue determines the size and shape of the breasts.
A lobule is the source of fibroadenomas. A substantial lump is created by the glandular tissue and ducts growing over the lobule.
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Organisms in a lake can survive long, cold winters because ice forms a layer of insulation at the top of the lake. What characteristic of water makes this possible?.
Because of the insulation provided by the ice that forms on the lake's surface and the fact that frozen water expands and becomes less dense, organisms in lakes can withstand long, cold winters.
What are an example and an organism?A living creature that has an organized structure, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, develop, adapt, and preserve homeostasis is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism.
What kind of organism is the best example?Organisms are unique forms of life. For instance, every tree in a forest is a living thing. The terms "microorganisms" are often used to refer to single-celled prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
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Because they lack well-defined and complex organ systems, we hypothesize that _____ diverged from all other animals early in the evolution of animals.
Because they lack well-defined and complex organ systems, we hypothesize that poriferans diverged from all other animals early in the evolution of animals.
The most primitive animal group, the Porifera, has an early branch on the animal phylogenetic tree, making it likely that it is Precambrian in origin. Sponge is a common name for poriferans. An early branching event in the development of animals separated the sponges and other metazoans from one another. This can be one reason why they lack a well-defined and complex organ system.
Because they lack mouths, poriferans suck water through tiny holes in their external walls. Spicules, the hard support structure of these creatures, were historically one of the primary distinguishing characteristics of sponges.
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Why does the process shown in the diagram only occur in plants and certain bacteria and protists?
This process only occur in plants and certain bacteria and protists because plants have chloroplasts with pigment that absorbs sunlight, while humans do not. So the correct option is C. plants have chloroplasts with pigment that absorbs sunlight, while humans do not.
What are chloroplasts?Chloroplasts are organelles found in plants, bacteria and protists which are responsible for photosynthesis. This process will convert light energy into chemical energy such as chlorophyll.
After forming chlorophyll, it absorbs light to be able to carry out photosynthesis and to be able to form ATP and reducing molecules such as NADPH to be able to give energy to the cell to form organic molecules to be able to feed.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is C. plants have chloroplasts with pigment that absorbs sunlight, while humans do not.
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ceratosaurs, such as carnotaurus, evolved a much shorter and wider skull than most theropod dinosaurs. what advantage would this have given them during hunting?
Large theropod dinosaurs belonging to the genus Carnotaurus lived in South America between approximately 72 and 69.9 (nice) million years ago. Carnotaurus sastrei is the sole species present.
What makes Carnotaurus so well-liked?Carnotaurus has gained a lot of notoriety due to its prominent part in the Disney animated picture Dinosaur, yet the creature portrayed in the movie is bigger than the genuine Carnotaurus.
The fastest dinosaur was it Carnotaurus?Palaeontologists know that Carnotaurus possessed scales on its back and that, according to research on its tail muscles, it was probably one of the fastest theropods. Despite only being known from one specimen, Carnotaurus is remarkably well preserved.
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what type of unauthenticated connection is considered to be a significant vulnerability of netbios systems?
The type of unauthenticated connection that is considered to be a significant vulnerability of NetBIOS systems is the NULL sessions.
A NULL session is an unauthenticated connection that occurs when someone logs in to a system without a username or password. Depending on the OS, his type is considered a significant vulnerability in the CIFS or SMB. It's because once a hacker has made a NetBIOS connection using a NULL session, they can get a list of all users and informations on that system, from usernames, passwords, groups, permissions, services, and more. It can even be used for performing DOS attacks and escalating privileges.
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