A twitch occurs when one muscle fiber contracts in response to a command stimulus by the nervous system.
The time interval between the activation of a motor neuron and contraction of muscle is called the lag phase. In the duration of lag phase an action potential travels to the end of motor neuron .
This action potential release of acetylcholine and depolarization of the motor end plate. Muscle twitch has three phase latent period, a contraction phase, and a relaxation phase. A classified muscle response allows alteration in muscle tension. Twitches and spasms can be warning signs which shows the nerves that control your muscles.
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by what means do amoebas and slime molds move?by what means do amoebas and slime molds move?ciliaflagellapseudopodiaamoebas and slimes do not move; they are anchored to the substrate.
Moving slime molds and amoebas Slime molds, which share phenotypic characteristics with both fungus and protozoa, produce spores but move by gliding like amoebas.
The slime mold moves in what manner?A plasmodium is a multinucleate protoplasmic mass that forms when amoeba-like cells fuse together. Since the fungus is in its "creeping" stage at this point, slime molds will creep or flow across a variety of surfaces if enough water is available. They move several feet in a day and creep at a fairly quick rate.
What are the similarities between an amoeba and a slime mold?Slime mold is not a type of animal or plant. Despite occasionally looking like one, it is not a fungus. In reality, slime mold is a type of soil-dwelling amoeba, a single, mindless cell that frequently has multiple nuclei.
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Which characteristic was not advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact?.
(A) "Large body size" is the characteristic that was not advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact.
At first, having a large body was a disadvantage. Large animals have a high feeding need and a sluggish rate of reproduction. Larger animals eventually took control of the landscape, much as dinosaurs had done millions of years before. Large bodies are detrimental to organisms since they need less food and room to exist, which increases their viability.
Option B is false since living underground boosts survival odds and reduces predation. Option C is inaccurate since spores enable organisms to survive inclement weather. Option D is false since living near rivers and marshes offers access to shelter, food, and water.
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Question correction:
Which characteristic was NOT advantageous for organisms in the million years after the catastrophic asteroid impact?
A. Large body size
B. Dwelling underground
C. Self-contained spores
D. Dwelling in swamps or rivers
A scientist discovered a new organism. she found that the cells have membrane-bound organelles, an irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. what type of organism did she most likely discover?
A scientist discovered a new organism and found that cells have membrane-bound organelles, irregular shape, and increase in size by dividing. Type of organism that she most likely discovered is : animal cells.
What is an animal cell?Animal cells lack rigidity, therefore they have round and irregular shapes whereas cell wall of plant is made of cellulose that gives plant cells rigidity and a fixed rectangular shape.
Animal cells are type of the eukaryotic cell that enclosed by a plasma membrane and having a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles. Animal cells do not have a cell wall, unlike eukaryotic cells of plants and fungi,
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Which allele will be expressed when both
a dominant and recessive allele are
present in an organism?
A. dominant only
B. recessive only
C. the two alleles will mix
Answer:
A. Dominant only
Explanation:
A dominant allele needs to be present in only one gene (so in the gene Qq, only Q would be present)
However, in order for a recessive allele to be present, it needs to have two genes (so in the gene qq, the recessive gene would be present)
Shira observes that the shape of cell a appears normal, while cell b appears swollen and cell c is shrunken. The apparent shrinking of cell c indicates the reaction of the cell to what?.
The apparent shrinking of cell c indicates the reaction of the cell to hypertonic solution.
A cell will lose volume if it is submerged in a hypertonic solution because there will be a net flow of water out of the cell. If a solution's solute concentration is greater than that of the cell and the solutes are unable to permeate the membrane, the solution will be hypertonic to the cell.
Thus, in hypertonic solution the cell will shrink and shape of cell will be deformed.
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a student working in a lab that studies rats was asked to genetically modify a rat that could tolerate dehydration using one of two methods: change the amount of vasopressin that the rat produces (increase or decrease) or change the amount of aldosterone that the rat produces (increase or decrease). what method would you choose and why? draw a feedback loop which shows how your genetic modification would be an advantage (
The approach that can be taken is to boost vasopressin production. This is due to the fact that too much vasopressin will cause urine to absorb more water.
How does aldosterone promote the reabsorption of water?By attaching to the MR, moving to the nucleus, and boosting the transcription of sodium channels and transporters, aldosterone promotes sodium transport and, inadvertently, encourages water reabsorption in the renal distal tubule.
What causes an increase in aldosterone?When the adrenal glands release too much aldosterone, hyperaldosteronism results. The adrenal glands themselves are the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism. The adrenal gland's noncancerous (benign) tumour is the most common cause of case.
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determine whether each of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom corresponds to absorption or emission of energy.
Energy is released when an electron moves from a higher state of energy higher energy. On the other hand, energy is absorbed when an electron moves from one energy level to another.
Describe absorption and provide an example.The process of one substance entering the volume or mass of another material is Absorption. Instead of being forced by the liquid or gas, the solid absorbs it.
What kinds of absorption are there?The process of absorption can be either physical or chemical: The rate of diffusion that takes place at the gas-liquid interface and the price at which a gas disperses into the liquid are both factors in the liquid – liquid of a gas or portion of a compressed gasses inside a liquid solvent.
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which statement(s) about the composition of biological membranes is(are) false? check all that apply.
Every intracellular membrane of a specific eukaryotic cell type (such as a hepatocyte) contains essentially the same combination of lipids and proteins.
What sort of cell might be considered eukaryotic?Eukaryotic cells are distinguished by their membrane-enclosed organelles and organized nucleus. Plants, animals, fungus, and protists are a few examples of eukaryotic cells. Their genetic material is organized by chromosomes.
How do eukaryotic cells appear?In eukaryotic cells, endoplasmic reticulum and other membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria are present. Protozoa, fungi, plants, and mammals are among the species that make up the group of eukaryotic cells. They are real cells since they include a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack the level of complexity that eukaryotic cells do.
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Which sentence supports the statement that complex , multicellular organisms are made up of specialized cells that each perform different functions for the body
Answer:
the sentence is cell differentiation
in winter, some birds stand on frozen ponds and lakes. how do they prevent their feet from freezing while simultaneously preventing excessive heat loss?
Through the process of countercurrent heat exchange in their legs, they keep their feet from freezing while maintaining a temperature above zero.
An entire foot needs a lot of energy to stay warm. These birds, however, let the foot get close to freezing. Birds use a countercurrent heat exchange system, and blood is still given to the foot. The warm arteries transmit heat to the chilly veins. Heat is maintained in the core very well by this countercurrent heat exchange system. The foot doesn't freeze because of periodic surges in blood flow that allow a small amount of heat to enter.
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If a human cell has more or less than the correct number of chromosomes, what is a likely result? Select all that apply.
a
It can cause mutations in the DNA of the human.
b
It can result in lower human diversity.
c
It can cause the human's DNA to replicate.
d
It can cause cell cloning in humans.
e
It can result in humans not being able to reproduce
If a human cell has more or less than the correct number of chromosomes then it will lead to mutations. Option a is correct.
What is the number of chromosomes ?The human genome is made up to use 23 pairs of chromosomes that is 46 chromosomes in all. Out of these 22 are autosomes and 1 pair is sex chromosomes.
DNA is required to function properly at the pair of 23 chromosomes only. Various mutations leading to diseases takes place if abnormality occurs.
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What does a nucleotide consist of?
Answer:
A molecule consisting of a nitrogen-containing base ( adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA ).
Explanation:
Answer: A nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate group.
Explanation:
which of the following is not the name for a major class of receptors? group of answer choices channel-linked receptors voltage-gated receptors enzyme-linked receptors g-protein coupled receptors intracellular receptors
The name which does not belong to the group of major classes of receptors is: voltage-gated receptors.
Receptors are the molecules present on the cell membrane or inside any cell that receive any signal by binding to another substance called ligand. They further transmit the signal to accomplish some target inside the cell. The receptors act as molecular switches that can turn the signaling on or off.
Voltage-gated are the channels present on the cell membrane and not receptors. The function of ligand gated channels is to mediate the transport of ions through them. They act depending upon the membrane potential of the cell.
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how does iodine staining effect the life process of the cell
Answer:
As a biological stain, iodine is useful for studying plant cells because it stains starch blue-black and in animal tissue, it can help in the demonstration of nuclei and cell membranes
What is the process that causes harmful materials to seep into the ground and move through rock and soil and contaminate ground water?.
The process that causes harmful materials to seep into the ground and move through rock and soil and contaminate ground water is through precipitation and lead to groundwater contamination.
When man-made substances like chemicals, oil, road salts, and gasoline contaminate groundwater, they render it hazardous and unfit for human consumption. The soil can allow substances from the surface of the land to pass through it and end up in the groundwater.
Groundwater quality can be impacted by industrial discharges, urban activities, agriculture, groundwater pumping, and waste disposal. Human activity can cause contaminants, such as through harmful chemical spills or leaking fuel tanks.
Poor drinking water quality, a lack of water supply, deteriorated surface water systems, expensive cleanup expenses, high prices for alternative water supplies, and/or significant health issues can all result from ground water contamination.
Thus, through percolation of these hazardous components the ground water gets contaminated.
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The scientific study of how organisms relate to one another and their surroundings is known as what?.
The study of organisms and their relationships to their surroundings is called ecology. The interaction of living creatures with their environments is the subject of ecological research.
What are some instances of ecology?An ecosystem ecologist might, for instance, gain knowledge about how beaver dams effect water flow in a forest ecosystem and how it affects the survival or aquatic species or the dispersion of silt. A coral ecologist may research the effects of variations in water temperature on coral survival.
What purpose does ecology serve?Ecology is crucial to human welfare and wealth and improves our earth. It provides new insight into how interdependence between people and nature is crucial for maintaining biodiversity in the face of climate change, providing enough food, and preserving clean air and clean water.
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describe how quorum sensing and two-component regulatory systems allow cells to adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions.
Bacteria may regulate their gene expression in response to their population density through quorum sensing (QS) regulation.
Although their production level can also be altered by the environment, the bacteria create signaling molecules that build up during particular phases of development.
Bacteria employ the generation and detection of extracellular substances known as autoinducers, a kind of cell-cell communication known as quorum sensing, to track the density of their population of cells. Quorum sensing enables bacteria to coordinate their collective gene expression and operate as a single unit.
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Is water wet? If not, explain?
Answer: yes
Explanation:
because its water
16. Which of the statements below is true about
binomial nomenclature?
a) It is a two-word naming system that is used for
naming species
b) It is a system of giving names to bacteria
c) It is an organelle of a cell
one of the largest cypress trees in florida has a tree trunk with a diameter of about 3.5 meters. what is the source of most of the carbon in the cypress tree's trunk?
The majority of the carbon in the cypress tree's trunk was absorbed by the tree when it ingested carbon dioxide molecules from the atmosphere.
What components make up the atmosphere?It is an amalgam of many gases. Approximately 78% of the air in Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen, while 21% is oxygen. Small amounts of other gases, including carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen, are also present in air.
How does atmosphere become made?Because of radiation from the Sun, early Earth lost its hydrogen, helium, and other hydrogen-containing gases, leaving it without an atmosphere. Gases locked in the early Earth's interior were released, creating the first atmosphere, a process that continues today in volcanoes.
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What factor has not been available to scientists and has kept them from being able to produce a living cell
It has been challenging to research due to the cell's size. We have a variety of methods in which we are able to produce things that work similarly to cells.
All biological things are constructed from simple units called cells. Millions of billions of cells make up the human body. They provide the body structure, absorb nutrients from the diet, transform those nutrients into energy, and perform certain tasks.. Numerous, maybe even thousands, of tiny, unique structures known as organelles are found in the cytoplasm, which is made up of complex arrangements of microscopic fibers.
Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken" in order to advance the corpus of knowledge. It comprises the objective collecting, organization, and analysis of information to increase understanding of a topic or circumstance.. An extension of earlier work in the topic could be the focus of a research study.
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After ingestion, the first type of macromolecule to be worked on by enzymes in the human digestive system is.
Enzymes with in human digestive system begin working with carbohydrates as soon as they are ingested as the first form of macromolecule.
What happens after digestion?Chewing triggers the start of digestion, which is completed there in small intestine. Large food molecules split into smaller ones as they move through the GI tract and combine with digestive fluids.
Why is proper digestion important?To be converted into nutrients that body can use for energy, development, and cell repair, food must first be digested. Nutrients from food and drink need to be broken up into smaller molecules before being absorbed by the circulation and sent to the cells around the body.
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At which location does gravity play a role in moving tectonic plates? question 10 options: in the mantle in the middle of a continent at the edge of the plates in the core
Gravity play a role in moving tectonic plates at the edge of the plates.
When tectonic plate dives under another plate it is due to the high energy by the Earth's gravity that pushes into the mantle these causes hot rock to rise and cooler to sink .
Movement of tectonic plates occurs on the top of a partially molten layer of rock called the asthenosphere. As a result between contraction of asthenosphere and lithosphere, the plates move contrary to each other at different rates, from 2- 15 centimeters per year. Gravity plays an important role by pulling the denser material close to the core .
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Chromosomes and genes are alike because they both contain _____________________ material.
if a serum specimen is diluted 1:2 with buffer beginning in tube 2 and serially diluted 1:2 in each of five subsequent test tubes that follow, what is the final dilution of serum in tube 5 ?
The ratio of serum concentration in the final tube to that in the first tube is 1:64. (or 164 of the original concentration).
The proportion of the parts in respect to one another is expressed as a part-to-part ratio. The whole is made up of all its component components. "1 to 2" is how the ratio 1: 2 is written. This indicates that out of the sum of 3, one component is worth 1 and another part is worth 2.
When a solvent is added, the concentration of the solute in the solution is diluted. By removing the solvent, concentration raises the solute concentration in the solution. Because each molecule needs a certain amount of energy to break bonds, dissociation rises with dilution. Take HCl as an example; it requires a certain amount of energy to split into H+ and Cl-.
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the amniotic egg appeared once, in the most recent common ancestor of sauropsids and mammals, and was retained over evolutionary time. which tree correctly shows the location of the appearance of the amniotic egg?
The homology tree shows the location of the appearance of the amniotic egg correctly since it advanced once and was kept up over evolutionary time.
The amniotic egg is a homology since it advanced once and was kept up over evolutionary time.
The amniotic egg: An air-breathing egg characterized by a shell and extraembryonic films. These encased the amniote developing life in a private lake amid its advancement and interceded gas exchange with the outside environment.
Amniotes are a clade of tetrapod vertebrates that comprises sauropsids and synapsids.
They are recognized from the other tetrapod clade — the creatures of land and water — by the advancement of three extraembryonic layers, thicker and more keratinized skin, and coastal breath.
In well-evolved creatures, layers that are homologous to the extra-embryonic layers in eggs are displayed within the placenta. Extra-determined characteristics of amniotes incorporate waterproof skin, due to the nearness of lipids, and costal (rib) ventilation of the lungs.
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which of the following statements is not accurate regarding complement? a. the effect of complement typically depends on activation of complement factor c3 b. complement are non-cellular protein factors c. activated complement factors can combine to form pores in the plasma membrane of infecting cells and kill them d. complement only works in conjunction with the adaptive immune system e. complement is present in blood serum
complement only work in conjunction with adaptive immune system is not accurate regarding complement system
One of the key processes by which pathogen identification is transformed into an efficient host response against an early infection is the complement system. Complement is a system of plasma proteins that may either be activated directly by pathogens or indirectly by pathogen-bound antibodies. This activation causes a series of events to take place on the surface of the pathogens, which produces active components with varied effector roles. There are three ways to activate the complement system: the traditional pathway, which is activated by the pathogen directly or indirectly through antibody binding to the pathogen surface; the MB-lectin pathway; and the alternative pathway, which also serves as an amplification loop for the other two pathways. As part of innate immunity, all three processes can be started without the aid of an antibody.
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The function of hemoglobin is to carry ________ from the lungs throughout the body.
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
It carries Oxygen in your red blood cells to other things in your body such as your organs and tissue, then it goes back to your lungs. If that makes sense to you. Hope this helps. :)))
which possible cause of doms is also a cause of cellular damage in muscular dystrophy and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy
DOMS and cellular damage in muscular dystrophy and alcohol-induced cardiomyopathy are caused by elevated calcium levels, which rush into injured tissue and slow repair.
DOMS, commonly referred to as "muscle fever," is delayed onset muscle soreness. After engaging in new and strenuous exercise, the muscles feel sore, achy, and unpleasant. The most frequent cause of DOMS, which is transient muscle injury and inflammation, seems to be eccentric activity. Muscular dystrophy is a muscle disorder in mutated genes in body doesn't allow the formation of protiens required for healthy muscle cells. Alcoholism causes your heart to change form, a condition known as alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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what techniques could be used to demonstrate that a mutation in a man with hemophilia is due to the insertion of an alu element into the coding sequence of the x-linked gene for factor viii, one of the proteins needed for efficient blood clotting in humans?
Therefore, if a guy inherits an X chromosome that has a mutation in either the factor VIII or factor IX gene, they may develop a disease similar to hemophilia. Hemophilia can also affect women, however this is far less common. In these situations, either both of the X chromosomes are afflicted, or one is affected while the other is absent or inactive.
What is Mutation ?A mutation in biology is an adjustment to the nucleic acid sequence of an organism's, virus's, or extrachromosomal DNA. DNA or RNA can be found in the viral genome.
Mutations that are harmful can result in cancer or genetic diseases. A genetic disorder is a condition brought on by a change in one or more genes. Cystic fibrosis is a human example. A single gene mutation causes the body to create thick, sticky mucus that obstructs digestive organ ducts and clogs the lungs.
Missense, nonsense, insertion, deletion, duplication, and frameshift are just a few categories of gene mutations. The advent of lethal diseases like cancer is one of the main consequences of a gene mutation.
What is Hemophilia ?An genetic bleeding ailment called hemophilia causes the blood to clot improperly. This may result in both spontaneous bleeding and bleeding after injury or surgery. Blood contains a variety of clotting proteins that can aid in halting bleeding.
A moderate form of hemophilia A or B usually results in substantial bleeding after an accident. Additionally, you can have bleeding after an injury if you have hemophilia A or B in its most severe forms. spontaneous bruising of the muscles or joints
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