Joint pain can be caused by a variety of conditions, including arthritis, bursitis, tendonitis, and gout. It can also be caused by an injury or infection, or due to medical conditions such as lupus, osteoporosis, or fibromyalgia.
Muscle fatigue, stress, and poor posture can also contribute to joint pain. If your joint pain persists, it is important to see a doctor to get an accurate diagnosis and receive treatment.
Treatment for joint pain depends on the underlying cause. Common treatments include rest, physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle modifications, such as losing weight or changing your posture. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair a damaged joint.
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what protects the brain by acting as a shock absorber and removing waste?
a. durameter
b. cerebrospinal fluid
c. arachonid membrane
d. cranium
Cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain by acting as a shock absorber and removing waste. It is located in the subarachnoid space, which is the area around and inside the brain and spinal cord that is made up of the pia mater, the arachnoid mater, and the ventricular system.
Cerebrospinal fluid serves as a shock absorber for the central nervous system and serves as the brain's major cushion within the skull. Additionally, CSF eliminates trash from the brain and circulates chemicals and nutrients filtered from the blood. The dural venous sinuses, a drainage system found in the dura mater, allow blood to exit the brain and cerebrospinal fluid to re-enter circulation. The dura-mater, a thin membrane adhering to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, is connected to the pia-mater by thin, elastic fibres known as the arachnoid. Protection and structure are the primary functions of the skull and the meninges that surround it.
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Small hair-like projections on the plasma membrane of the cell are?
Small hair-like projections on the plasma membrane of a cell are called cilia or flagella. They are composed of microtubules and are similar in structure to the cytoskeleton.
Cilia and flagella are important for cell movement and are found in many different types of cells, including those in the respiratory tract, reproductive tract, and the cells of the nervous system.
Cilia are short, numerous and they move in a coordinated fashion, this movement creates a fluid flow around the cell and is used for a variety of functions, such as moving mucus in the respiratory tract, helping to move eggs and sperm in the reproductive tract, and helping to move cerebrospinal fluid in the nervous system.
Flagella are longer than cilia and are found on some cells, such as sperm cells, and also some microorganisms like bacteria and protozoa. They move in a whip-like motion, propelling the cell or microorganism forward.
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Human Inheritance
Understanding Main Ideas
Fill in the Punnett squares for (A) dimples, a trait
controlled by a dominant allele, and (B) colorblindness,
a trait controlled by a recessive sex-linked allele.
Then answer the questions that follow. (The father's
alleles are written across the top of the Punnett square.
The mother's alleles are written on the left side.)
5. Does either the mother or the father in A have
dimples?
6. What percentage of children are likely to have
dimples?
In complete dominance the dominant allele inhibits the recessive one. Sex-linked genes are located and inherites together with the sex chromosomes. Example 1- 1) The father has dimples. 2) 50% of the progeny is expected to have dimples. Example 2- 1) The father is colorblinded XcY. 2) 50% of the girls are colorblinded, XcXc. 3) 50% of the boys are colorblinded, XcY
What are complete dominance and sex-linked genes?
Complete dominance is the inheritance pattern in which one of the alleles hides the expression of the other allele.
The dominant allele inhibits the recessive allele when together in the same phenotype (heterozygous individuals), and only the dominnat phenotype can be expressed.
Sex-linked genes are those located on one of the sex chromosomes. In general, genes are linked to the X chromosome.
Example 1: dimples are controlled by a dominant allele, D
Parentals) Dd x dd
Gametes) D d d d
Punnett square) D d
d Dd dd
d Dd dd
F1) 50% of the progeny is expected to be Dd and have dimples.
50% of the progeny is expected to be dd and not express dimples.
1) Since dimples are coded by the dominant allele, then the father Dd has dimples.
2) 50% of the progeny is expected to have dimples.
Example 2: colorblindness is controlled by a recessive sex-linked allele.
Parentals) XcY x XCXc
Gametes) Xc Y XC Xc
Punnett square) Xc Y
XC XCXc XCY
Xc XcXc XcY
F1) 1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be normal XCXc and XCY
1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to be colorblinded XcXc and XcY.
1) Since colorblindness is coded by the recessive sex-linked allele, then the father is colorblinded XcY.
2) 50% of the girls are expected to be colorblinded, XcXc
3) 50% of the boys are expected to be colorblinded, XcY
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Complete question
Example 1)
Fill in the Punnett squares for (A) dimples, a trait
controlled by a dominant allele, and answer the questions that follow.
1. Does either the mother or the father in A have
dimples?
2. What percentage of children are likely to have
dimples?
Punnett square)
D d
d
d
Example 2)
Fill in the Punnett squares for colorblindness, a trait controlled by a recessive sex-linked allele. Then answer the questions that follow.
1) Is either the mother or the father colorblinded?
2) What percentage of the female progeny are likely to be colorblinded?
3) What percentage of the male progeny are likely to be colorblinded?
Punnett square)
Xc Y
XC
Xc
Which of the following is an enzyme needed for the process of DNA replication
A. adenine
B. glucose
C. Helicase
D. Lactase
Answer:
B. Helicase enzyme.
Explanation:
the ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotic factors is called
The ability of any organism to survive when subjected to abiotic factors or biotic factors is called tolerance. The capacity of an organism to withstand environmental changes can influence both its capacity to adapt to new environments and endure and reproduce in an existing ecosystem.
The warming of the oceans and the bleaching of coral reefs are two examples of abiotic factors having an effect on life. While coral species that are unable to adapt to the rising temperatures brought on by climate change will perish, those that can do so will establish themselves in the environment. The living elements of an ecosystem, including all the animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria that exist there, are known as biotic factors. Along with trees, insects, snails, and paramecia, humans can play a role as biotic elements in an ecosystem. The interactions between living things within an ecosystem can affect the ecosystem's stability and can vary when other forces are at play.
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if the allele B represents black fur and the allele b represents white fur, what would be the phenotype of an animal with the genotype bb
Answer: the phenotype would be white fur
since you have 2 lowercase b's, it would be white fur. if you had Bb, it would be black fur since B is the dominant trait. b is reccessive, so two b's will create white fur. BB = black, Bb = black, bb = white
Cycle a is the _____ cycle and cycle b is the _____ cycle.
Cycle A is the lytic cycle and cycle B is the lysogenic cycle. In the lytic case the phage connected to the host cell and injects its nucleic acid.
The lytic cycle effects withinside the destruction of the inflamed cell and its membrane. Bacteriophages that best use the lytic cycle are known as virulent phages (in evaluation to temperate phages). The lysogenic cycle entails the incorporation of the viral genome into the host cell genome, infecting it from within. In the lytic case the phage connected to the host cell and injects its nucleic acid. Afterwards transcription, translation and replication arise observed with the aid of using phage assembly. Finally the host cell is rupture because of strain exerted with the aid of using phage progeny. Lysogens can continue to be withinside the lysogenic cycle for plenty generations however can transfer to the lytic cycle at any time through a system referred to as induction.
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Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the DNA over an RNA template? Explanation: Reverse transcriptase is the enzyme that is involved in the reverse transcription of mRNA molecule.
RNA polymerase is the enzyme which is involved in the synthesis of the DNA over an RNA template.
RNA polymerase, also known as DNA-directed/dependent RNA polymerase (RP), is an enzyme that produces RNA from a DNA template and is commonly abbreviated as RNAP or RNApol in molecular biology.
The crucial enzyme responsible for converting the genetic data stored in DNA to RNA is known as RNA polymerase (RNAP).
All living things, including many viruses, include RNA polymerase, often known as DNA-directed RNA polymerase or RNAP. These RNAPs, which are found in bacteria, archaea, and even eukaryotes, all have identical protein core structures and workings.
RNA polymerase, which creates a complementary strand of RNA using a single-stranded DNA template, is the primary enzyme involved in transcription. Each new nucleotide is added to the 3' end of the strand as RNA polymerase constructs an RNA strand in the 5' to 3' orientation.
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The more superficial cells of the epidermis become less viable and ultimately die. What two factors account for this natural demise of the epidermal cells?
The more superficial cells of the epidermis, also known as the squamous cells, become less viable and ultimately die due to two main factors: differentiation and desiccation.
Let us know briefly about them:
Differentiation: As the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis divide and migrate towards the surface, they undergo a process of differentiation where they lose their ability to divide and instead develop specific functions. The cells of the more superficial layers of the epidermis are fully differentiated and no longer have the ability to divide, making them less viable over time.Desiccation: The cells of the epidermis are constantly exposed to the environment and lose water through a process called desiccation. As the cells lose water, they become less plump and eventually lose their ability to function. The cells of the more superficial layers of the epidermis are also exposed to more environmental stressors such as UV radiation, which can damage the cells and further contribute to their demise.These two factors together account for the natural process of cell death in the epidermis, also known as cornification. It is a natural process that is constantly happening and being replaced by new cells, making the epidermis a continuously renewing organ.
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how might gardening make someone more aware of the natural world and of using resources in a sustainable way?
Gardening can make someone more aware of the natural world by providing direct exposure to the cycles of growth, decay, and regeneration that are at the heart of all ecosystems.
By working with plants, gardeners gain an understanding of the importance of soil health, water conservation, and the role of pollinators and other beneficial insects. They also learn about the impact of weather, pests, and disease on plants, and how to manage and mitigate these factors.
Gardening can also make someone more aware of using resources in a sustainable way. Through gardening, people learn about the importance of composting and recycling organic materials, the use of sustainable practices such as crop rotation, companion planting, and natural pest control, and the benefits of using organic or low-impact fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides.
Additionally, gardening can teach about the importance of biodiversity and the balance of different plants and insects in the ecosystem.
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were the animals victorious at the battle of the windmill?
Although the people are to begin with successful, when they blow up the windmill, the animals are absolutely enraged and power the guys from the farm.
Squealer explains to the bleeding animals that, no matter what they will assume, they have been truly triumphant in what is going to hereafter be called "The Battle of the Windmill." Frederick's guys break the windmill and unharness the fury inside the animals. By the give up of the battle, there are accidents and deaths on each aspects and the windmill is destroyed, however Mr. Frederick is pushed off the land. Because of his departure, it is taken into consideration a chief victory. The pigs sense that the Battle of the Windmill turned into a success, however the different animals did not assume so. They idea that it turned into a catastrophe due to the fact the windmill turned into ruined. The pigs satisfied them that it turned into a success.
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Which of the following is most likely to use GIS?
A commercial crop producer
A small nursery
A farmer
A laboratory researching genetics
A commercial crop producer is most likely to use GIS (option A).
What is the geographic information system or GIS system?The geographic information system or GIS system is a technological device used in geography applications to generate and also to analyze the data obtained from a given map, which is used to estimate yields in crop production.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that the geographic information system or GIS system is used by farmers and agronomists in order to calculate crop yields in a given geographic area or map.
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He scientists predict that the presence of activated Ras in the Double-Mutant ( Sev−RasD ) R7 precursor cell will enable the cell to differentiate into an R7 photoreceptor cell. Based on Figure 1, evaluate the likely accuracy of their prediction
In one study, researchers implanted a mutant RasD gene into a fly embryo with a serverless gene mutation. RasD encodes a constitutively active Ras protein that is present in the active GTP-bound form even when no hormone signal is present.
Despite the absence of functional RTKs in these double mutant (SevRasD) cells, R7 cells formed normally, indicating that the presence of an activated Ras protein is sufficient. RasD gene is a gene that encodes for a small GTPase protein, which is a member of the Ras family of proteins. The Ras family of proteins are key regulators of cell growth and differentiation, and play a critical role in signal transduction pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation and survival.
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After the heavy rains fell lots of new growth of grass occurred and we were able to identify 74 total species of insects. However before the rains occurred, only 51 species of insects that had been identified. By what percent did the number of insect species increase?
After the heavy rains fell lots of new growth of grass occurred and we were able to identify 74 total species of insects. However before the rains occurred, only 51 species of insects that had been identified therefore the percent in which the number of insect species increased is 31 percent.
What is Population?This is referred to as the total number of organisms in an area at a given point in time.
We were told that the species of insects increased from 51 to 74 which therefore means that the percentage increase is:
74 - 51 = 23
23/74 × 100 = 31 percent.
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Which describes the increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to human activity? (1 point)
greenhouse effect
climate change
weather patterns
global warming
The current rise in the average temperature of the Earth's air and oceans is referred to as global warming.
What is global warming?Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth's surface observed since the pre-industrial period (between 1850 and 1900) as a result of human activities, primarily the combustion of fossil fuels, which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the Earth's atmosphere. This term should not be confused with "climate change."Global warming can cause numerous serious environmental changes, eventually affecting human health. It can also cause sea level rise, resulting in the loss of coastal land, changes in precipitation patterns, increased drought and flood risks, and threats to biodiversity.Think again about planes, trains, and automobiles. Living in walkable smart-growth cities and towns with good public transportation means less driving, less money spent on gas, and less pollution in the air.To learn more about global warming refer to :
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Which of the following types of RNA is are involved in protein synthesis?
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis.
The RNA that is involved in protein synthesis is mRNA, which is explained in the below section.
mRNA- There are many special styles of RNA that carry out features as RNA withinside the cell and are by no means translated into protein. These consist of tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA. The handiest RNAs that code for proteins are mRNAs. The sort of RNA that incorporates the statistics for creating a protein is referred to as messenger RNA (mRNA) as it contains the statistics, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm. Translation, the second one step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes vicinity withinside the cytoplasm.
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Which of the choices is an accurate statement that accounts for why women with the genotype XXX are not phenotypically different from an XX female?
Only one X chromosome is active in each cell, regardless of how many X chromosomes there are in a cell.
No matter how many X chromosomes are present in a cell, only one of them is functional, which explains why women with the genotype XXX are phenotypically identical to women with the XX genotype.
Early in the development of the embryo, one of the two X chromosomes in females randomly and irreversibly turns inactive in cells other than egg cells. Lyonization, also known as X-inactivation, is the name used to describe this procedure. Due to X-inactivation, females have one functional copy of the X chromosome, just like males, in every bodily cell.
Many different epigenetic traits can be used to explain the distinction between the active and inactive X chromosomes in somatic cells.
These traits can be useful in identifying the inactive X chromosome(s) in clinical material. Patients with additional X chromosomes experience inactivation of any X chromosome beyond one (male or female). Accordingly, all diploid somatic cells in both males and females have a single active X chromosome, regardless of the total number of X or Y chromosomes present.
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Can dna from blood be destroyed with cleaning products?
Yes, DNA from blood be destroyed with cleaning products. Hypochlorite is a not a common thing in family bleaches and cleaners, which can be frequently used to put off blood from crime scenes.
Cleaning sellers now no longer most effective have the capability to infect the organic cloth however may additionally degrade DNA solution consequently making the manufacturing of a conclusive and dependable profile difficult. Bleach (sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl) degrades DNA via oxidative harm and manufacturing of chlorinated base products. Exposure to an increasing number of better concentrations of NaOCl sooner or later reasons cleavage of DNA strands, breaking it into smaller and smaller fragments.
Yes, DNA from blood be destroyed with cleaning products
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What is the correct order of the phases in the menstrual cycle?AMenstrual phase => follicular phase => luteal phase => ovulatory phaseBOvulatory phase => follicular phase => menstrual phase => luteal phaseCMenstrual phase => follicular phase => ovulatory phase => luteal phaseDLuteal phase => follicular phase => menstrual phase => ovulatory phase
The correct order of the phases in the menstrual cycle is: (C): Menstrual phase => follicular phase => ovulatory phase => luteal phase.
The first stage of the menstrual cycle is the menstrual phase, commonly referred to as the menstrual period. This period, which typically lasts between three and seven days, is when the uterine lining sheds and menstrual blood is expelled. The follicular phase, also known as the proliferative phase, comes after the menstrual cycle. Typically lasting around 14 days, this time is when the follicles in the ovaries grow and mature. One of these follicles will eventually become the dominant follicle and release an egg during ovulation. During the ovulatory phase, the dominant follicle releases an egg from the ovary. This normally occurs around day 14 of a 28-day menstrual cycle. The luteal phase, also known as the secretory phase, occurs after ovulation. It is characterized by the growth of the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone and prepares the uterus for pregnancy, and lasts on average for around 14 days. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will degenerate, progesterone and estrogen levels will fall, the uterine lining will shed, and a new menstrual cycle will start.
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While doing a pedigree analysis of a European royal family, you notice a disease in a female child of two healthy parents. There are also some cousins with the same genetic disease. If this disease is controlled by a single gene, then the most likely explanation for these observations is the disease is
A. only seen in heterozygous individuals such as the daughter. B. recessive and only seen in homozygous recessive individuals such as the daughter. C. dominant and is seen in homozygous dominant or heterozygous individuals. D. dominant and only seen in homozygous dominant individuals such as the daughter. E. a spontaneous mutation.
The most likely explanation for these observations is that the disease is recessive and only seen in homozygous recessive individuals such as the daughter. Here option B is the correct answer.
This is because the parents are both healthy and the disease is present in their daughter, which suggests that the daughter is homozygous recessive for the gene causing the disease. The presence of affected cousins also supports the idea that the disease is inherited in a recessive manner.
Due to recessive inheritance, the disease can only be brought on by a pair of faulty genes. Carriers are individuals who have only one faulty gene out of the pair. The majority of the time, the sickness has little impact on these people.
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digestion is one of the important Life process in human body.why
Answer:
Digestion is important for breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair
Explanation:
i think
Answer:
digestion is the process of breakdown of food to smaller particles for using them as energy in all of our body. so this make digestion one of important life process in human body.
Which evolutionary mechanism results in adaptation? See Section 23.2 (Page 462)
Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow are not independent processes in natural populations.
In natural populations, the mechanisms of evolution do not work in isolation. Conservation geneticists must take these evolutionary processes into account when planning reserves and estimating the population dynamics of threatened species in fragmented habitats. Natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow all affect allele frequencies in different ways. When one or more of these forces deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg presumptions, a population evolves. In population genetics, the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem, a null model of evolution, is breached to examine its impacts. Natural selection occurs when genotypes have a higher chance of surviving, procreating, and transferring their alleles to the next generation. Natural selection was the idea put out by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species (1859).
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which rat(s) was euthyroid without any injections? which rat(s) was euthyroid without any injections? the thyroidectomized rat the normal rat the hypophysectomized rat the normal rat and the hypophysectomized rat
The thyroidectomized rat would not be euthyroid without any injections, while the normal rat and the hypophysectomized rat would be euthyroid without any injections.
The thyroid gland and the pituitary gland are two parts of a complex endocrine system that work together to regulate the body's metabolism and energy levels. The thyroid gland produces hormones, while the pituitary gland produces a hormone that regulates the thyroid gland's function. Even though the pituitary gland is not essential for maintaining a euthyroid state, it plays a crucial role in regulating the thyroid gland's function.
In the study of the rat's thyroid function, three different types of rats were observed: the thyroidectomized rat, the normal rat, and the hypophysectomized rat. The thyroidectomized rat had its thyroid gland removed and would not be euthyroid without any injections. Without a functioning thyroid gland, the thyroidectomized rat would have an abnormal thyroid function and would require injections of thyroid hormones to maintain a euthyroid state.
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Which would be the most accurate tittle for this picture
Answer:
What Picture
Explanation:
It's okay, about 75% of the time i forget to put my picture too.
what type of blood can you accept if you are rh positive?
Answer:
someone with Rh+ blood can receive both Rh+ and Rh- transfusions
Under which of these conditions is natural selection most likely to occur? A. When there is no genetic variation B. When food is limited C. When there is no competition D. When the environment is stable
Answer:
B
Explanation:
when the food is limited, the faster and smarter species are able to find food before the others.
when a male horse is bred with a female donkey, the offspring is called what? hinny
The offspring of a male horse and a female donkey is known as Hinny. Hinnies and mules may appear slightly different. Hinnies are less numerous than mules.
Mules often have a donkey's head and a horse's body. Both a female donkey and a male horse have hinnies. A female horse and a male donkey can give birth to a mule. However, horses and mules are unable to have children of their own. Due to their inability to produce sperm or eggs, they are sterile. Typically, they are infertile. A male donkey and a female horse will produce a "mule." Hinnies often behave more like their jenny mothers: they are more reserved, move more slowly than mules, and approach situations more deliberately and "donkey-like." Because of this, they can appear to be unforgiving and unpredictable even if they aren't readily startled.
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what happens to co in the presence of sympathetic nervous stimulation? a. increases significantly b. decreases significantly c. remains unchanged d. decreases by only 20%
In the presence of sympathetic nervous stimulation CO, a. increase significantly.
By multiplying the heart rate by the stroke volume, cardiac output is the amount of blood the heart pumps out in a minute. The stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system raises the heart rate, while the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system lowers it.
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause the SA and AV nodes to increase heart rate, which will result in an increase in cardiac output. Conversely, activation of the parasympathetic nervous system will cause a decrease in cardiac output and a decrease in heart rate by acting on the SA and AV nodes.
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What are the 3 concepts of natural selection?
Three concepts of natural selection are:
Variation in colors.Qualities pass from one generation to another.Variation in size and shape due to genetic variation.For concluding decisions, Darwin depended on his notes, his own perceptions and his understanding of the compositions of Thomas Robert Malthus. Malthus was an English researcher who, in 1798, distributed his hypothesis that populace development will continuously outperform the food supply. That's what the result is, in any populace, numerous people will vanish because of contest for a restricted stock of food.
The three perceptions that permitted Darwin to foster his hypothesis of development and natural selection were:
The people in a populace show a variety in characteristics, for example, variety, conduct, size and shape because of hereditary variety.A portion of the qualities are passed down from guardians to relatives and are heritable.The guardians in a populace overproduce posterity so that some won't make due.In view of these perceptions, Darwin suggested that those people with attributes that made them fitter would be the ones to make due while the most un-fit would cease to exist. Over the long haul, the populace would be overwhelmed by individual with the qualities that made them fitter.
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the pairs of alleles present in a hybrid organism are
The pairs of alleles present in a hybrid organism are heterozygous.
A heterozygous person is a diploid creature with two alleles of distinct types. Each allele pair represents a single gene's genotype. Homozygous genotypes have two identical alleles at a certain locus, while heterozygous genotypes have two different alleles.
A heterozygous creature possesses two distinct alleles of a gene. Pea plants, for example, can have red blooms and be homozygous dominant (red-red) or heterozygous (red-red) (red-white). If they have white blossoms, they are homozygous recessive (white-white). Carriers are never homozygous.
A heterozygous hybrid organism is one that possesses two distinct alleles at a certain genetic location, or locus. A dihybrid organism is therefore one that is heterozygous at two separate genetic loci.
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