The two species that are closer relatives in terms of evolution include chinook salmon and white shark.
What is evolution?Evolution refers to a common origin in different organisms, and the main evolutionary mechanism is natural selection.
Humans, chinook salmons and white sharks belong to Chordate Phylum, but these last two are closer form an evolutionary point of view.
In conclusion, the two species that are closer include chinook salmon and white shark.
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The spinal cord contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that send information between the cns and the periphery. This illustrates which function of the spinal cord?.
The spinal cord which contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that send information between the CNS and the periphery. The function illustrated by the spinal cord is conduction.
The spinal cord is an extended part of the central nervous system. the spinal cord contains vertebrae which are lined with discs for providing support. But apart from this most importantly the spinal cord contains nerves and nerve fibers that send information to both the central and peripheral nervous system. The pons in the brain is responsible for enhancing the conduction performed by the spinal cord. The pons contain nerve fibers which are responsible for forming tracts that make conduction easier by the spinal cord.
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If [e]t was the concentration of lactase in the kinetics trials, what expression gives the concentration of lactase in the commercial preparation of this enzyme?
DF = 1/250 x 1/2
Vt = Et
Vf = final concentration of lactase in the commercial preparation
DF = Vt / Vf
Vf = Vt / DF
Vf = Et / (1/250)(1/2)
Vf = Et x 500
The commercial preparation was first diluted by 1 - 250 to prepare the stock solution, and it was further diluted by 1 -2 by mixing with the substrate stock solution to perform the kinetics experiments.
Therefore, the dilution factor is done when you take whatever you initial volume was - in this case 1mL - and divide it by the new diluted volume - 0.1mL + 25mL. Then we get is 0.1/25.1, which is more easily solved as 1/250.
Since, this was a double dilution, 1mL of the initial dilution was diluted further with 1mL of substrate. So the second dilution factor will be 1/(1+1) = 1/2.
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The Conservation Reserve Program pays farmers to ________. grow native crops such as corn and beans experiment growing new varieties of GM crops stop growing tobacco pasture cattle instead of growing crops stop cultivating highly erodible land
The Conservation Reserve Program pays farmers to stop cultivating highly erodible land.
The Conservation Reserve Program is a cost-share and rental payment program of the united states department of Agriculture. CRP is a land conservation program administered by the Farm carrier enterprise (FSA). In change for every year rental price, farmers enrolled in the program agree to put off environmentally sensitive land from agricultural production and plant species in order to improve environmental health and quality.
The long-term purpose of the program is to re-establish valuable land cover to help improve water quality, prevent soil erosion, and decrease the loss of flora and fauna.
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Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called?
Powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few times each day in the colon are called mass movements.
The muscles that line your gastrointestinal track automatically contract and relax in a wave-like motion known as peristalsis.Peristalsis, which starts in the throat when you swallow and continues through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines as you digest, is the movement of food through your digestive system.During defecation, peristaltic waves that are referred to as mass movement propel feces obdurately in the direction of the rectum.The large intestine contracts slowly but forcefully during mass movements, which transport undigested waste to the rectum for defecation via the anus.They resemble longer-lasting, stronger peristaltic contractions.
3–4 times every day.
primarily in the sigmoid, descending, and transverse colons, produced by smooth muscle contractions in the circular layer.
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The cells of plants and animals are similar, except for a few different structures. Which structures are only found in plant cells?
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
cell membrane
lysosomes
peroxisomes
vesicles
large central vacuole
Golgi complex
cytoskeleton
mitochondria
cell wall
Answer:
large central vacuole
cell wall
Explanation:
Let me clear some things up for you. There are two types of cells - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. The principle difference between these types of cells are the structure of their genome. In case of prokaryotes, the genomic matter do not have a defined structure, it just kind of floats around in the protoplasm. But in the eukaryotes, the genome is more structured, have all kinds of proteins associated with them, and is surrounded by a two layered sack called the nuclear membrane. Both plant and animal cells have these feature of structured nucleus, therefore, they are both eukaryotes.
Now for the difference between plant and animal cells. the features you mentioned are unique about plant cells, but do not rule them out from being eukaryotes, as the 'true' structure of the nucleus is still there. Cell walls are necessary for the plant cells because plants do not posses an endoskeleton like most of the animals do. The cell wall makes the whole plant rigid so they don't fall apart or appear like a blob. Chloroplast is where photosynthesis happens, so it should most definitely be in a plant cell. Animals don't do photosynthesis so they don't have chloroplasts. Vacuoles are also present in animal cells, but they are much smaller, greater in number, and are known as lysosomes. Functionally they are virtually the same.
ANSWER:
Both plants and animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms and most of the organelles in cells of animals and plants are similar, such as cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes.
However, there are some organelles that are only found in plant or animal cells. Organelles that are found only in plant cells include chloroplasts, cell wall, and large central vacuoles. The cell wall provides rigidity and protection to the plant cells, chloroplast help in photosynthesis, and large vacuoles act as storage organelles.
Thus, the correct options are 'chloroplasts, cell wall, and large central vacuole.'
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What is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism if you see seven chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids
Answer:
Metaphase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism if we see seven chromosomes, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids.
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Meiosis II prophase is the stage of cell division in a diploid organism, each consisting of a pair of sister chromatids
There are four crucial processes that take place during prophase II of meiosis II. These include chromatin condensation into chromosomes, thinning of the nuclear envelope, centrosome movement to either pole and re-building of the spindle apparatus. Centrosomes do not exist in every cell, though.
Both of the daughter cells that were created during meiosis I go through meiosis II. The process of cell division starts right away because DNA replication does not occur during this second meiotic stage. Prophase II sets up the cell for meiosis II, which results in the production of four haploid cells, each of which has half the genetic material that was previously present in the original, duplicated diploid cell.
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What are the three reasons why the cpi is hard to measure accurately?
The three main reasons why the CPI is hard to measure accurately include the following below:
New products to buyNew ways for consumers to buy them.Inflation and taxes.What is CPI?
This is referred to as consumer price index and helps to measure the change in consumer prices from a weighted average market basket of consumer goods and services.It is also used in determining the prices as a result of different factors such as inflation being taken into consideration.
CPI is however difficult to measure accurately as a result of the constant new product formation and the different ways and manner in which the consumers use the product at that point in time.
The aforementioned are therefore the reasons why they were chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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You are part of a research group experimenting with signaling molecules that would tell cancer cells to stop dividing. The cancer cells have inactive receptors on their plasma membrane so you need an alternate method of getting the signals into the cells. What could you use
Gap junctions for direct contact is used to cancer cells have inactive receptors on their plasma membrane so you need an alternate method of getting the signals into the cells.
What about cancer cell?The MAP kinase route, which controls cell proliferation, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathwayIt controls cell metabolism and survival, are the two RAS signaling pathways that are most frequently linked to cancer.Signaling pathways are affected by cancer-causing mutations. The genomic changes in cancer cells can be linked to signaling pathways that regulate tumor-related functions and put in the perspective of distorted larger signaling networks that promote cancer progression.To transmit signals from the extracellular environment to the cell nucleus, where they activate particular genes necessary for cell division, growth, and differentiation.Learn more about gap junction here:
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Mitochondria contain circular strands of _____, similar to that found in many prokaryotes.
Mitochondria contain circular strands of DNA similar to that found in many prokaryotes.Most important are those striking similarities between prokaryotes and mitochondria.
Each mitochondria is its own circular DNA genome like a bacteria's genome , but that is much smaller than mitochondria genome. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in size to prokaryotic cells and their division by splitting /fission similar to prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes lack mitochondria ATP present on their cell membrane surface.Bacteria and mitochondria are also similar in the light of genetic elements -both contain circular DNA and divide through fission. Mitrochondria have plump,jellybeans like shapes which is similar to rod shaped bacilli bacteria.
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Calculate the minute ventilation for the 5mm tube and then for the 3 mm tube. What effect does decreasing tube radius have on resistance and minute ventilation?
Calculating minute ventilation, this formula should be used:
Minute ventilation = tidal volume x respiratory rate (normal is 4-6 L/min) Tidal volume = alveolar space + dead space.What is minute ventilation?Minute ventilation is the tidal volume times the respiratory rate, usually, 500 mL × 12 breaths/min = 6000 mL/min.
Therefore, the 5mm tube will be calculated as:
500 x 15= 7,500 mL/min.
And the 3mm tube will be calculated as:
65 x 15= 975mL/min
The effect decreasing the tube radius will have on increased resistance and minute ventilation is that there will be a decrease in the tube minute ventilation.
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The thin skin that appears to form on water’s surface occurs because of
The thin skin that appears to form on the water’s surface occurs because of capillarity.
What is capillarity?Capillarity is a physical property of water (H2O) associated with the movement of its molecules.
Capillarity refers to the propensity of water molecules to ascend and decay due to surface tension.
In conclusion, the thin skin that appears to form on the water is due to capillarity.
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Which body composition measuring system uses the volume of a controlled chamber compared to body volume to determine bodyfat percentage? Body mass index (BMI) Skinfold measurements Bioelectrical impedance (BI) Air displacement plethysmography (ADP)
Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measures the volume of a controlled chamber compared to body volume to determine body fat percentage.
What is Air displacement plethysmography (ADP)?A two-component model called air displacement plethysmography (ADP) measures mass and volume, allowing for an assessment of body density (Db). This allows for the estimate of fat and fat-free mass using body density, which is calculated by dividing mass by volume (FFM).
With air-displacement plethysmography, an object's volume is indirectly determined by calculating how much air it displaces inside a sealed chamber (plethysmograph). Therefore, a patient is placed inside the chamber and their body volume is measured by how much air they can move while sitting within.
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The urinary system does all of the following except A. excreting excess albumin molecules. B. regulating blood volume. C. eliminating organic waste products. D. regulating plasma concentrations of electrolytes.
The urinary system does all of the functions above except regulating blood volume (option B).
What is excretory system?The excretory system is the collection of organs that work together to remove or eject material that has no further use from the body.
The urinary system is a part of the excretory system that deals with the removal of urinary waste products.
The urinary system has the following functions:
excreting excess albumin moleculeseliminating organic waste productsregulating plasma concentrations of electrolytesTherefore, the urinary system does all of the functions above except regulating blood volume.
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Plssss help answer must be two lines
Answer:
Explanation:
When the chemical 'x' was added to the plant at the time of 5.0, the Chemical (mineral) intake took at a fast pace of .5 sec (as shown in graph).
The Mineral is transported to the whole plant body via Xylem.
a,u
The chemical started to react the plant at 7.5 mins
Besides chemical buffers and renal function, what other mechanism regulates the pH of the internal environment
Besides chemical buffers and renal function, Respiratory system regulates the pH of the internal environment.
The three key processes the body employs to control pH are as follows. The first line of defense is a chemical buffer, followed by the respiratory system and, finally, the renal system. Together, these three systems help to maintain the body's pH within that certain range.Compounds that substitute weaker acids or bases for stronger ones. They aid organisms in keeping the pH of bodily fluids within the limited range required for survival by reducing broad pH changes (usually pH 6-8).The bicarbonate buffer mechanism in the respiratory system keeps the blood's pH stable. The equation above shifts to the left because it is in balance as the pH of the blood lowers and the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood increases.learn more about pH of the internal environment here: https://brainly.com/question/1596662
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Which term describes the practice of placing clients with the same infection in a semi private room?
The term that describes the practice of placing clients with the same infection in a semi private room is called Patient cohorting.
What is Patient cohorting?Patient cohorting is defined as the strategy used by health personnel such as nurses to limit the spread of infection from one patient to another and from patients to the health workers.
It is defined as the placement of patients exposed to or infected with the same laboratory-confirmed pathogen in the same inpatient room/geographic area.
It is also a strategy which can be used when patient requirements for private rooms exceed capacity.
The importance of this strategy is to limit the spread of the disease causing microorganisms.
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What is the term for biodiversity that results from few ancestral species
Adaptive radiation is the term for biodiversity that results from a few ancestral species.
What is biodiversity?The term biodiversity (from “biological diversity”) guides to the mixture of life on Earth at all its levels, from genes to ecosystems, and can contain the evolutionary, ecological, and cultural functions that sustain life.
Biodiversity includes not only species we consider rare, endangered, or endangered but also every living thing—from humans to organisms we understand little about, such as microbes, fungi, and invertebrates.At the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, we have human and human cultural diversity as a component of biodiversity. We use the term “biocultural” to represent the occupied, always evolving, and connected nature of people and place, and the notion that sociable and biological measurements are interrelated. This vision recognizes that human use, knowledge, and beliefs influence, and in favor are influenced, by the ecological methods of which human residents are a part.To learn more about biodiversity, refer to:
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he coronary sinus is a modified vein that collects venous blood from all areas of the heart and drains it directly into the left atrium of the heart.
The given statement that the coronary sinus is a modified vein that collects venous blood from all areas of the heart and drains it directly into the left atrium of the heart is true
What is coronary sinus?On the backside of the left atrium, within the left atrioventricular groove, is the coronary sinus, a sizable venous structure. The coronary sinus is responsible for removing venous blood from the bulk of the heart. Between the right atrioventricular orifice, the fossa ovalis, and the inferior vena cava aperture, it enters the right atrium. A thin, semicircular endocardial fold, also known as the Thebesian valve, frequently protects the coronary sinus.
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Rouleaux formation is characterized by _______. Rouleaux formation is characterized by _______. an increase in ESR an increase in ESR and a decrease in fibrinogen production a decrease in fibrinogen production a decrease in ESR and a decrease in fibrinogen production a decrease in ESR
Correct answer is A. Rouleaux formation is characterized by an increase in ESR.
What is Rouleaux formation in ESR?Since rouleaux formation is primarily determined by elevated levels of plasma fibrinogen and globulin.ESR primarily reflects changes in plasma proteins associated with acute and chronic infections, some tumors, and degenerative diseases. Under such circumstances, the ESR value is much higher than 20 mm/h.In inflammatory conditions, fibrinogen, other coagulation proteins, and alpha globulin become positively charged, increasing ESR.To learn more about RBCs from the given link
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Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell? group of answer choices ribosomes around organelles plasma membrane flagella b and c
Answer: plasma membrane
Explanation:
When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they tend to?
When people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.
What is self overestimation?Self overestimation refers to the judgment calculation which tends to be excessively favorable for the person who is comparing with others.
Self overestimation is a common problem when people need to have a conception of a particular trait of the feature, , but this phenomenon is associated with biases that distort the real value of the trait.
In conclusion, when people are asked to rate one of their own personality traits, they generally tend to rate at a higher scale for the trait when compared to others.
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Looking at your results from the molecular evidence lab, which animal was most closely related to humans
Looking at your result from the molecular evidence lab, monkey was most closely related to human.
What is molecular evidence?The nucleotide sequence of a gene or the matching amino acid sequence of a protein can provide evidence for which species belong to a clade.
Molecular evidence provide the evidence of genome.
All of an organism's genetic material is contained in its genome.
Genes and other components that regulate the activity of those genes are contained in its DNA (or RNA in the case of some viruses).
Monkey share 99 percent of our DNA with human, which make them closest relative of human.
Hence, monkey was the most closely related to human.
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Which of the differences listed here could be found among molecules of the same monosaccharide?.
Monosaccharides can differ from one another in: the number of carbon atoms they contain.
Monosaccharides can be divided into groups according to the number of carbon atoms in the molecules: trioses have 3-C atoms, tetroses have 4-C atoms, pentoses have 5-C atoms and hexoses have 6-C atoms. Each of these groups have different compounds, each with the same molecular formula. The bonds can be different between two monosaccharides. There is a difference in the orientation of a hydroxyl group in the ring form of monosaccharides. A glycosidic bond can lead to two possible stereoisomers at the anomeric carbon of one sugar. Also, the many hydroxyl groups of another sugar allow for several possible regioisomers.
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Interestingly, experiments have shown that PALA can act as both an activator and an inhibitor of ATCase activity. Specifically, PALA acts as an activator at low concentrations and an inhibitor at high concentrations. Propose an explanation for this observation.
A Final statement or concluding statement PALA may activate ATCase at low Asp concentrations and saturating CP concentrations .
According to the Statement:
Instead of activation, inhibition occurs when PALA or Asp concentrations are high. The activation generated by low concentrations of PALA can be explained by the MWC model. The majority of the population of the enzyme does not transition to the R state at low Asp concentrations because the Asp concentration is insufficient to encourage this transition. As a result, the majority of the enzyme population is in the low-activity, low-affinity T state.
On the other hand, PALA binding, because of the way its structure resembles the transition state structure of the process, is able to keep the enzyme in the high-activity, high-affinity R state.
As a result, activity increases at low concentrations of PALA; but, as PALA concentration rises, more and more of the active sites are replaced by the non-hydrolyzable bisubstrate analog, and activity falls. At high Asp concentrations and a saturating CP concentration, PALA activation is not seen.
PALA binding just blocks the active site to which it binds and reduces activity because the enzyme population is already in the R state under these circumstances.
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A Final statement or concluding statement PALA may activate ATCase at low Asp concentrations and saturating CP concentrations .
However, increasing the concentration of PALA or Asp results in inhibition rather than activation. The MWC model can explain the activation caused by low amounts of PALA.
Because the Asp concentration is inadequate to promote the transition to the R state for the majority of the enzyme population at low Asp concentrations, the enzyme remains mostly in the low-activity, low-affinity T state. PALA binding, on the other hand, is able to maintain the enzyme in the high-activity, high-affinity R state because its structure mirrors the transition state structure of the process.
The concerted shift to the R state frees up the majority of active sites, allowing them to react with substrates and produce products, while a minority of active sites bound with PALA are inactive yet keep the enzyme in the R state.
As a result, activity rises at low PALA concentrations; but, as PALA concentration increases, more and more of the active sites are replaced by the non-hydrolyzable bisubstrate analog, and activity decreases. PALA activation is not detected at high Asp concentrations and a saturating concentration of CP.
Because the enzyme population is already in the R state under these conditions, PALA binding merely blocks the active site to which it binds and decreases activity.
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Differentiate between osmosis and active transport (4 marks)
Osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules down a concentration gradient through a semi-permeable membrane. Active transport is the movement of a substance against a concentration gradient.
What is Osmosis?Osmosis is the automatic net movement or diffusion of solvent molecules through a selectively-permeable membrane from a part of high water possibility (region of lower solute concentration) to parts of low water potential (region of higher solute concentration), in the order that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
It may also describe a physical process in which any solvent moves across a selectively absorptive membrane (permeable to the solvent, but not the solute) by dividing two explanations of different concentrations. Osmosis can be created to do work. Osmotic pressure is described as the external pressure required to be involved so that there is no net motion of solvent across the membrane. Osmotic pressure is a colligative property, suggesting that the osmotic pressure depends on the molar concentration of the solute though not on its individuality.
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Which type of joint is present in the client's shoulders?
The spheroidal joint is the type of joint which is present in the shoulder of individuals and is used for various types of movements and activities.
What is a Joint?This refers to an area in the body where two bones meet with the presence of cartilages which helps to insulate and reduce friction between the two bones during movement.
The spheroidal joint on the other hand is a type of ball and socket joint which is responsible for flexion, extension etc. Joints ensures that other parts of the skeleton are attached thereby increasing the rigidity and integrity of the structures present in the body.
It is also usually found in the shoulder and hip region which is why spheroidal joint was chosen as the most appropriate choice in this context.
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explain how to use a punnett square to determine the probability of inheriting traits?
The boxes that contain the dominant allele are counted and multiplied by 100 to obtain the percentage probability of the inheritance of each trait.
What is a punnet square?The Punnet square is used in genetics to determine the percentage probability of the inheritance of each of the traits represented in the square.
The square is divided into four connected by lines the number of boxes having the dominant allele is divided by 4 and multiplied by hundred and the percentage probability of the inheritance of each of the traits is obtained.
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Atherosclerosis, a particular type of arteriosclerosis, usually involves either complete blockage or severe restriction of blood flow due to high cholesterol and plaque buildup in the arteries. In extreme cases, constricted arteries may collapse from pressure applied outside of the arteries. This can best be explained by:
Atherosclerosis may worsen in the case where there is an increased velocity of the fluid in the already constricted sections of the arteries. This may lead to an increase in blood pressure.
Atherosclerosis is the condition where it leads to the arteries being thickened or hardened. The plaque is deposited on the walls of the artery. With the deposition in the arteries, the artery walls become thickened and lead to the reduction of the blood flow and supply of oxygen to body organs. When the vessels constrict, the flow of blood is decreased. The risk factors are increased blood pressure, obesity, and diabetes. The treatment options could be the consumption of anticoagulants, and medicines to lower blood pressure.
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In the study of Gigord and colleagues using Elderflower orchids, the allele frequencies of yellow and purple flowers varied such that when the yellow allele started to become rare, the reproductive success of purple flowers decreased and the reproductive success of yellow-flowered individuals increased in a process known as _
In the study of Gigord and colleagues using Elderflower orchids, the allele frequencies of yellow and purple flowers varied such that when the yellow allele started to become rare, the reproductive success of purple flowers decreased and the reproductive success of yellow-flowered individuals increased in a process known as frequency-dependent selection.
Frequency-dependent selection is an evolutionary process in which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype is dependent on the frequency of that phenotype or genotype in a particular population.
Positive frequency-dependent selection raises the fitness of a phenotype or genotype as it becomes more prevalent.In the case of negative frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of an increasingly prevalent phenotype or genotype diminishes.In a broader sense, frequency-dependent selection involves biological interactions that make the fitness of an individual dependent on the frequencies of other genotypes or phenotypes within the population.
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What percentages of maximum response in the three types of cones (s:m:l) will result in the perception of yellow light?
We perceive yellow when our L cones are stimulated at around 95% of their maximum and M cones at roughly 55% of their maximum (this ratio corresponds to a wavelength of about 580 nanometers).
What is the function of rods and cones in the eye?Rods and cones are the two different categories of photoreceptors found in the human retina. Cones are in charge of vision in brighter environments, whereas rods are in charge of vision in low light. Mesopic refers to the range of light where both can function.
Rods:
Capable of scotopic vision (low light levels).Populate the retina's outer edges.They have a rod design that makes it easier to see at night or in low light.Include the vitamin A-rich rhodopsin pigment necessary for night vision, making rods sensitive to light.Cones:
Responsible for color perception, high spatial acuity, and photopic vision (higher light levels).They are mainly located in the retina and are populated in the central fovea region.Cone-shaped and aid in highlighting color and other subtle features.They come in three varieties: L-cones, M-cones, and S-cones, which are sensitive to long, intermediate, and short waves respectively (S-cones)These contain the violet-colored iodopsin pigment.Learn more about rods and cones here:
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