Answer:
To control Earth’s mounting climate emissions, we really have our work cut out for us.
First, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced to nearly zero by 2050 to prevent massive sea level rise, drought and heat waves. But that isn’t enough, since already-emitted carbon dioxide lingers in the atmosphere for millennia. To meet climate goals, this harmful gas must be removed from the air in a process called “negative emissions,” according to scientists at the virtual Comer Climate Conference this fall.
“There’s no scenario that keeps us under even 2 degrees [Celsius of warming] without negative emissions,” said physicist Raymond Pierrehumbert of the University of Oxford.
That is, no realistic scenario, he added.
“If you wave a magic wand” to erase CO2 emissions, that would prevent catastrophic warming, Pierrehumbert said in an email.
Though there’s no magic wand, the Earth does have a few defenses against changing climates. Some natural chemical reactions take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it away. On their own, these methods take many thousands of years, but they would remove CO2 much more quickly if humans could accelerate them.
To succeed, though, the world must dramatically reduce emissions with green energy alternatives such as solar and wind. That way, the negative emissions techniques remove CO2 that’s already accumulated in the atmosphere.
Chemical reactions with rocks
If it weren’t for silicate weathering, Earth would be a hot, almost Venus-like hellscape. Carbon dioxide mixes with rain and causes the weathering, or breakdown, of rocks. This sets in motion chemical reactions that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it as minerals hidden away on the ocean floor.
This process has helped control Earth’s temperature throughout history.
“If it gets hotter, the silicate weathering goes faster, and it pulls CO2 out of the atmosphere. And if it cools down, silicate weathering slows down, so CO2 builds up,” said R.J. Graham, a doctoral student at the University of Oxford. “So it sort of acts as a thermostat for Earth’s climate.”
But now, human-forced climate change is warming Earth too quickly for it to be controlled by natural silicate weathering, which can take hundreds of thousands of years to work. To have a larger impact, Graham said we’d have to use enhanced weathering to speed up the process.
Some pieces of green olivine
A silicate rock called olivine is particularly good for removing CO2 through weathering. If people mined olivine, broke it into tiny pieces to increase its surface area and distributed it on land or in the oceans, it would get weathered at high rates and remove lots of CO2.
“[This idea] hasn’t really had as much attention paid to it as I think it deserves,” Graham said.
Enhanced weathering has the potential to lower atmospheric CO2 concentrations — which currently sit at the unsafe level of over 410 ppm — by 30 to 300 ppm by 2100, according to a report in Nature Climate Change.
A nonprofit called Project Vesta, unaffiliated with the Comer conference, hopes to create beaches with the ‘sand’ made of crushed olivine. Ocean waves will weather the rock quickly, and at scale, this could remove a lot of carbon dioxide from the air.
But it’ll take a lot of rock — to neutralize one year of carbon emissions, it takes a cube of olivine 6.34 miles on each side. Though it’s not as much as the coal mined each year, that cube would be taller than Mt. Everest, which is just under 5.5 miles high. And that’s not the only challenge.
“It’s an interesting concept, but it also might be dangerous, because you’re dumping a lot of rocks into the ocean that’ll have a lot of other trace metals and things that might screw with the biology in the oceans,” Graham said. “It’s something that needs to have a lot more research done.”
Silicate weathering does affect the oceans — it ultimately makes them more basic, or alkaline. Making the oceans more alkaline helps take CO2 out of the atmosphere, and other scientists are studying how to make that happen.
The big, blue carbon sink
Earth’s oceans help to slow climate change by absorbing carbon dioxide, but as they do, the water becomes more acidic. If compounds were added to the oceans to make them less acidic and more alkaline, the oceans would pull even more CO2 out of the air.
Some scientists explore ways this process called ocean alkalinity enhancement could remove CO2 from the atmosphere. Sophie Gill, a final-year Ph.D. student at the University of Oxford, wants to know what effect this has on marine life.
fossil fuels to renewable.”
Explanation:
4 Difference between erosion and denudation
Answer:
erosion is the transport of soil and rocks from one location to another, and denudation is the sum of processes, including erosion, that result in the lowering of Earth's surface.
Explanation:
Look at the figure above. From which winds do most tropical storms start?
Question options:
A)
Westerlies
B)
Polar easterlies
C)
Tropical storms form from each type of wind equally. (wrong)
D)
Trade
Answer:
Trade northeasternly.
Explanation:
Tropics are by the equator in most cases
Using complete sentences, define Sharia law and explain its impact on governments in the Middle East
Sharia law is a religious (islamic) law.
The word "sharia" is Arabic word which stands for "way" or "road."
Sharia law is an Islamic rule that establishes guidelines for Muslims to adhere to in terms of their physical, mental, and spiritual conduct. Sharia law is fundamentally Islam's legal framework and is regarded by Muslims as God's command.
The Middle Eastern protests economic causes are now well recognized. Frustration over the scarcity of jobs, poor and stagnant earnings, and a general lack of meaningful economic opportunity are some effects of sharia law in the middle east.
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What are the four digit grid coordinates for spot elevation 199
The four-digit grid coordinates for spot elevation 199 are on a hill on the map marked 172. Divide the square of the grid into 100 lines in your mind and approximate or read to the right. If the grid line is 47 and the hill 172 is between the grid lines 47 and 48, the coordinates will be 950.
What are spot elevations and how are they symbolized on the map?Points of elevation are usually located at road junctions and on hilltops and other strategic terrain features. They are marked by a
brown X. If the elevation is shown in black numerals it has been verified for accuracy; if is in brown, it has not been verified.
Therefore, the correct answer is as given above.
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Rain forest
Desert
Savannah
Tundra.
Grasses, cold
Water-conserving
creatures
Grasses, warm
Large trees
Next, think about the biomes that might exist in each climate zone. Research the types of animals and vegetation that are found in each biome. How do they relate to the economic activities in the area? How might the vegetation and wildlife impact the people who live there? Write two to three short paragraphs that summarize your conclusions.
note im doing italy!!
Answer: A climate zone results from the climate conditions of an area: its temperature, humidity, amount and type of precipitation, and the season. A climate zone is reflected in a region’s natural vegetation. Perceptive travelers can figure out which climate zone they are in by looking at the vegetation, even if the weather is unusual for the climate on that day.
The major factors that influence climate determine the different climate zones. In general, the same type of climate zone will be found at similar latitudes and in similar positions on nearly all continents, both in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The one exception to this pattern is the climate zones called the continental climates, which are not found at higher latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. This is because the Southern Hemisphere land masses are not wide enough to produce a continental climate.
Explanation:
Which of the following best describes an example of applied chemistry?
A. studying chemicals containing carbon
B. developing a cure for osteoporosis
C. explaining why water expands when it freezes
The option that best describes an example of applied chemistry is option A: studying chemicals containing carbon.
What is the purpose of applied chemistry?The scientific subject of applied chemistry focuses on understanding the fundamental chemical characteristics of materials and developing novel materials with precise functionalities.
Note that the goal of pure research is to comprehend fundamental processes and qualities. The goal of applied research is to apply knowledge to produce practical materials. Sometimes the distinction between pure and practical research is blurry.
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Russia cannot develop
its economy easily and
without causing great
problems. To what
extent do you agree with this statement
Answer: I do not fully agree with that statement, although it depends on the current status of Russia.
Explanation:
You called into a radio show and won an airplane ticket to anywhere in the world. Where would you go? Why would you choose that location?
Answer:
I would like to go to Egypt to see the historical places
Using Area of a Circle to Find the Radiusand/or Diameter of Circle.The athletic department wants to paint the school's mascot logo onthe gymlocker room wall. They start by painting a solid blue circle onthe wall. What is the maximum diameter of the logo if only one quartof blue paint is used?H = Tr?1 quart ofblue paintcovers78.5 ft.
Answer:
Explanation:
The FitnessGram Pacer Test is a multistage aerobic capacity test that progressively gets more difficult as it continues. Students begin at the starting line. Once the test begins, the running speed starts slowly, but gets faster each minute after you hear the signal (beep). A single lap (length of the basketball court), should be completed when you hear this signal (ding). The second time you fail to complete a lap before the sound, your test is over.
How can ocean water at the equator warm the air thousands of miles north
The ocean interacts with the atmosphere in two ways.
The first method is through the exchange of heat, water, and momentum. The ocean, which covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface and contains approximately 97 percent of its surface water, stores vast amounts of energy in the form of heat.
The ocean receives the majority of its heat along the equator, where the amount of solar radiation received is roughly double that received at the poles. As a result, sea surfaces along the equator are much warmer than those at the poles.
Because the ocean and atmosphere are fluid, they move. The speed and direction of air and sea currents are primarily determined by temperature gradients in the atmosphere. As heat rises from the ocean and eventually escapes to warm the overlying atmosphere, it creates air temperature gradients and, as a result, winds.
Winds, in turn, push against the sea surface, driving ocean current patterns. Over time, a complex system of currents developed, allowing the ocean to transport massive amounts of heat to the poles.
Because heat escapes more easily into a cold atmosphere than into a warm one, the northward flow of ocean and air currents is aided by heat escaping into the atmosphere and, eventually, into outer space.
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Need help with the question in the screenshot
Select the correct answer
South America's most populous city is located in which country?
Α. Chile
B. Colombia
C. Brazil
D. Uruguay
one reason for the distribution of tropical rainforests around the world
The equatorial latitude of tropical rainforests and tropical deciduous forests keeps day length and mean temperature fairly constant throughout the year. The sun rises daily to a near-vertical position at noon, ensuring a high level of incoming radiant energy at all seasons. Although there is no cold season during which plants experience unfavorable temperatures that prohibit growth, there are many local variations in climate that result from topography, and these variations influence and restrict rainforest distribution within the tropics.
Tropical rainforests occur in regions of the tropics where temperatures are always high and where rainfall exceeds about 1,800 to 2,500 mm (about 70 to 100 inches) annually and occurs fairly evenly throughout the year. Similar hot climates in which annual rainfall lies between about 800 and 1,800 mm and in which a pronounced season of low rainfall occurs typically support tropical deciduous forests—i.e., rainforests in which up to about three-quarters of the trees lose their leaves in the dry season. The principal determining climatic factor for the distribution of rainforests in lowland regions of the tropics, therefore, is rainfall, both the total amount and the seasonal variation. Soil, human disturbance, and other factors also can be important controlling influences.
The climate is always hot and wet in most parts of the equatorial belt, but in regions to its north and south seasonal rainfall is experienced. During the summer months of the Northern Hemisphere—June to August—weather systems shift northward, bringing rain to regions in the northern parts of the tropics, as do the monsoon rains of India and Myanmar. Conversely, during the Southern Hemisphere’s summer, weather systems move southward, bringing rain from December to February to places such as northern Australia. In these hot, seasonally wet areas grow tropical deciduous forests, such as the teak forests of Myanmar and Thailand. In other locations where conditions are similar but rainfall is not so reliable or burning has been a factor, savannas are found.
Topographic factors influence rainfall and consequently affect rainforest distribution within a region. For example, coastal regions where prevailing winds blow onshore are likely to have a wetter climate than coasts that experience primarily offshore winds.
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Why is James baker the gold standard
James's baker is the gold standard because of his contributions.
Who was James Baker?A lawyer, politician, and statesman, James Addison Baker is from the United States. Republican by affiliation, Before returning as the 16th White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush, he served as the 61st Secretary of State of the United States. He also served as the 67th United States Secretary of the Treasury under President Ronald Reagan.
Prior to joining the US Marine Corps, Baker, who was born in Houston, attended Princeton University and The Hill School. After earning his law degree from the University of Texas School of Law, he pursued a legal profession. In 1970, he supported George H. W. Bush's unsuccessful Senate candidacy and grew to be good friends with the future president.
He worked in several positions following the election., he had no prior experience in government and had scarcely even voted consistently up to that point in his life, moved to Washington in the middle of the 1970s to take a low-level position in the Commerce Department. His father, grandpa, and great-grandfather—all eminent Texas lawyers like Baker himself—had imposed a rigid family philosophy of staying out of politics, and he had only been a Republican for a few years. Baker had followed their example for his first 40 years.
The winning strategies of Jim Baker in Washington.
Titles are meaningless. (However, the quality property does.)Never mislead reporters. (And never forget to call them back; the closer to the deadline, the better.)Never leave the president alone with a group of your opponents.To know more about USA, visit:
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Point RR is located at (-5,1)(−5,1) on the coordinate plane. Point RR is reflected over the xx-axis to create point R'R′. Point R'R ′ is then reflected over the yy-axis to create point R''R ′′ . What ordered pair describes the location of R''? R′′?
R"R" = (5, -1)
It is located in 4th quadrant.
True or false? There is a higher percentage of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere than there is oxygen.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
There is 0.4% of CO2 in the air
There is 21% oxygen in the air
At B you would see stratus clouds.
At B you would see cirrus clouds.
At B you would see cumulonimbus clouds.
At B you would see no clouds.
Which statement is true about the picture?
At b you would see no clouds maybe
Tanzania has africas tallest mountain, Mount Kilimanjaro?
Answer:
This sentence "Tanzania has Africa's tallest mountain, Mount Kilimanjaro?" is TRUE.
Compare these two societies based on their population pyramids. Which THREE statements are true?
A. People live longer in Italy than in Somalia.
B. Italy has a larger population than Somalia.
C. Italy's population is expanding rapidly.
D. Somalia is a growing country.
Young dependents (under the age of 15) and elderly dependents are the two categories of dependents (aged over 65). Dependents rely on the productive for financial support. Thus option A,B,C is correct.
What is the main role of population pyramid?Population pyramids show how a population is made up of different age groups. Women are positioned on the right and males are positioned on the left, representing the population size for each age group.
It provides data on life expectancy as well as birth and death rates. A population pyramid reveals the number of dependents.
Therefore, The number of newborns is represented by the lowest layer, and older cohort figures are found above it.
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Answer:
Its A,B,D kinda late
Explanation:
Just did test
Lines of equal temperature that connect places on weather maps are called
Lines of equal temperature that connect places on weather maps are called Isotherms.
Maximum and minimum temperature maps don't have isotherms, but they have swaths of colours representing equal temperature areas.
These lines are drawn on the map to show the equal distribution of temperature in a particular area.
Isotherms makes is easy to visualize the level of temperature changes per unit distance and in which direction. If they are very close to each other on the map than it means temperature changes rapidly in small distances. On the other hand, if isotherms are widely spaced than it means temperatures don’t change rapidly over small distances.
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Explain one way that a non-dominant language can diffuse to a wider area.
Answer:
some of the ways are as follows:
1. Social variety/multiculturalism: Bilingualism cultivates a receptiveness to migrants,
minority strengthening, minority freedoms, and the statement of exceptional social items
(for example music, writing, film, TV).
2. Political character: Bilingualism endeavours to lay out a neighbourhood, local, or commonplace
government, which permits some degree of self-government and forestalls potential political
struggle.
3. Feeling of spot: Bilingualism gives minority language speakers a sensation of having a place or
worth and produces an interesting social scene (e.g., design, cultivating, signage).
4. Syncretic culture: The utilization of two dialects prompts blended interesting expressions or engineered
jargon, or the utilization of two dialects in a solitary discussion (code-exchanging), which
prompts different social cooperation.
5. Schooling: Bilingual understudies, instead of monolingual understudies, can have more
further developed information, viewpoints, and ranges of abilities.
6. Political linkages: Bilingualism works on political connections and makes extra
partners.
7. Financial benefits: A different language populace can foster worldwide business
potential open doors and advance the travel industry.
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Which subregion of the eastern United States includes the state of Michigan?
Question 1 options:
the Southeast
the Mid-Atlantic
the Midwest
New England
Answer:
The Midwest.
Explanation:
The Midwest includes Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.
6. Why do different parts of the global ocean have different names?
7. What are the names of the continents on Earth?
8. What are the names of the oceans on Earth?
On Earth, there is only one ocean, yet the five oceans have been given many names for geographical, nautical, scientific, and historical reasons.
How many distinct oceans have names?The Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic oceans are the four that have been given names historically. The Southern (Antarctic) Ocean is now regarded as the fifth ocean by the majority of nations, including the United States. The most well-known are the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. The 'newest' named ocean is the Southern Ocean.
What are the 7 continents of Earth's name?Up to seven geographical regions are typically considered to be continents, with the term "continent" generally denoting a convention rather than any specific requirement. These seven regions include Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia, listed from greatest to smallest in terms of area.
What are the world's seven oceans?The Arctic, North and South Atlantic, North and South Pacific, and Indian and Southern Oceans are all part of the Seven Seas. Although there are references to the phrase "Seven Seas" in ancient literature that goes back thousands of years, its exact origin is unknown.
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Weather can be defined as:
a.
The long term pattern of temperature or precipitation in a given region
b.
The short-term pattern of precipitation or temperature in a given region
c.
The long-term pattern of drought versus flooding in a given region
d.
The short-term pattern of wildfires in a given region
Answer:
Whether can be defined as
A.The long term pattern of temperature or precipitation in a given region
The Andean Highlands from present day Colombia to present day central Chile is
historically analogous to
O Mesoamerica.
O the Greater Antilles.
O the Lesser Antilles.
O Baja California.
O None of these.
Anthropology, archaeology, ancient civilizations, social studies, sociology, storytelling, and world historyIn the region that is now known as central Mexico, the Aztecs established an empire in just a century.
Does Colombia fall under Central America?It is generally accepted that all of the nations to the south of Mexico belong to Central America, along with Venezuela and Colombia, two nations in South America. Central American nations include the entirety of the Caribbean Sea.
What gives it its name, Mesoamerica?Paul Kirchhoff, an anthropologist, coined the term "Mesoamerica" (meso is Greek for "middle" or "intermediate") in 1943 to describe these regions as having shared cultural characteristics prior to the European invasion. The term has remained.
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Mark the correct forecast for western Ky.
A) Warmer temperature and a chance for heavy rain-possible storms.
B) falling temperature and a chance for light steady rain.
C) cooler temperatures and a chance for heavy rain- possible storms.
D) clear skies and fair weather do to a high pressure system
The correct forecast for western Ky is option C) cooler temperatures and a chance for heavy rain- possible storms.
What does a weather prediction mean?Simply put, a weather prediction is a scientific projection of the coming weather. The most important meteorological variables are used to express the state of the atmosphere at any particular time as the weather condition. Significant weather factors that are expected vary by location.
Forecasting the weather is important because it can predict how the climate will change in the future. We can calculate the likelihood that snow and hail will reach the surface using latitude. We can determine the thermal energy that the sun is exposing a region to.
Therefore, Making future forecasts is a part of forecasting. Companies utilize forecasting in finance to predict earnings or other statistics for upcoming periods.
From the image attached, you can see that a cloud is forming and this could lead to heavy rainfall.
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Explain the effect of energy crisis under
the following sub-heading.
. Agriculture
. Tourism
. Industries
Agritourism presents a unique opportunity to combine aspects of the tourism and agriculture industries to provide a number of financial, educational, and social benefits to tourists, producers, and communities. Agritourism gives producers an opportunity to generate additional income and an avenue for direct marketing to consumers. It enhances the tourism industry by increasing the volume of visitors to an area and the length of their stay. Agritourism also provides communities with the potential to increase their local tax bases and new employment opportunities. Additionally, agritourism provides educational opportunities to the public, helps to preserve agricultural lands, and allows states to develop business enterprises. While agritourism may create new potential revenue streams, it also presents new legal issues for farmers and landowners.
7. What are the names of the continents on Earth?
Which type of map would be best to find out which states have the most people