Answer:
They are liquid at room
temperature.
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the F2 generation?
Genotypes:
Phenotypes (colors of snapdragons):
There are four phenotypes and nine genotypes in the F2 generation.
In Mendel's dihybrid cross, two traits were in consideration for the F2 generation. In this dihybrid cross, for the seed color and seed type, he crossed two homozygous varieties, round yellow-seeded plants that are dominant RRYY with wrinkled green-seeded plants that are recessive rryy.
After the cross, the product obtained is round yellow, round green, wrinkled yellow, and wrinkled green seed.
So, the 9 genotypes are
RRYY, RRYy, RrYY, RrYy for round yellow phenotype
RRyy, Rryy for round green phenotype
rrYY, rrYy for the yellow wrinkled phenotype
rryy for the green wrinkled phenotype
For genotypic and phenotypic ratio is 1:2:1
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(80-100 words) What is sickle cell disease? Describe its effects at a protein, cellular and organismal level.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin, a protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells.
The mutation results in the production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin known as hemoglobin S (HbS). Sickle cell disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, meaning that an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the disease.
Effects at a Protein Level:
Hemoglobin normally has a rounded shape, allowing red blood cells to flow smoothly through blood vessels. However, in sickle cell disease, the abnormal hemoglobin S causes red blood cells to become stiff and take on a crescent or sickle shape under certain conditions, particularly when oxygen levels are low.
Effects at a Cellular Level:
The sickle-shaped red blood cells are prone to clump together, leading to the formation of blood clots. These clots can block blood vessels, causing a reduction in blood flow to various organs and tissues.
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how do the questions or steps change as you work through the dichotomous key?
PLEASE I NEED THIS RIGHT NOW
HELP ASAP!!!! 20 POINTS!!!
Situation: A scientist collected the data below in relation the the reproduction of the cells in a science experiment.
Part A: Explain the type of growth that is shown in this experiment.
Part B: What stage of the cell cycle would you expect most of the cells to be in? Explain.
Answer: Part A: Exponential Growth
Part B: Interphase
Explanation: Part A: This is showing exponential growth because its increasing the quantity over time.
Part B: A cell spends most of its time in interphase because the interphase is the phase in the cell cycle that consists of three sub-stages which are (G1), (S), and (G2). It makes the cell grows and makes a copy of itself.
The genetic code is carried by the_____ molecule in most organisms
Answer:
The DNA molecule.
Explanation:
Preparation of the correct buffer is key to any good biological experiment and it is important that you understand how to calculate the mass of each chemical required to make that buffer and what the resulting concentration of those constituents will be in moles per litre. Your text book explains that moles are just a way to express the amount of a substance, such that one mole is equal to 6.02 x 1023 particles of that substance. These particles can be can be atoms, molecules, ions etc, so 1 mole of water is equal to 6.02 x 1023 water molecules, or 1 mole of Na+ is equal to 6.02 x 1023 Na+ ions. Since different chemicals have different molecular weights (based on the number of protons and neutrons each atom contains) 1 mole or 6.02 x 1023 atoms of oxygen (O) will have a mass of 16g whereas 1 mole or 6.02 x 1023 atoms of sodium (Na) will have a mass of 23g. If you need more information on moles, please read Encyclopedia Britannica's Moles website. Although you may sometimes see it written as g/litre, the concentration of solutions is more often described in term of molarity since it better defines the chemical properties of a solution because it is proportional to the number of molecules or ions in solution, irrespective of molecular mass of its constituents. However, it is not possible to measure moles on a laboratory balance, so in the first instance chemicals are measured by mass (milligrams, grams, kilograms etc) and the number of moles is calculated using the known molecular mass (often called molecular weight and abbreviated to M.W.) of the chemical. As indicated earlier, the molecular mass of a chemical is based on the number of protons and neutrons that is contained in each atom (eg NaCl is made up of one molecule of Na, M.W. = 22.99g and one molecule of Cl, M.W. = 35.45g, so the M.W. of NaCl is 58.44g). These values can be found in the periodic table however the molecular mass of chemicals is generally provided by any vendors of the products and so can also be found on various suppliers’ websites.
Molecular masses of the given sample are:
NaCl: 58.44 g/mole, 80 g, 1.37 M
KCl: 74.55 g/mole, 2 g, 27 mM
Na2HPO4: 142.01 g/mole, 14.2 g, 100 mM
KH2PO4: 136.09 g/mole, 2.4 g, 18 mM
What do you mean by molecular mass?The molecular mass is the mass of a given molecule: it is measured in daltons. Different molecules of the same compound may have different molecular masses because they contain different isotopes of an element.
Moreover, molecular mass or molecular weight is the mass of a molecule. “The molecular mass of a substance is the sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule of the substance”. It is expressed in the atomic mass unit(u).
Therefore, molecular mass of an element is defined as the sum of the masses of the elements present in the molecule. Molecular mass is obtained by multiplying the atomic mass of an element with the number of atoms in the molecule and then adding the masses of all the elements in the molecule.
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A chemical agent that makes holes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria would:
-stop the movement of electrons down the electron transport chain.
-stop oxidative phosphorylation
-stop the citric acid cycle
A chemical agent that makes holes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria would stop the movement of electrons down the electron transport chain.
What is Electron?This is referred to as a subatomic particle and it has a negative charge. It is involved in a chemical reaction when it is either gained, lost or shared thereby forming different types of bonds.
A chemical agent that makes holes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria would stop the movement of electrons down the electron transport chain because of the loss of energy which occurs when this is done thereby making option A the correct choice.
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Learn how to correctly prepare and observe specimens using _____________________ ______________________ slides.
Microscope slides are used to support samples of organic material to observe under the microscope.
What are microscope slides?
Microscope slides are small flat pieces of thin, delicate glass of varying sizes. Usually, their size is about 75 x 25 mm, but they might vary according to the brand.
They are used to hold samples of tissue of diverse nature to observe under the microscope.
The way to prepare a slide might vary according to what you need to observe under the microscope and if it is a definitive or temporal microscopic prepared.
Sections of the sample are placed over the glass slide and fixated with liquid or other elements. It can be previously stained to observe and differentiate different structures.
Usually, to avoid lens accidents, slides are prepared together with cover glasses, which are even thinner squared pieces of glass that cover the organic material, so the lens does not get in touch with it.
There are graticule slides useful to make counts or take measures of the sample content.
Learn how to correctly prepare and observe specimens using _microscope_ slides.
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Molecular basis of non infectious diseases
The molecular basis of non-infectious diseases is associated with the organism's response to genetic and environmental diseases that are not spread among suitable hosts.
What are non-infectious diseases?The expression non-infectious diseases is broad and it includes all types of diseases that are not spread among individuals in any type of environmental phenomena. These types of diseases are multifactorial since they are caused by both environmental and genetic factors.
For example, cardiovascular diseases and obesity are non-infectious diseases caused by environmental factors (e.g. consumption of salt in the case of cardiovascular diseases or fat in the case of obesity), and also by certain genetic factors that increase the risk form suffering these diseases.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that non-infectious diseases are associated with both genetic and environmental factors and they are not spread as occurs with infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria.
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What makes the rough ER
considered "rough"?
A. the ribosomes that are attached this
B. the presence of bacteria
C. the folds in the membrane
Option A. Because of the attached ribosomes, the rough ER is considered "rough."
When viewed through an electron microscope, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) appears studded due to the ribosomes attached to its cytoplasmic surface.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily composed of sheets, which are a two-dimensional array of flattened sacs that span the cytoplasm. These membranes contain an important protein complex called the translocon, which is required for protein translation within the rough ER in addition to ribosomes.
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Answer:
a) the ribosomes that are attached
Explanation:
The ribosomes that are attached makes the rough ER considered "rough". This is also called as RER. Therefore, the option (a) is the correct answer.
Which is not a way that ectothermic animals maintain their bodies at a consistent, appropriate temperature?
A. By generating large amounts of metabolic heat
B. By constricting or dilating blood vessels near the surface of the skin
C. Through behavioral adaptations such as basking in the sun or cooling in the shade
D. Bypassing cool venous blood near warm arteries running in the opposite direction
The method by which ectothermic animals do not regulate their body temperature is: (A) by generating large amount of metabolic heat.
Ectothermic animals such as snakes as well as lizards do not utilize metabolic heat in order to maintain their body temperature. Ectothermic animals are primarily dependent on the external sources of heat. The body temperature of such animals changes according to the external temperature.
On the other hand, endothermic animals tend to maintain a uniform body temperature through the process of metabolic heat production, e.g. birds as well as mammals. The internal body temperature of endothermic animals is almost independent of the temperature of their surrounding habitat.
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What is the meaning of the name restriction length polymorphism and where does it come from
The term "restriction fragment length polymorphism" (RFLP), which stands for individual changes (or variants) in DNA sequences at locations identified by restriction enzymes.
What causes restriction length polymorphism?Botstein et al. (1980) created restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), which employ restriction enzymes to cleave the DNA molecule at particular locations known as restriction sites, producing various fragments with varied lengths.
What is RFLP, and what are some of its drawbacks?Restriction One technique for studying DNA used by forensic scientists is fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The DNA strand is divided into pieces during this procedure by an enzyme. One restriction is that it struggles with dirt or mold.
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african savanna elephant chance of survival
Which part of the flower
contains the anther and
pollen grains?
A. petals
B. pistil
C. stamen this is answer
Answer:
The anther contains pollen grains. The anther is an oval-shaped sac located at the upper end of the stamen in which pollen is produced, stored, and later released from the plant. It can appear from light yellow to dark red so that they attract pollinators (honey bees) to flowers, and make reproduction in plants possible.
Explanation:
Answer: C, Stamen
Explanation:
People who get better grades in school will be more successful in life.
agree or disagree
5-7 sentences in length.
Answer:
the correct awnser is a
Explanation:
I got it right on my test
The circle below represents sells the arrow shows the movement of materials State whether each diagram represents active or passive transport
Passive transport carries molecules from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated one, while active transport carries molecules against their electrochemical gradient, needing the energy to do it.
Note: Since the image is not attached and I could not find it, I will define active and passive transport and attach an image with cells, molecules, and arrows indicating molecule motion for each transport case.
What are active and passive transport?Active and passive transport are two ways in which substances can move through the plasmatic membranes.
Passive transport occurs in favor of an electrochemical gradient and does not need energy to move because molecules move from the more concentrated side to the less concentrated one.
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are two types of passive transport.
On the contrary, active transport moves molecules against their electrochemical gradient. This means that molecules move from the concentrated side to the more concentrated one. This process needs the energy to occur.
In the attached image you will find two scenarios. One of them is passive transport and the other one is active trasport. You should notice the differences in substances concentrations at each side of the membrane, and the arrow direction.
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The Atlantic puffin feeds on several species of Atlantic fish. A population of puffins living on Matinucus Rock was found to feed on the types of fish shown in the graph below. The beaks of this group of puffin are shaped to grasp Species A particularly well. Predict what would happen to the puffins’ beaks if another predator enters the area that is better at preying on Species A. Explain your reasoning based on what you know regarding genetic adaptations.
The number of Atlantic puffins that have adapted to species A will decrease as competition for species A increases. After several generations, the puffins that eat species B and C will be formed.
What is adaptation?
Adaptation is the process of changing in response to a changing environment. An example is seen in puffins. The puffin that eats species A has a different beak. When another predator enters who preys upon species A, then competition will increase. As a result, species A's consumption of puffin will decrease.
Those puffins that eat species B and C will survive. They will reproduce and produce more offspring. The number of puffins with beaks in Species B and C will increase over time.
Hence, after many generations, puffins of species B and C will increase.
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Do the tissues lining the gastrovascular cavity in Cnidarians differ at any point in the cavity?
All cnidarians have two tissue layers. The outer layer is called the epidermis, whereas the inner layer is called the gastrodermis and lines the digestive cavity. Between these two layers is a non-living, jelly-like mesoglea
Cnidarias have an internal sac for digestion which is called the gastrovascular cavity. The gastrovascular cavity has only one opening, a mouth, through which the animal takes in food and releases waste. Tentacles radiate outward from the rim of the mouth.
The body wall of a cnidarian consists of three layers, an outer layer known as the epidermis, a middle layer called the mesoglea, and an inner layer referred to as the gastrodermis. The epidermis contains a collection of different types of cells. These include epitheliomuscular cells which contract and enable movement, interstitial cells that give rise to many other cell types such as egg and sperm, cnidocytes which are specialized cells unique to cnidarians which in some cnidarians contain stinging structures, mucus-secreting cells which glandular cells that secrete mucus, and receptor and nerve cells which collect and transmit sensory information.
The inner layer, the endoderm , has cells that produce digestive enzymes and break up food particles. The jellylike material between the two layers is called the mesoglea. All of these body layers surround a central cavity called the gastrovascular cavity, which extends into the hollow tentacles.
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Which model accurately represents how DNA replication functions? Explain.
Answer: the semiconservative one
Explanation: it desribes how dna replication works
4. What is the energy balance or energy budget in relation to the Sun and Earth?
Answer: Earth’s energy budget describes the balance between the radiant energy that reaches Earth from the sun and the energy that flows from Earth back out to space. Energy from the sun is mostly in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Explanation:
The energy balance between the earth and atmosphere is reached when the energy from the Sun equals the energy that is lost by the Earth back into space. The Earth maintains a steady average temperature and a steady climate in this way.
What energy balance in relation to the Sun and Earth?The balance between the solar energy that enters Earth and the energy that leaves Earth and travels back into space is known as the Earth's energy budget. The visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum is where the majority of the sun's energy is found.
With greenhouse gases in the atmosphere helping to keep the planet habitable, the temperature of the Earth is a delicate balancing act. Multiple mechanisms work together to maintain this temperature balance.
Therefore, The vast majority of the energy that the Earth receives comes from the Sun and is manifested as radiant energy.
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What cellular structure is degenerating and rebuilding in ms
Answer: Myelin Sheath
Explanation:
In Multiple sclerosis (MS), your immune system attacks the myelin sheath or the cells that produce and maintain it. This attack causes inflammation and injury to the nerve sheath and ultimately to the nerve fibers that it surrounds. The process can result in multiple areas of scarring (sclerosis).
Genetic
provides a mechanism for evolution.
Drift
depression
obstruction
inhibition
Drift genetic provides a mechanism for evolution.
Option A is correct.
How does genetics fit into the process of evolution?The variety of known evolutionary change-causing mechanisms has been substantially expanded by genetics. Most of these mechanisms are non-selective or even counter-selective, but they all involve converting variation between individuals into variance across populations over time and place.
What are the concepts of evolution and genetics?The study of evolutionary genetics focuses on how genetics affects the course of evolution. The evolution of genomic structure is being studied in this context. It consists of population genetics and evolution combined. Genome evolution is the process by which the genome's size and structure evolve over time.
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what is the density of lions (in lions/km2) in the portion of the park that has been studied
The density of lions per each km² in the portion of the park that has been studied is 0.05125 lions/km², i.e., in this case this value equals to 41 lions/800 km².
What is the population density?The population density in a natural population can be obtained by dividing the number of individuals or organisms of a given species per unit of surface area in the ecosystem under study.
In this case, the studied area is 800 km² because it represents 20 percent (i.e. 20%) of an area that has 4000 km², while the number of lions in this area represents the population density and can be obtained as 41 lions/800 km2 >> 0.05125 lions per km².
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the population density is associated with the number of organisms of the same species in a given geographic area, which is generally referred to as the number of individuals per km².
Complete question:
The lion researchers in the film have studied 20% of the park and identified 41 lions. The entire Gorongosa Park is 4,000 km2. What is the density of lions (in lions/km2) in the portion of the park that has been studied?
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How is it possible that muscle and fat cells make up 75% of human cells by weight but 84% of cells are red blood cells?
RBC’s make up about 84% of cells in the body, but they are only 4% of body weight. Whereas, 75% of total weight are fat cells and muscle cells. They’re both large cells but constitute only a minute fraction of the total number of cells.
How many cells is the human body made of?
The exact number of cells is still debatable. But to put it briefly, around 30-40 trillion. The long answer? Not yet determined.
What we do know, is that RBC’s (red blood cells) make up the majority of cells in our bodies. They make up only 4% of total mass, despite constituting 80% of all cells. The reason is that RBC’s measure 8 micrometers in diameter. The size of fat cells, however is around 100 micrometers.
The total number of cells to this date is still not defined, but we have a slight idea of what could be.
Therefore, the reason for RBC’s having 84% of cells and 75% of fat cells is their mass. RBC’s are only 4% of total weight because their measure is only 8 micrometers. Whereas fat cells are around 100 micrometers in diameter.
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Describe and list the contents of the dural sinuses, subdural space, and subarachnoid space.
(help needed asap. thank u so much) :)
Why is it important that a pure water IV not be given to dehydrated patients?
Pure water IV is not given to a dehydrating patient because our circulation already includes some salt, IVs also contain saline, a solution of water and salt that is almost isotonic with blood. Water flows from a high concentration to a low concentration, preventing the cells from exploding.
What would happen if you injected pure water into a patient?Patient would pass away. The cell would rupture owing to osmosis because of the disparity in salt content between the interior and exterior. In order to establish an isotonic state, the water would exit the cell and switch from the less concentrated inside to the more concentrated outside, killing the cell and ultimately the patient.
Hence, Continuous monitoring is necessary when receiving a saline water IV injection to make sure the IV solution is giving the patient the proper amount of fluids and minerals.
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what does c 2h o stand for and what is the ratio between them
The simplest aldehyde, formaldehyde, has the chemical formula CH2O and is composed of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. Because of the 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in the formula CH2O, a carbohydrate can be identified.
Is water a sugar?The typical molecular formula for carbohydrates is (CH2O)n. These are the simplest carbohydrates and are needed as energy sources because they are both essential components of living things and fuel molecules. Perhaps glucose and fructose are the ones that people are most familiar with.
A carbohydrate is CH20?A monosaccharide has the generic formula (CH2O)n. Since monosaccharides are the simplest type of carbohydrates, they cannot be hydrolyzed or divided into other types of carbs.
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The human skeletal system can
be divided into the....
A. upper and lower systems
B. central and peripheral systems
C. axial and appendicular systems this
D. voluntary and involuntary systems
Answer:
axial and appendicular systems
Help please
Why is mRNA so important?
A. because without it, DNA would be unable
to relay information to the rest of the cell
B. because it is the only molecule that carries
genetic information
C. because without it, the cell membrane
would be unable to protect the cell from
attack
D. because it has digestive enzymes that
protect DNA from being attacked
Answer:
a
Explanation:
because without it, DNA would be unableto relay information to the rest of the cell
Directions
Pour the water into the bowl. Mix in the dirt.
Place the small glass in the center of the bowl. The lip of the glass should stand taller than the dirt and water mixture, but shorter than the sides of the bowl.
Find a sunny spot outside. Place the bowl in direct sunlight.
Place the plastic wrap over the bowl. Put the rock in the center of the plastic wrap, directly over the cup. Gently push down on the rock until the sides of the plastic wrap slope at about a 45° angle. Secure the loose sides of the plastic wrap to the outside of the bowl.
Leave the bowl in the Sun for three or four hours.
Remove the plastic wrap. Look in the cup and in the bowl. Record your observations.
Respond to the questions below.
Questions
Answer the questions in the essay box below.
Is the water in the cup dirty? Why or why not?
What happened to the water in the bowl?
This project simulates a real world process. What does the plastic wrap represent? What does the water in the cup represent?
Which two parts of the water cycle are at work?
WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!!!
Note that the experiment you are performing is known as "Solar water distillation" experiment.
The water in the cup is probably unclean because the dirt and water combination in the bowl filtered through the plastic wrap and into the cup via evaporation and condensation.
The plastic wrap represents the Earth's atmosphere, while the water in the cup represents purified water collected, or "distilled," by evaporation and condensation.
The water in the bowl would have evaporated and condensed on the inside of the plastic wrap, running down and into the cup. Evaporation and condensation are the two components of the water cycle at an action in this research.
What is the purpose of the above experiment?The goal of the preceding experiment is to illustrate and comprehend the process of solar water distillation, which is a method of purifying water using the energy of the sun.
The experiment replicates the evaporation and condensation processes, in which the sun's heat causes the water in the bowl to evaporate and then condenses on the plastic wrap, pouring down into the cup.
The dirt and contaminants in the water are left in the bowl, resulting in clean water in the cup. The experiment aids in understanding the fundamental concepts of solar stills and how they may be used to purify water in isolated places or during survival scenarios where access to clean water is limited.
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Answer:1. The water in the smaller bowl was not dirty because of condensation.
2. The water in the larger bowl was gone, but the dirt i put in it was still there
3. The water got into the smaller bowl because of codensation. The water in the big bowl got lifted from condensation and bounced off of the plastic wrap and landed in the small bowl.
4. The plastic wrap represents the Earth's atmosphere, while the water in the cup represents purified water collected, or "distilled," by evaporation and condensation.
5. The water in the bowl would have evaporated and condensed on the inside of the plastic wrap, running down and into the cup. Evaporation and condensation are the two components of the water cycle at an action in this research.
Explanation: