The correct statement is " enzymes generally increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy barriers".
The activation energy required to change a reactant together into the product is decreased by enzymes. A reaction that might not be catalyzed by an enzyme is shown on the left, and one that is shown on the right. An enzyme would attach to a reactant as well as speed up the conversion of that reactant together into the product inside an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
In human bodies, enzymes work as catalysts to quicken reactions by assisting in the reduction of the activation energy required to initiate a reaction. The active site is a unique location on each enzyme molecule where even the primary structure interacts with the enzyme.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (A)
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fitting the very long dna strands from a chromosome into the limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling the dna around beads of histones with repeating subunits. these dna-wrapped histones are called:
Fitting the very long DNA strands from a chromosome into the limited space of the nucleus is achieved by coiling the DNA around beads of histones with repeating subunits. these DNA-wrapped histones are nucleosomes.
A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. It consists of a segment of DNA wound around the histone proteins. This structure is often compared to beads on a string. Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of chromatin, higher-order structures of DNA and proteins that make up chromosomes. The nucleosome core particle, defined as the DNA-histone octamer, is the basic unit of chromatin.
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Flow of filtrate through the tubules is elevated. Complete the following statements to indicate the effectS Of IS T re than once, or not at all. G and drop the terms on the left to complete the sentences on the right. Words may be used once, more than once, or not at all. Decreases Filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases when glomerular filtration rate
releasing When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, reabsorption of sodium chloride by the tubule
vasoconstricting When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the concentration of sodium chloride remaining in the filtrate
not releasing When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the macula densa responds by vasoconstrictors
increases When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the afferent arteriole responds by
vasodilating
Decreases Filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases when glomerular filtration rate releasing When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, reabsorption of sodium chloride by the tubule.
The nephron, a functional unit of the kidney, is made up of structures called renal tubules. Nephron functions include controlling the balance of water and body electrolytes, reabsorption of glomerular filtrate, and secretion of waste products. The majority of reabsorption takes place in the proximal contoured tubule of the renal tubules. Electrolyte equilibrium is affected by Henle's handling. Distal contoured tubule in charge of secreting chemicals for elimination.99% of the glomerular filtrate can be reabsorbed by the renal tubules. Since the tube flow is dependent on the rate of glomerular filtrate, which is roughly 120 millilitres per minute, an increase in glomerular filtrate will result in an increase in both the amount of filtered fluid flowing and the amount that flows.
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which of the following is true of a nonsense suppressor mutation? group of answer choices it reverts the mutant genotype to the wild type dna sequence it prevents binding of a translation termination/release factor it is always located in the anticodon loop of a trna it results in a protein with the wild type amino acid sequence it can restore the wild type phenotype of a gene with a single nucleotide deletion mutation
A second mutation that affects the translational machinery can produce a nonsense suppressor. With this mutation, the cell can respond to the nonsense codon by insertion of an amino acid, leading to a wild-type or nearly wild-type phenotype.
What takes place in nonsense mutations?DNA undergoes nonsense mutations when a sequence change results in a stop codon rather than a codon that specifies an amino acid. The new stop codon leads to the creation of a truncated protein that is probably not functional.
What impact does a suppressor mutation have?In a procedure known as synthetic rescue, a suppressor mutation is a second mutation that lessens or reverses the phenotypic effects of an already existing mutant. Therefore, genetic suppression brings back the phenotype that existed before the original background mutation.
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Patrick offered a house for sale to Peter, who agreed to buy at the stated price. Peter was however under the impression that the land on which it stood was a part the deal. Patrick gave peter the title deed for the house but not the land. Peter took Patrick to court. what was likely outcome of the case???????
Answer: it depends on what was on the contract for the sale peter should've asked Patrick if the land was included if Patrick didn't have it put in the contract for the land to also be sold then peter waisted his time and money
Explanation:
proton-pump inhibitors are drugs that block the secretions of gastric acids. which cells are affected by these drugs? proton-pump inhibitors are drugs that block the secretions of gastric acids. which cells are affected by these drugs? diffuse neuroendocrine system (dnes) cells mucous neck cells chief cells parietal cells
Drugs called parietal cells prevent the stomach juices from being secreted.
Proton pump inhibitors transport what kinds of chemicals into the stomach?Acid activates proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are prodrugs. Gastric H+, K+-ATPase and activated PPI are bonded covalently by a disulfide bond. PPIs bind to Cys813, which is the main location that inhibits the acid pump enzyme.
How do proton pump inhibitors impact stomach acid?Gastric H,K-ATPase is blocked by proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which reduces the production of gastric acid. As part of combination regimens, this effect allows for the healing of peptic ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), Barrett's esophagus, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and Helicobacter pylori eradication.
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I need help, there are more questions.. but ill post them afterwards.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. biogeochemical cycle, any of the natural pathways by which essential elements of living matter are circulated. The term biogeochemical is a contraction that refers to the consideration of the biological, geological, and chemical aspects of each cycle.
nitrogen cycle
nitrogen cycle
Elements within biogeochemical cycles flow in various forms from the nonliving (abiotic) components of the biosphere to the living (biotic) components and back. In order for the living components of a major ecosystem (e.g., a lake or a forest) to survive, all the chemical elements that make up living cells must be recycled continuously. Each biogeochemical cycle can be considered as having a reservoir (nutrient) pool—a larger, slow-moving, usually abiotic portion—and an exchange (cycling) pool—a smaller but more-active portion concerned with the rapid exchange between the biotic and abiotic aspects of an ecosystem.
2. oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
If a woman is homozygous for red hair and her husband is homozygous for brown hair, what is the probability that they will have a redheaded child?
A. 0%
B 100%
c. 50%
To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to homozygous. Therefore, 0% is the probability that they will have a redheaded child. The correct option is option A.
What is homozygous?Having identical genes for only one attribute is what is meant by being homozygous. Additionally, an allele denotes a single distinct variant of a gene.
Since it is unknown which characteristic is recessive. If we think of brown hair as the dominant characteristic, denoted by R, and red hair as the recessive trait, signified by R. Dad is RR, while mom is RR. All offspring will be heterozygous since they will all be Rr. The likelihood of producing a kid having red hair from either the original parents is thus 0%.
Therefore, 0% is the probability that they will have a redheaded child. The correct option is option A.
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which lead reciprocal views may show heart injury of the inferior wall of the left ventricle when the normal lead views from leads ii, iii, and avf may show no injury?
When lead images from leads I and a VL lead are taken reciprocally, a left ventricular damage to the inferior wall of the heart injury may be visible.
What is the duration of a chest injury?Your type of damage and the severity of your wound will determine how much pain you experience and how long it might continue. In general, it takes roughly 4-6 weeks for cracked ribs and sternums to heal, and it is common to still experience some discomfort after this time. Healing from bruises can take two to four weeks.
When a chest injury becomes serious ?Significant chest damage when pain or breathing problems appear right away after an injury, the lungs, heart, or blood vessels inside the chest may have been harmed. Other symptoms, such as extreme breathlessness or shock-related symptoms, frequently appear suddenly.
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A) what is the gender of the individual?
B) could this be the karyotype of a human sperm cell? Explain you reasoning.
C) what evidence is there of non-disjunction
A karyotype is the chromosomic dotation of an individual. It is a representation of all the chromosomes present in a cell. A) The individual is a male. B) This si not the karyotype of a sperm cell. C) A trisomy in pair 16 is evidence of non-disjunction.
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a term used to refer to the complete set of an individual's chromosomes. It refers to the total number of chromosomes found in each individual cell. The karyotype is the individual's chromosomic dotation.
Each species has its own karyotype because the number of chromosomes per species might vary. For instance,
The karyotype of human beings is composed of 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes. The karyotype of Drosophila melanogaster is composed of 4 pairs of chromosomes.
Whenever there is affection, karyotypes might vary among individuals of the same species. For example, people affected by Down syndrome have 47 chromosomes in pair 21 because of a chromosomic segregation failure during meiosis.
The karyotype concept can also be used to refer to clinical diagnosis.
When looking at the exposed karyotype, we can say that,
A) The individual is a male because there is an X and a Y chromosome.
B) This is a human being's karyotype but does not belong to a sperm cell.
Let us remember that sperm cells are gametes, and gametes are haploid. The number of chromosomes found in gametes is 23.
This karyotype represents a diploid cell with 44 autosomes and 2 sexual chromosomes aligned and paired with their homologous chromosome.
C) There is a trisomy in what should be pair 16. There are three chromosomes instead of two. This fact is evidence of a failure in homologous chromosome segregation during the anaphase of meiosis (non-disjunction).
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which molecules synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants
Glucose is a chemical that both plants and animals can produce and is a primary source of energy for cellular operations.
What is glucose?
Blood sugar, usually referred to as glucose, is the main sugar found in your blood.It comes from the food you eat and is the main energy source in your body.All of the cells in your body utilize glucose, which is transported by blood, to provide energy. Your blood sugar levels are excessively high if you have diabetes.Although there are many different kinds of carbohydrates, the body primarily uses glucose. Fructose and other sugars are converted into glucose and used as an energy source.All plants contain glucose, a sugar that has been solubilized. In addition to being a universal source of carbon, glucose also functions in plants as a signaling molecule, controlling a variety of metabolic activities.From germination to senescence, a variety of plant processes are controlled by glucose.Therefore, Glucose is the molecule that is the major source of energy
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when a vector that employs the lac z gene as a second marker is used in a cloning experiment, bacteria that harbor the recombinant dna will give rise to a. red colonies. b. blue colonies. c. all of the choices are correct. d. white colonies. 0.2 points
Bacteria that harbor the recombinant DNA will give rise to white colonies. Thus, option D is correct.
Bacteria develop on strong media as colonies. A colony is characterized as an obvious mass of microorganisms all beginning from a single mother cell, in this manner a colony constitutes a clone of microbes all hereditarily alike.
In the recognizable proof of microbes and organisms, much weight is put on how the life form develops in or on media. This workout will assist you to distinguish the social characteristics of a bacterium on an agar plate - called colony morphology.
Plasmids that are commonly utilized in quality cloning are around 3000 nucleotide sets in length, have an ampicillin resistance quality, and have a quality that encodes the protein beta-galactosidase.
The quality encoding this chemical is called the LacZ or blue color quality. The beta-galactosidase chemical will utilize galactose sugar as a substrate.
In case an uncommon form of this sugar called X-gal is put within the media, a flawless thing happens interior the microbes that have the blue color quality.
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condition associated with sideropenia, causing deficient production of hemoglobin: a.iron deficiency anemia b.pernicious anemia c.hemolytic anemia d.thalassemia e.aplastic anemia
Condition associated with sideropenia, causing deficient production of hemoglobin "aplastic anemia".
People having pernicious anemia frequently have extremely low hemoglobin levels but little hemoglobin-related symptoms, like exhaustion. Additionally, they can have low numbers of platelets, which are necessary to clot blood as well as stop bleeding, and white blood cells, which are crucial in fighting infections.
Megaloblastic anaemia can have a variety of reasons, but the most frequent one in children is a folic acid or vitamin B-12 deficiency. These are some additional sources of megaloblastic anaemia: intestinal ailments Megaloblastic anaemia can be caused by specific lower digestive tract illnesses.
Therefore, the correct answer will be (e)
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undifferentiated blood cell: a.hematopoietic stem cell b.thrombocyte c.lymphocyte d.segmented cell e.granulocyte
Undifferentiated blood cells are hematopoietic stem cells.
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is the sole type of cell that makes up the mammalian blood system, which is composed of more than ten distinct mature cell types.
Undifferentiated and multipotent, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the potential to transform into any and all blood cells, including lymphoid- and myeloid-lineage cells.HSCs can be found in a variety of organs, including umbilical cord blood (UCB), bone marrow (BM), and peripheral blood (PB). Functional maturation of a small population of multipotent HSCs that are capable of self-renewal and differentiation is the process by which all blood cell lineages are created.
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through what mechanisms does the hypothalamus control the production or release of hormones from the pituitary gland? how do its effects on the anterior and posterior portions of the pituitary differ?
The hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal veins deliver hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones directly to the anterior pituitary gland.
Distinct anterior pituitary cell receptors bind to specific hypothalamus hormones, controlling the release of the hormones those cells generate.Your hypothalamus connects to the anterior pituitary lobe via hormones and the posterior pituitary lobe by nerve impulses via that stalk. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are likewise produced by your hypothalamus, which also instructs your posterior pituitary when to store and release these hormones.The hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal veins deliver hypothalamic releasing and inhibitory hormones directly to the anterior pituitary gland. Distinct anterior pituitary cell receptors bind to specific hypothalamus hormones, controlling the release of the hormones those cells generate. Your hypothalamus connects to the anterior pituitary lobe via hormones and the posterior pituitary lobe by nerve impulses via that stalk. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are likewise produced by your hypothalamus, which also instructs your posterior pituitary when to store and release these hormones.It releases several hormones into the bloodstream that function as messengers, carrying signals from the pituitary gland to far-off cells and controlling their activity. For instance, the mammary glands in the breasts are stimulated to create milk by the hormone prolactin, which is produced by the pituitary gland.To know more about hypothalamus
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Tavon wants to conduct a survey asking parents about their spending habits for their children.
Tavon should adhere to responsible ethical practices in his research. Which one of the following behaviors must be completed?
A. Tavon must record the names and ages of the children.
B. Tavon must pay the parents with money or a gift card for their time.
C. Tavon must see the parents' bank records to make sure they are telling the truth.
D. Tavon must keep the families' names in the study confidential and private.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A. would infringe on safeguarding and ethical grounds
B. not adhering to ethical guidelines, no guarantee for confidentiality
C. would also infringe on safeguarding and ethical grounds
in the control sample histogram, does the population of cells in the s phase show a distinct peak? why or why not?
No, As the S phase develops, the amount of DNA in each cell varies, giving the S phase cells a variety.
What about histogram?A histogram is a graphic representation of data that uses bars of various heights.A histogram's bars divide numbers into ranges.More data falls inside that range, as shown by taller bars.The form and distribution of continuous sample data are shown in a histogram. It is used to display summaries of discrete or continuous data that have been interval-scaled. It is frequently used to conveniently depict the main characteristics of the data distribution. While bar charts show categorical variables, histograms show quantitative or numerical data. The majority of the time, a histogram's numerical data will be continuous (having infinite values).It would be impossible to show every potential value of a continuous variable along an axis. A collection of rectangles with bases and the spaces between class boundaries can be referred to as a histogram. Each rectangular bar represents some type of data, and every rectangle is next to another. Rectangle heights are inversely correlated with matching frequencies for both similar and dissimilar groups. Large amounts of data as well as the frequency of the data values can be seen in histograms. A histogram can be used to find the data's median and distribution. It might also highlight any anomalies.Learn more about histogram here:
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Which choice best describes when a cell becomes 1n?
The best choice that describes a cell becoming 1n is option A, after meiosis when forming a gamete
What is the process of meiosis?In prophase 1, a crossing occurs between homologous chromosomes before they are lined up in the metaphase plate is called meiosis. During this process, homologous chromosomes are separated to form daughter cells in the first division to create what are called haploid cells, 1n cells.
The primary function of meiosis is to reduce gametes from being diploid (2n) to haploid (1n). These 1n cells now contain a set of 23 chromosomes instead of 2 sets.
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A motorcycle is moving at a constant speed of 40 km/h. How long does it 1
take the motorcycle to travel a distance of 8 km?
Your answer
Calculating with the definition of speed, it will take the motorcycle 0.2 h (12 minutes) to travel a distance of 8 km.
First, you have to know that speed is a measurement quantity that explains the relationship between the distance travelled by an motorcycle in the given case. Thus the speed is linked with the change of position of motorcycle in distance within a definite amount of time.
The speed can be calculated using the following formula;
In the given case;
speed= 40
distance travelled= 8 km
time= ?
Putting this into the definition of speed:
solution;
40 × time= 8 km
time= 8 km÷ 40
time= 0.2 h= 12 minutes (because, 1 h=60 minutes)
If we conclude, it will take the motorcycle 0.2 hr (12 minutes) to travel a distance of 8 km.
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the continental margins of the east and west cost of the united states are very different. Are there tectonic differences?
The west coast is considered the active margin where earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains are formed whereas the Eastern Seaboard is a passive margin.
What continental margin is the western United States?Continental margins commonly fall into two classes: "active" and "passive." The West Coast of the United States is an active margin that is distinguished by rugged coastlines with narrow beaches and steep sea cliffs. The continental margin of western North America is close to a set of plate boundaries. There are convergent boundaries, like where there is diminution off of the Pacific Northwest. There is a transform boundary that is present in the San Andreas Fault. The “Pacific Ocean” is marked by the active continental margins which are mainly the narrow tectonically active areas related to the volcanoes,
So we can conclude that a continental margin is the outer edge of continental crust abutting oceanic crust under coastal waters.
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if your skin and the whites of your eyes appear yellow, what is not being excreted? group of answer choices globin chains biocarbonate ion carbon dioxide heme carbonic acid
Heme group is not being excreted. This is the reason for skin and white of eyes to turn yellow.
In vitro and in vivo, TinIV-protoporphyrin IX (Sn-protoporphyrin) potently inhibits heme breakdown to bilirubin. In experimental animals, including primates, it totally controls neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Additionally, it lowers plasma bilirubin levels in several types of induced or naturally occurring jaundice in both humans and animals.
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case study review the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. how is fertilizer runoff related to algal blooms?
Fertilizer runoff leads to excess nutrient and promotes algal blooms. The major nutrient responsible for algal bloom is nitrogen and phosphorus.
Nutrient pollution, or an excess of the vital plant nutrients phosphorous and nitrogen, is what can cause blooms. These substances enter rivers through a variety of pathways, including point sources (such as industrial and wastewater treatment plant discharges), nonpoint sources (such as septic tanks and stormwater runoff from cities, farms, and residential areas), and nutrient-rich rainfall. The ideal triad of temperature, sunlight, and low flow can cause an algal bloom when the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in a body of water rise. Although nitrogen and phosphorus are present in nature and are vital plant nutrients, an excess of these nutrients can lead to serious ecological imbalances in a water body, with blooms as one symptom.
Stormwater ponds in Florida frequently have large populations of algae during the warmer months. The purpose of stormwater facilities is to collect polluted runoff. The ponds aid in the removal of sediment and nutrients before these pollutants enter sensitive waterways.
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Question 1 (1.5 points)
Why did environmental policies became essential as the US population began to
grow more quickly?
Environmental policies became essential as the US population began to
grow more quickly because as more individuals acted out of self respect rather than communal goods, resources began to be depleted and is denoted as option D.
What is a Policy?
This is referred to as a general guideline that is used as a basis for making decisions. There are different types of policies and in a country are usually passed by the government after meeting the requirements stated in the constitution.
Population and availability of resources have a direct relationship. As population began to increase, the need for resources began to increase also which is why there was the need for the provision of environmental policies so to make sure that there is no scarcity and makes it the correct choice.
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if heterozygous round crossed with homozygous round produce 2400 plant how many plant are pure round
If a heterozygous round plant is crossed with a homozygous round plant then from the 2400 plants produced, 1200 will be pure round plants. Pure round plants are homozygous for the trait.
What are genes?Genes are the units of hereditary information. Genes carry the genetic information about the various characteristics in an organism in the form of sequences of amino acids and nucleotides.
Mendel described in his laws that genes present on DNA carry the genetic information which is transferred to the offspring during reproduction. Each gene has a pair of alleles which are responsible for contrasting character such as in case of plant height, two alleles are present from which one is dominant which is tall and the other one if short or dwarf which is recessive.
The number of plants which are pure red = 1/2 of the total plants produced or 50% of the total F1 progeny.
Thus, number of pure round plants = 1/2 × 2400
Number of pure round plants = 1200
Therefore, there will be 1200 pure round plants produced by the cross between heterozygous round plant and homozygous round plant.
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olfactory neurons have the capacity to regenerate in adulthood, while brain neurons do not. why is it thought olfactory neurons adapted this function?
Compared to all other cranial nerves, the olfactory nerve is unique due to its inherent ability to regenerate.
What is olfactory nerve?Olfactory sensory neurons is located in the nasal epithelium that detects and transmits odorant information to the central nervous system. This requires that these neurons form a specific neuronal connections within the olfactory bulb and express receptors and signaling molecules particularly for these functions.
After peripheral sensory neurons detects an odorant ,the signal is relayed to the OB in the brain. This portion of the olfactory system that is the OB is also a subject to modification by lifelong neurogenesis.
Olfactory nerve is the first cranial nerve and this nerve enables your olfactory system and also sense of smell.
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in a cross of a homozygous dominant individual with green peas to a homozygous recessive individual with yellow peas, what are the expected genotype frequencies for the offspring?
Mendel noted in his breeding studies that 100% of the YG progeny will have a yellow phenotype because the Y (yellow) allele is dominant over the G (green) allele in pea plants.
Heterozygous genotype refers to an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This genotype's designation in our case is Bb. Finally, homozygous recessive refers to an organism's genotype that consists of two recessive alleles. This genotype is represented as bb in the example of the eye colour.
A mating experiment between two organisms that are equally hybrid for two traits is referred to as a dihybrid cross. A heterozygous organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a certain genetic location, making it a hybrid.
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During _____of the cell cycle, the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
During interphase the cell cycle, the cell grows and replicates both its organelles and its chromosomes.
Cell organelles are the sub-cellular components that work in order to keep the cell functional and alive. These reside in the cytoplasm of the cell. The various cell organelles are nucleus, mitochondria, lysosomes, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.
Chromosomes are the most compact form of genetic material. It is comprised of the DNA and histone proteins. Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined together at the centromere. This is the form of DNA which is inherited from parents to offspring during the cell division.
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A protein that is found in the Golgi apparatus was synthesized:
a. in the nucleus.
b. on ribosomes located in the smooth ER.
c. on ribosomes bound to the rough ER.
d. on ribosomes located in the chloroplast.
e. on ribosomes located in the cytoplasm..
The Golgi apparatus processes and sorts proteins from the ER for transport to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. Therefore, option (C) is correct.
What are golgi apparatus?Proteins obtained from the ER are further processed and sorted in the Golgi apparatus, or Golgi complex, where they are eventually transported to lysosomes, the plasma membrane, or secretion. As was already mentioned, the Golgi also produces sphingomyelin and glycolipids.
The flattened cisternae and related vesicles make up the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus' cis face is where proteins and lipids from the ER enter, and its trans face is where they leave.
The transport, sorting, and modification of both protein and lipid are the three main tasks performed by the Golgi apparatus, and these tasks are reflected in the protein makeup of the organelle.
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PLS HELP ITS FOR MY EATH SCIENCE CLASS?!?!
Our closest exoplanet and Earth-sized planet is Proxima Centauri b.
Proxima Centauri b is in the habitable zone, but why is it not a suitable
Earth 2.0?
A enormous amounts of radiation from mega flares hit the planet
roughly once every year
B it lacks an atmosphere, therefore most likely lacks water
C extreme temperature changes on the surface
D all of the above
Answer:
A
Explanation:
https://phys.org/news/2018-04-proxima-centauri-flare-powerful-visible.html
B cannot be correct because there is in fact, water on Proxima Centauri B.
It most likely isn't C, I researched for any truth in answer C but I couldn't find any.
Hope this helps! I'm really sorry if I'm wrong because I tried very hard to look for a solid answer :[
175,000 kcal/m2/yr , and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000kcal/m2/yr . what is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?
The total energy exchanged during photosynthesis for this environment is 290,000 cal/m2/yr.
The term "net primary productivity" refers to the amount of energy retained by an environment's biomass when energy is released for metabolism and maintenance. Net primary productivity, as opposed to gross primary productivity, refers to the total energy input into the ecosystem before taking into account energy loss.
Net primary productivity (NPP) is calculated mathematically as Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) - Respiration.
NPP = 175,000 cal/m2/yr for the pine forest, and respiration = 115,000 cal/m2/yr, hence GPP = 175,000 + 115,000 = 290,000 cal/m2/yr.
Therefore, 290,000 cal/m2/yr of energy is transported throughout photosynthesis for the environment as a whole.
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During each energy conversion that happens in a living organism, some of the energy dissipates as.
During each energy conversion that happens in a living organism, some of the energy dissipates as heat.
In almost all of the reaction that takes place in an organism, some of the energy is released as heat. An exothermic process will always release heat.
Almost all of the reactions that occur in our body lose energy in the form of heat.
The level of dissipation of heat depends on various factors such as the temperature, the reaction that is occurring, etc. If a reaction is a high-intensity one, more energy will be lost as heat.
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