The double helical structure of DNA was determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA.
Watson and Crick are credited with discovering the structure of DNA, but Rosalind Franklin's discoveries played a crucial role in assisting them in doing so. Rosalind Franklin and Francis Wilkins used X-ray crystallography to study DNA to determine its structural properties. An X pattern was observed in the Franklin and Wilkins diffraction pattern, which suggested a two-stranded helical form of DNA. They also inferred that the helix's diameter must also be consistent with the patterns' consistency.
So, the correct option is "DNA has a double helix structure."
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(complete question)
Which of the following characteristics of the structure of DNA was determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA?
a. the length of a given DNA molecule
b. the sequence of nucleotides
c. the double helical structure
d. the frequency of A versus T nucleotides
true or false base pairs form when nitrogenous bases are connected by hidrogen bonds
Answer: true
Explanation:
i just had that question in class
the average day of third-grade students places them in what state, as described by brofenbrenner's ecological systems model, for the majority of the time?
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model, kids in the third grade spend the majority of their days in a student state.
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, a child's development is viewed as a complex system of interactions that are influenced by a range of environmental factors, from the child's immediate home and school environments to more general cultural values, laws, and practices.
The day's main portion (298 minutes) is spent within the student state. This mentality involves the learner being docile, obedient, and frequently irritated when focusing on or attempting to maintain attention on a task. Sometimes, this irritation is shown by lengthy pauses before pulling out the next book and looking for supplies.
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when you send electrical impulses to one of your muscles, there is a certain level of stimulus where the muscle will first show a twitch. why don't you see a twitch before this?
A twitch occurs when one muscle fiber contracts in response to a command stimulus by the nervous system.
The time interval between the activation of a motor neuron and contraction of muscle is called the lag phase. In the duration of lag phase an action potential travels to the end of motor neuron .
This action potential release of acetylcholine and depolarization of the motor end plate. Muscle twitch has three phase latent period, a contraction phase, and a relaxation phase. A classified muscle response allows alteration in muscle tension. Twitches and spasms can be warning signs which shows the nerves that control your muscles.
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the results of a test cross reveal that all the offspring resemble the parent being tested. this parent must be:
The results of a test cross reveal that all the offspring resemble the parent being tested. this parent must be homozygous.
If an organism carries two copies of the same dominant allele, it can be homozygous dominant, while if it carries two copies of the same recessive allele, it can be homozygous recessive. An organism is heterozygous if it possesses two distinct alleles for a gene. The fusion of the gametes of both parents can result in the creation of offspring. if all of the offspring from a test cross look like the parent being tested. Because all of the gametes of the parents carry the same allele, which fuses to produce the same offspring, this parent must be homozygous.
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What differences in structure would be necessary in order for each limb to accomplish its specific functions
Cells must be specified and committed to make the limbs. For a limb to be formed, the specific muscle cells for the limbs should be formed. The limbs of different animals vary.
What is cell specification?Cell specification is a phenomenon in which the cell is committed to a certain function and can't change it. In the zygote stage, the cell is not committed to any particular function, but as the cells multiply, they begin to commit to a particular cell type. Cells such as the muscle cells of the limb should be specified and committed to the particular structure that is required for the limb. The minimum structures for the limb are structures to move, to make living place by digging the soil etc. so the limb should have nails, claws , digits etc.
Hence, because no specific animal limb is mentioned, cell specification and commitment are the result of the limb's specific structural features.
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We have learned that when the cell loses control of cellular division, cancer can be the result. We know that there are several risk factors for cancer. In this discussion, describe which of those risk factors are significant for you? What steps could you take could reduce that risk?
Risk factors are significant for the prevention of cancer because there are environmental factors such as diet or UV sunlight exposure which we need to control in order to reduce cancer risks.
What is cancer?Cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with the uncontrolled proliferation of certain cell types, which may be triggered by genetic factors (mutations) and environmental factors such as exposure to physical-chemical agents (e.g., UV light exposure).
Therefore, with this data, we can see that cancer risks may be decreased due to the establishment of healthy habits such as avoiding exposure to UV light.
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Why is competition is a density-dependent?
The effect of the competition is frequently density-dependent, meaning that with higher population densities, competition increases. This is due to the fact that rivalry frequently becomes more intense as the population grows (or as resources decline).
What are density-dependent factors?Intraspecific competition, which occurs when members of the same species compete with one another for resources like food and space, is unaffected by factors like population density. Regardless of population size, all species populations in the same habitat will experience a comparable impact. Weather, climate, and natural catastrophes are some of the contributing factors.
Examples of factors that are influenced by density include disease, competition, and predation. The relationship between population size and characteristics that depend on density can be positive or negative. These population-size-related growth-restraining factors are positively correlated with population size and get stronger as the population expands.
Intraspecific Competition: Intraspecific competition occurs when members of the same species compete with one another for food, habitat, and other resources.Interspecific PredationDiseases and ParasitesSocial Behaviors.To know more about the Intraspecific Competition, visit:
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What exactly is a Conceptual Model and why is it used?
Conceptual models are abstract, psychological representations of how tasks should be carried out
assume that two transcription factors are required for expression of the blue pigmentation genes in pansies. (without the pigment, the flowers are white.) what phenotypic ratios would you expect from crossing strains heterozygous for wild-type and recessive amorphic alleles for each of the genes encoding these transcription factors?
1. If both transcription factors are required for expression (complementary gene action),
only the A-B- genotype will produce blue flowers. Diagram the cross: Aa Bb× Aa Bb→
9/16 A-B- (blue) : 3/16A-bb (white) : 3/16aa B- (white) : 1/16 aa bb(white)
= 9/16 blue : 7/16 white flowered plants.
Transcription is the manner of copying a phase of DNA into RNA. The segments of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules which could encode proteins are stated to provide messenger RNA. Different segments of DNA are copied into RNA molecules known as non-coding RNAs. mRNA comprises simplest 1-three% of overall RNA samples.
Transcription is the method wherein a gene's DNA sequence is copied (transcribed) to make an RNA molecule. RNA polymerase is the primary transcription enzyme. Transcription starts whilst RNA polymerase binds to a promoter collection near the beginning of a gene (directly or thru helper proteins).
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Why would it be bad for two different populations to occupy the exact same niche at the same time of year?
Answer:
one specie's will out compete the other, forcing the other species to adapt or risk extinction
during chordate evolution, what is the sequence (from earliest to most recent) in which the following structures arose? 1. four limbs with digits 2. notochord 3. true bone 4. lungs or lung derivatives 5. amniotic egg
During chordate evolution the sequence in which the structures arose are paired fins, jaws, limbs/fins with muscle, amniotic egg, and placenta.
An animal belonging to the phylum Chordata is referred to as a chordate, and all chordates have 5 synapomorphies—or predominant characteristics—that set them other than all different species at a while in the course of their larval or grownup stages.
The notochord, dorsal hole nerve cord, endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits, and publish tail are amongst those 5 synapomorphies. The first of those synapomorphies, the notochord, that's important to chordate motion and structure, is in which the call chordate originates. Chordates additionally have a coelom, a circulatory system, are bilaterally symmetric, and show metameric segmentation.
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portion of an rna molecule that codes for making a protein
Answer:
mRNA
Explanation:
The messenger RNA carries the information for making a protein
Which term best describes the pattern of distribution for the human
population shown in the picture?
A. Clustered
B Random
C. Sparse
D. Even
In 3-5 sentences describe the relationship between a glucose molecule and the products it makes during cellular respiration
During Cellular Respiration, glucose is broken down into many different pieces turning into pyruvate and lead to release of electrons. During cellular respiration, this is a process known as glycolysis which takes place in cytoplasm. The pyruvate then oxidizes (meaning it loses the electrons which produce energy) and turns into acetyl CoA which is used in Krebs/citric acid cycle.
Cellular respiraton is a chain of chemical reactions that smash down glucose to produce ATP, which may be used as strength to strength many reactions throughout the frame. There are 3 foremost steps of cellular breathing: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Cellular respiration is the process that happens inside the mitochondria of organisms (animals and flora) to interrupt down sugar inside the presence of oxygen to release electricity inside the form of ATP. This technique releases carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
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nonpathogenic vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by nonpathogenic vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by transformation. conjugation. phagocytosis. transduction. infecting a pathogenic vibrio cholerae.
Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by transduction.
What are pathogens?
A pathogen is a living organism that causes disease in its host, and virulence describes how severe a disease's symptoms are.
Virens, bacteria, unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, as well as other taxonomically diverse species, are examples of pathogens.
Pathogens are germs that can impair one's health by infecting the body. They include viruses, bacteria, fungus, and parasites. The pathogens that cause significant diseases include, among many others, anthrax, HIV, the Epstein-Barr virus, and the Zika virus.
All viruses are obligatory pathogens because they must reproduce inside the cells of their hosts, making them all pathogens.
Therefore, Option D is correct.
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Complete question
Nonpathogenic vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by
a. Transformation
b. Conjugation
c. Phagocytosis
d. Transduction
large, even distances typically separate individual panda bears from each other. what type of population distribution do pandas exhibit?
Pandas have a particular sort of population distribution known as a uniform distribution, which indicates equal probability for a continuous distribution throughout a certain range.
What does it mean to distribute resources evenly?When referring to a sort or probability distribution in statistics, a uniform distribution is one in which all possible outcomes have an equal likelihood. The probability of getting a heart, club, diamond, or spade is equally likely, hence a deck of cards has uniform distributions within it.
How can one explain the term "uniform distribution"?Since all outcomes have the same probability, the uniform distribution receives its name from this property. A uniform distribution has no mode, unlike with a normal distribution with a center hump or a chi-square distribution. Instead, there is a 50/50 chance that each option will happen.
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the continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of dna . how does the process of mitosis faithfully parcel out exact copies of this heritable information in the production of genetically identical daughter cells?
Mitosis faithfully parcels out exact copies of this heritable information in the production of genetically identical daughter cells as The cell "replicates" its chromosomes by copying them.
Daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells are produced through mitosis. The cell copies its chromosomes, or "replicates," and then divides them equally so that each daughter cell has a complete set.
Mitosis is a process by which more cells with the same genetic makeup as the parent cell. It is essential not only for the growth and development of our bodies but also for the development of embryos. Mitosis creates new cells and replaces old, lost, or damaged cells.
Each chromatid of a duplicated chromosome attaches to a microtubule on one of the mitotic spindles during mitosis. The chromatids are pulled toward the cell's poles during anaphase by mitotic spindles, resulting in two identical chromosomal sets at each pole.
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At the neuromuscular junction, an electrical signal from the motor neuron is translated to a chemical signal and then back to an electrical signal in the muscle cell. What proteins interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell?.
Cation ligand-gated channels are the proteins that interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell.
Neurotransmitters are chemical signals released in the cleft when a nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction. A ligand-gated cation channel opens as a result of these chemical signals binding to the motor endplate's receptor. The receptor contains these channels. Cations, specifically Na+, can flow across the membrane by opening ion channels. A muscle action potential is sparked by the introduction of cations, which increases the positive charge of the muscle fiber's interior. acetylcholine is found in motor neuron synaptic vesicles at a neuromuscular junction.
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(complete question)
At the neuromuscular junction, an electrical signal from the motor neuron is translated to a chemical signal and then back to an electrical signal in the muscle cell. What proteins interact with the released chemical to cause the electrical signal in the muscle cell?
a.Sodium voltage-gated channels
b.Potassium ligand-gated channels
c.Cation ligand-gated channels
d.Calcium mechanical-gated channels
what does nature refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate? group of answer choices cognitive capacity language acquisition genes and biology environment and culture
In the nature vs. nurture argument, genes and biology are mentioned.
What does "nature" mean in the nature vs. nurture debate?In nature, our DNA is mostly discussed. It contains the genes our parents pass on to us as well as additional genetic characteristics that could affect how our personalities develop and how we mature from childhood. Our personalities are shaped by both nurture and the environment.
Quizlet: Nature vs. Nurture – What is it?Discussion of the factors that affect our conduct and personality: either genetic makeup or life experience solely of nature. Inherent tendencies and genetically determined traits make us who we are. view limited to nurture. From our core, we are all similar to one another at birth, and we are the sum of our experiences.
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The function of hemoglobin is to carry ________ from the lungs throughout the body.
Answer:
oxygen
Explanation:
You can think of hemoglobin as the iron ("heme"), oxygen transport protein, ("globin") found in red blood cells.
Changes in ________ structure and function have been demonstrated in adolescents who are either at-risk or have been diagnosed with various mood and/or anxiety disorders.
Answer:amygdala
Explanation:
what is one of the largest crops grown in the united states today, and a staple or core food in many first people/native american dishes?
Maize (Corn) is one of the largest crops grown in the united states, and a staple food in many first people/Native American dishes.
In the United States, a third of corn production is utilized to feed livestock like cattle, hogs, and chickens. Corn supplies the "carbs" and soybeans the protein in animal feed. According to some estimates, a beef cow grown on a feedlot can consume a ton of corn; two bushels of American maize are required to produce one serving of corn-fed steak. Cows that produce milk and beef both eat silage, which is made of fermented corn stalks and other green plants. A little over a third of corn production is utilized to produce ethanol, which is added to gasoline as a sustainable fuel. The Renewable Fuel Standard calls for 10% of gasoline to be renewable fuel, however, in some places, notably in the Midwest, you can get E15 (15 percent ethanol) or E85 (85 percent ethanol). The remaining corn harvest is either exported to other nations for use as food or feed, or it is used in the United States for industrial purposes, drinks, and human nourishment. There are many uses for corn. It is employed in the production of biodegradable packaging materials, tortilla chips, grits, canned beer, soda, and cooking oil. It is a crucial component of the growing medium used to produce life-saving medications like penicillin. To keep weeds from growing in flower beds, use corn gluten meal.
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the bicuspid (mitral) valve question 6 options: is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
One of the four heart valves is the mitral valve, commonly referred to as the bicuspid valve or the left atrioventricular valve. It is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart and has two cusps or flaps.
An aortic valve that has two cusps (or flaps) as opposed to three is referred to as bicuspid. The primary artery supplying blood to your body, the aorta, is controlled by the aortic valve, which regulates blood flow from the left ventricle (chamber).
Divides the bottom left chamber from the left atrium, which is the upper left chamber (left ventricle). permits blood to move from the left atrium to the left ventricle through opening. prevents blood from returning to the left atrium from the left ventricle.
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griffith's experiment. why did an injection of both living iir cells and dead iiis cells kill the mice when each of those cells individually did nothing? 2 avery's experiment. why were no iiis cells found in the mixture containing deoxyribonuclease, but they were found in the mixtures containing ribonuclease or protease?
Detected in mixtures containing ribonuclease or protease. R strain or heat killed S strain in mouse deaths.
What carry out all cells?All cells contain the following four components: (1) a plasma membrane, an outer layer that separates the cell's interior out of its environment; (2) cytoplasm, an internal region that resembles jelly and contains other cellular components.
Identify the smallest cell.The parasitic bacterium Mycoplasma gallicepticum is believed to be the tiniest known organism capable of independent development and reproduction. It lives in the pulmonary, genital, and urine systems of primates. The cell type used in the investigation is called mycoplasma. Its diameter is 0.0001 mm.
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How would you define Earth’s hydrosphere?
Answer:
Discontinuous layer of water
The hydrosphere is the combined mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of a planet, minor planet, or natural satellite. Although Earth’s hydrosphere. The hydrosphere is vital to support human existence. It provides drinking water, water for agricultural purposes, and food and nutrients from fish and plants.
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a researcher performs fish with a probe against a known chromosome 3 sequence on cells with a small deletion on the p arm of chromosome 3. if two fluorescent spots are observed in each cell, what is the most likely explanation? multiple choice
A researcher performs FISH with a probe against a known chromosome 3 sequence on cells with a small deletion on the p arm of chromosome 3. The most likely explanation when two fluorescent spots appear is: the sequence targeted by the probe is not within the deleted region.
What is FISH?In genetic testing, FISH stands for Fluorescence in Situ Hybridisation. This is a test that looks for specific gene changes in cells. By doing FISH, we could look for specific parts of genes to detect genetic mutations and understand a variety of chromosomal abnormalities. If two fluorescent spots appear, it is most likely the sequence targeted is not within the deleted region.
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You have been contacted by a government official, who is looking to spend 5 million USD of overseas aid funding to benefit human welfare by protecting an ecosystem. They wish to use the money to protect and or / restore an area of land (or sea), in collaboration with local communities. They would like your help to decide which ecosystem type (suggestions listed below) would lead to the greatest benefit in terms of human health, equality and wellbeing.
Your task is to write a persuasive letter, arguing for the benefits of your chosen ecosystem. The official will be best convinced by:
An ecosystem services approach, using correct terminology
Clear evidence based (rather than emotional / value based) arguments
Clearly demonstrated correct scientific understanding (e.g. of the carbon cycle)
Specific studies, giving measured estimates of ecosystem services in particular locations (e.g. specific quantities of carbon stored or water purified, for example) - correctly cited
Ecosystems that store large quantities of carbon, since climate change mitigation is a priority.
Solutions that benefit disadvantaged communities (economically disadvantaged or excluded from decision making processes)
Reliable sources, carefully selected and evaluated
Once they have read and considered all your arguments, they will choose to use the funding to enhance protection or restoration of one type of ecosystem.
The coastal region is chosen to be remediated by the government's incentive, because the mangrove vegetation, mainly its root system, is capable of reducing the impact of sea water on coastal regions, protecting coastal cities against the effects of tidal erosion , storms, sea level rise, and even tsunamis.
The mangrove and its biodiversity: why preserve it?Thinking about the preservation of the forests, we decided to develop our project highlighting the riparian forests, specifically the mangrove. The mangrove is an ecosystem that develops in tropical regions, where fresh and salt water meet, thus forming brackish water. The mangroves are made up of three types of trees — they are: the red mangrove, the white mangrove and the black mangrove — and can therefore be considered a forest.
In it we will find animals that serve as food and sustenance for many people, and the preservation of its fauna and flora is of great importance for the sustainability of this forest and the individuals who need it.
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What are the benefits of algae? Select all that apply.
They are complex organisms.
They are the base of food webs.
They provide oxygen.
They live only in water.
Answer:
All the benefits of algae include all the answers given.
Explanation:
Orgasm occurs after stimulation of the genitals or erogenous zones.Phytoplankton and algae form the bases of aquatic food webs. Oxygen is produced by photosynthesizing organisms that live in the ocean, in freshwater, and on land. These organisms include bacteria, algae and plants. Photosynthesizing algae in the ocean produces around 70% of oxygen in the atmosphere.Algae are simple plants that live in oceans, lakes, rivers, ponds, and moist soil.The process of removal of wastes produced in the cells of the living organisms is called
Answer:
Excertion
Explanation:
The process of removal of waste produced in the cells of living organism is called excretion.
Answer:
excretion
Explanation:
When the cells in the living organisms perform various cellular functions, different wastes are produced. The filtration and removal of these cellular wastes from the body
Which hormone may be low in exercising women due to low energy intake, which can result in decreased bone formation?.
Estrogen hormone may be low in exercising women due to low energy intake, which can result in decreased bone formation.
For women, the hormone estrogen is very important and has a vital role. This one hormone is always present at every level of a woman's life, from menstruation and puberty, pregnancy, to menopause.
What is the Estrogen Hormone
Before understanding what estrogen is, you first need to know about the hormone itself. In this case, the hormone is actually a chemical substance produced by the body. The role of hormones in this case is to control and also regulate the activity of certain cells and organs. In addition, hormones also have important functions in relation to the body's metabolism, body development, reproductive system, to mood.
As for estrogen itself, basically refers to a group of hormones that play an important role in the growth and development of female sexual characteristics as well as in the reproductive process. Even so, please note that the hormone estrogen can also be found in the male body, but in very small levels.
If the male hormone estrogen is produced by the testes, in women this hormone is produced by the ovaries. During pregnancy, women can get this hormone from the placenta. The amount produced is not always the same, sometimes it increases, but it can also decrease. This adjusts to the function of the hormone itself which plays an important role in the female reproductive system.
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