Answer:
Logging while drilling (LWD) is a technique of conveying well logging tools into the well borehole downhole as part of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). ... In these situations, the LWD measurement ensures that some measurement of the subsurface is captured in the event that wireline operations are not possible
A cylinder is to be cast out of aluminum. The diameter of the disk is 500 mm and its thickness is 20 mm. The mold constant 2.0 sec/mm2 in Chvorinov's formula to calculate the solidification time.
Required:
a. Calculate the minimum time (minutes) for the casting to solidify.
b. Discuss if the result in part (a) is the same when casting grey cast iron.
Answer:
a) the minimum time (minutes) for the aluminium casting to solidify is 2.86 min
b) the minimum time (minutes) for the grey iron casting to solidify is 2.13 min. Therefore solidification of grey iron cast will take less time (2.13 min) compared to the solidification of the aluminium cast (2.86 min)
Explanation:
Given that; diameter of Disk = 500 mm, thickness t = 20, mold constant Cm = 2.0 sec/mm²
first we find the volume and Area;
Volume V = πD²t / 4
Volume V = π × (500)² × 20 / 4 = 3,926,991 mm³
Area A = 2πD²/ 4 + πDt
Area A = {[π × (500)²] / 2} +{ π × (500) × (20)}
Area A = 392,699.08 + 31,415.93
Area A = 424,115 mm²
a)
Chvorinov’s rule
T(aluminium) = Cm (V/A) ²
T(aluminium) = 2.0 × (3,926,991 / 424,115) ²
T(aluminium) = 171.5 s = 2.86 min
∴ the minimum time (minutes) for the casting to solidify is 2.86 min
b)
For cast iron
Cm (mold constant = 1.488 sec/mm²)
Chvorinov’s rule
T(iron) = Cm (V/A) ²
T(iron) = 1.488 × (3,926,991 / 424,115) ²
T(iron) = 127.5720s = 2.13 min
Therefore solidification of grey iron cast will take less time (2.13 min) compared to the solidification of the aluminium cast (2.86 min)
The cold drawn AISI 1040 steel bar with 25-mm width and 10-mm thick has a 6- mm diameter thru hole in the center of the plate. The plate is subjected to a completely reversed axial load that fluctuates from 12kN to 28kN. Use notch sensitivity of 0.83.
Required:
a. Estimate the fatigue factor of safety based on yielding criteria.
b. Estimate the fatigue factor of safety based on Goodman and Morrow criteria.
Answer:
A) ( N ) = 1.54
B) N ( Goodman ) = 1.133, N ( Morrow) = 1.35
Explanation:
width of steel bar = 25-mm
thickness of steel bar = 10-mm
diameter = 6-mm
load on plate = between 12 kN AND 28 kN
notch sensitivity = 0.83
A ) Fatigue factor of safety based on yielding criteria
= δa + δm = [tex]\frac{Syt}{n}[/tex] = 91.03 + 227.58 = 490 / N
therefore Fatigue number of safety ( N ) = 1.54
δa (amplitude stress ) = kf ( Fa/A) = 2.162 * ( 8*10^3 / 190 ) = 91.03 MPa
A = area of steel bar = 190 mm^2 , Fa = amplitude load = 8 KN , kf = 2.162
δm (mean stress ) = kf ( Fm/A ) = (2.162 * 20*10^3 )/ 190 = 227.58 MPa
Fm = mean load = 20 *10^3
B) Fatigue factor of safety based on Goodman and Morrow criteria
δa / Se + δm / Sut = 1 / N
= 91.03 / 183.15 + 227.58 / 590 = 1 /N
Hence N = 1.133 ( based on Goodman criteria )
note : Se = endurance limit (calculated) = 183.15 , Sut = 590
applying Morrow criteria
N = 1 / ( δa/Se) + (δm/ δf )
= 1 / ( 91.03 / 183.15 ) + (227.58 / 935 )
= 1.35
Assume that the heat is transferred from the cold reservoir to the hot reservoir contrary to the Clausis statement of the second law. Prove that this violates the increase of entropy principle—as it should according to Clausius.
Answer: hello attached below is the diagram which is part of your question
Total entropy change = entropy change in cold reservoir + entropy change in hot reservoir = -0.166 + 0.083 = -0.0837 kj/k it violates Clausius increase of entropy which is Sgen > 0
Explanation:
Clausius statement states that it is impossible to transfer heat energy from a cooler body to a hotter body in a cycle or region without any other external factors affecting it .
applying the increase in entropy principle to prove this
temp of cold reservoir (t hot)= 600 k
temp of hot reservoir(t cold) = 1220 k
energy (q) = 100 kj
total entropy change = entropy change in cold reservoir + entropy change in hot reservoir = -0.166 + 0.083 = -0.0837 kj/k
entropy change in cold reservoir = Q/t cold = 100 / 600 = -0.166 kj/k
entropy change in hot reservoir = Q / t hot = 100 / 1220 = 0.083 kj/k
hence it violates Clausius inequality of increase of entropy principle which is states that generated entropy has to be > 0
Air at 30 C, 1 bar, 50% relative humidity enters an insulated chamber operating at steady state with a mass flow rate of 3 kg/min and mixes with a saturated moist air stream entering at 5 C, 1 bar with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/min. A single mixed stream exits at 1 bar. Determine (a) the relative humidity and temperature, in C, of the exiting stream. (b) the rate of exergy destruction, in kW, for T0
Answer:
A) The relative humidity : 0.818 (81.8%), Temperature at C = 14.4⁰c
B) The rate of energy destruction = 0.0477 kw
Explanation:
Given data :
at point 1 : m1 = 3 kg/min , T1 = 30⁰c, p1 = 1 bar, ∅ = 0.50 ( 50%)
at point 2 : T2 = 5⁰c, P2 = 1 bar, m2 = 5 kg/min
at point 3 : p3 = 1 bar
what the different methods to turn on thyrister and how can a thyrister turned off
Answer:
forward voltage triggering
temperature triggering
dv/dt triggering
light triggering
gate triggering
Then turning off;
Turn off is accomplished by a "negative voltage" pulse between the gate and cathode terminals
Explanation:
hope it helps
(2x+y)dx+(x-2y)dy=0 solve the differential equation
Answer: y' = - x'
Explanation:
Let f(x) = 2x + y
then f'(x) = 2 + y'
Let f(y) = x - 2y
then f'(y) = x' - 2
Given: f'(x) + f'(y) = 0
2 + y' + x' - 2 = 0
y' + x'= 0
y' = -x'
This can also be written as: [tex]\dfrac{dy}{dx}=-\dfrac{d}{dx}[/tex]
prove that Sin^6 ϴ-cos^6ϴ=(2Sin^2ϴ-1)(cos^2ϴ+sin^4ϴ) please sove step by step with language it is opt maths question guys i willl give you 100 point and mark as brainlest answer
Assume a regulator has a percent load regulation of 0.5%. What is the output voltage at full-load if the unloaded output is 12.0 V
Answer:
11.94 V
Explanation:
Generally the regulated voltage drops as load increases. When the voltage has dropped by 0.5%, it will be 60 mV less than the nominal value:
12.0 V - 0.06 V = 11.94 V . . . . full load voltage
can you solve it please
Answer:
nosenose
Explanation:
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what scale model proves the initial concept?
Answer: A prototype
Explanation:
The scale model that proves the initial concept is called a domain model.
What is a scale model?A copy or depiction of something where all parts have the same dimensions as the original. A scale model is an image or copy of an object that is either larger or smaller than the object being represented's actual size.
A domain model is a type of conceptual model that is used to depict the structural elements and conceptual constraints within a domain of interest.
A domain model will include all of the entities, their attributes, and relationships, as well as the constraints that govern the conceptual integrity of the structural model elements that comprise that problem domain.
Therefore, a domain model is the scale model that proves the initial concept.
To learn more about the scale model, refer to the below link:
https://brainly.com/question/14341149
#SPJ2
In general, MOSFET'S:___________.
A) are mostly used in switching circuits
B) can be fabricated in much higher densities than BJT'S
C) produce simpler circuits than BJTS
D) all of the above
Answer:
A. Are mostly used in switching circuitsExplanation:
MOSFET: The acronym for "metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor" are mostly used in switching circuits.
There are two classes of MOSFET
1. Depletion mode
2. Enhancement mode
Generally a MOSFET is a kind of transistor, it is actually a field effect transistor with tree terminals gate, source and drain terminals, also the MOSFET can be used as an amplifier for the amplification of electronic signals in the electronic circuit/devices
Based on the hardness values determined in Part 1, what is the tensile strength (in MPa) for each of the alloys?
(a) 0.25 wt%C with spheroidite,
(b) 0.25 wt%C with coarse pearlite,
(c) 0.60 wt%C with fine pearlite, and
(d) 0.60 wt%C with coarse pearlite.
The tolerance to all answers is +/-10 %.
Answer:
a. 115
b. 135
c. 220
d. 185
Explanation:
Spheriodite is microscopic constituents in some steels which is composed of spherically shaped cementide particle. It is most ductile and softest type of steel. Pearlite is two phased lamellar compose of alternating layer of ferrite and cementite. It is hard and strong but not tough. It is applied on cutting tools like chopper, blades and knives.
When replacing a timing belt, many experts and vehicle manufacturers recommend that all of the following should be replaced except the
A. water pump
B. camshaft oil seal(s).
C. camshalt sprocket
D. tensioner assembly
Answer:
Correct Answer:
A. water pump
Explanation:
Timing belt in a vehicle helps to ensure that crankshaft, pistons and valves operate together in proper sequence. Timing belts are lighter, quieter and more efficient than chains that was previously used in vehicles.
Most car manufacturers recommended that, when replacing timing belt, tension assembly, water pump, camshaft oil seal should also be replaced with it at same time.
What is the built-in pollution control system in an incinerator called
Explanation:
hbyndbnn☝️
/ Air enters a 20-cm-diameter 12-m-long underwater duct at 50°C and 1 atm at a
mean velocity of 7 m/s, and is cooled by the water outside. If the average heat
transfer coefficient is 85 W/m2
°C and the tube temperature is nearly equal to the
water temperature of 5°C, determine the exit temperature of air and the rate of heat
transfer.
Answer:
A) EXIT TEMPERATURE = 14⁰C
b) rate of heat transfer of air = - 13475.78 = - 13.5 kw
Explanation:
Given data :
diameter of duct = 20-cm = 0.2 m
length of duct = 12-m
temperature of air at inlet= 50⁰c
pressure = 1 atm
mean velocity = 7 m/s
average heat transfer coefficient = 85 w/m^2⁰c
water temperature = 5⁰c
surface temperature ( Ts) = 5⁰c
properties of air at 50⁰c and at 1 atm
= 1.092 kg/m^3
Cp = 1007 j/kg⁰c
k = 0.02735 W/m⁰c
Pr = 0.7228
v = 1.798 * 10^-5 m^2/s
determine the exit temperature of air and the rate of heat transfer
attached below is the detailed solution
Calculate the mass flow rate
= p*Ac*Vmean
= 1.092 * 0.0314 * 7 = 0.24 kg/s
Consider the thermocouple and convection conditions of Example 1, but now allow for radiation exchange with the walls of a duct that encloses the gas stream. If the duct walls are at 400℃ and the emissivity of the thermocouple bead is 0.9, calculate the steady-state temperature of the junction
Answer:
hello your question has some missing part attached below is the complete question
answer : steady state temperature = 419.713k ≈ 218.7⁰c
Time required to reach a junction ≈ 5 secs
Explanation:
The detailed solution of the given problem is attached below but the solution to the subsequent problem from which the question you asked is referenced to( problem 1 ), is not attached because it was not part of the question you asked
The solid homogeneous cylinder is released from rest on the ramp. If θ= 40° , µs= 0.30 and µk= 0.20. Determine the magnitudes of the acceleration of the mass (W= 8lb) center G and the friction force exerted by the ramp on the cylinder.
Answer:
A) 13.80 ft/s^2
B) 1.714 Ib
Explanation:
Magnitude of acceleration center G
mass = W / g = 8 / 32.2 = 0.2484 Ib.s^2/ft
calculate the acceleration along x direction
A = ra
r = radius
a = angular acceleration
A = 6 in [tex]\frac{1 ft}{12 in}[/tex] * a
a= 2A
equation of the plane along the x-direction
w sin∅ - F = ma
8* sin40 - F = 0.2484 * a
hence F = 5.1423 - 0.2484 a
next find the moment of inertia along the z axis
I = 1/2 mr^2
= 1/2 * 0.2484 * (6/12)^2 = 0.03105 Ib.ft.s^2
Applying moment balance equation
F * r = inertia * a
(5.1423 - 0.2484 a)*0.5 = 0.03105 * 2A
2.57115 = 0.1863 A hence
A = 13.80 ft/s^2 ( acceleration of the cylinder )
B) Calculate the friction force exerted by the ramp on the cylinder
F = 5.1423 - 0.2484 A
= 5.1423 - 0.2484 ( 13.80 )
= 1.714 Ib
The magnitudes of the acceleration and the friction force are;
Acceleration = 13.8 ft/s²
Friction Force = 1.714 lb
The image of the solid homogeneous cylinder is missing and so i have attached it.
From the image we see that;
Weight; W = 8 lbRadius; r = 6 in = 0.5 ftWe are given;
Angle of incline; θ = 40°Coefficient of static friction; µ_s = 0.30 coefficient of kinetic friction; µ_k = 0.20We know that formula for weight is; W = mg
Thus; m = W/g
where g is acceleration due to gravity = 32.2 ft/s²
m = 8/32.2
mass; m = 0.2484 lb.s²/ft
Now, to get the acceleration along the x-axis, we will use the formula;
a = rα
where α is angular acceleration. Thus;
a = 0.5α
α = 2a ----- (eq 1)
Now, resolving forces along the x-direction gives;
W*sinθ - F = ma
Plugging in the relevant values;
8*sin 40 - F = 0.2484a
F = 8*sin 40 - 0.2484a -----(eq 2)
Now, moment of inertia of the cylinder along the z-axis is gotten from;
I = ¹/₂mr²
I = ¹/₂ × 0.2484 × 0.5²
I = 0.03105 lb.ft/s²
Taking equilibrium of moments we have;
F*r = I*α
Thus;
(8*sin 40 - 0.2484a)0.5 = 0.03105α
⇒ 2.57115 - 0.1242a = 0.03105α
⇒ 0.03105α + 0.1242a = 2.57115
From eq 1, α = 2a. Thus;
0.03105(2a) + 0.1242a = 2.57115
0.1863a = 2.57115
a = 2.57115/0.1863
a = 13.8 ft/s²
Formula for the friction force exerted by the ramp on the cylinder is;F = 8*sin 40 - 0.2484a
F = 5.1423 - 0.2484(13.8)
F = 1.714 lb
Read more about cylinder moment of inertia at; https://brainly.com/question/7020147
After a capacitor is fully chargerd, a small amount of current will flow though it. what is this current called?
Answer:
leakage
Explanation:
That current is "leakage current."
When the rod is circular, radial lines remain straight and sections perpendicular to the axis do not warp. In this case, the strains vary linearly along radial lines. Within the proportional limit, the stress also varies linearly along radial lines. If point A is located 12 mm from the center of the rod, what is the magnitude of the shear stress at that point
The question is incomplete. The complete question is :
The solid rod shown is fixed to a wall, and a torque T = 85N?m is applied to the end of the rod. The diameter of the rod is 46mm .
When the rod is circular, radial lines remain straight and sections perpendicular to the axis do not warp. In this case, the strains vary linearly along radial lines. Within the proportional limit, the stress also varies linearly along radial lines. If point A is located 12 mm from the center of the rod, what is the magnitude of the shear stress at that point?
Solution :
Given data :
Diameter of the rod : 46 mm
Torque, T = 85 Nm
The polar moment of inertia of the shaft is given by :
[tex]$J=\frac{\pi}{32}d^4$[/tex]
[tex]$J=\frac{\pi}{32}\times (46)^4$[/tex]
J = 207.6 [tex]mm^4[/tex]
So the shear stress at point A is :
[tex]$\tau_A =\frac{Tc_A}{J}$[/tex]
[tex]$\tau_A =\frac{85 \times 10^3\times 12 }{207.6}$[/tex]
[tex]$\tau_A = 4913.29 \ MPa$[/tex]
Therefore, the magnitude of the shear stress at point A is 4913.29 MPa.
3
Current is measured in units called
Answer:
current is measured in Ampere (A)
Answer:
Ampere (A)
Explanation:
The ampere is defined so the elementary charge e is 1.602 176 634 × 10−19 C or A•s.
Hope this helps <3
The plate is made of steel having a density of 7910 kg/m3 .If the thickness of the plate is 9 mm , determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction at the pin A and the tension in cable BC.
Answer:
Horizontal component ( Ax) = 0
vertical component ( Ay ) = 1794.87 N
Explanation:
Attached below is the detailed solution and the free body diagram of the question
given data:
density = 7910 kg/m3
thickness of plate = 9 mm = 0.009
determine the horizontal and vertical components of the reaction at the pin A and the tension in the cable BC
A plate is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at A, a roller joint at B, and a cable at C. How many unknown support reactions are there in this problem?
Answer:
There are five (5) unknown support reactions in this problem.
Explanation:
A roller joint rotates and translates along the surface on which the roller rests. The resulting reaction force is always a single force that is perpendicular to, and away from, the surface. This allows the roller to move in a single plane along the surface where it rests.
A cable support provides support in one direction, parallel, and in opposite direction to the load on it. There exists a single reaction from the cable pointed upwards.
A ball-and-socket joint have reaction forces in all 3 cardinal directions. This allows it to move in the x-y-z plane.
The total unknown reactions on the member are five in number.
Calculate the current in the 8-W resistor of Figure below by using Thevenin’s theorem. What will be its value of connections of 6V battery are reversed
solution from c hegg. hope it helps. see photos explanation
A 4-pole, 3-phase induction motor operates from a supply whose frequency is 60 Hz. calculate: 1- the speed at which the magnetic field of the stator is rotating. 2- the speed of the rotor when the slip is 0.05. 3- the frequency of the rotor currents when the slip is 0.04. 4- the frequency of the rotor currents at standstill.
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
1) The synchronous speed of an induction motor is the speed of the magnetic field of the stator. It is given by:
[tex]n_s=\frac{120f_s}{p}\\ Where\ p\ is \ the \ number\ of\ machine\ pole, f_s\ is\ the\ supply \ frequency\\and\ n_s\ is \ the \ synchronous\ speed(speed \ of\ stator\ magnetic \ field)\\Given: f_s=60\ Hz, p=4. Therefore\\\\n_s=\frac{120*60}{4}=1800\ rpm[/tex]
2) The speed of the rotor is the motor speed. The slip is given by:
[tex]Slip=\frac{n_s-n_m}{n_s}. \\ n_m\ is\ the \ motor\ speed(rotor\ speed)\\Slip = 0.05, n_s= 1800\ rpm\\ \\0.05=\frac{1800-n_m}{1800}\\\\ 1800-n_m=90\\\\n_m=1800-90=1710\ rpm[/tex]
3) The frequency of the rotor is given as:
[tex]f_r=slip*f_s\\f_r=0.04*60=2.4\ Hz[/tex]
4) At standstill, the speed of the motor is 0, therefore the slip is 1.
The frequency of the rotor is given as:
[tex]f_r=slip*f_s\\f_r=1*60=60\ Hz[/tex]
A single-threaded power screw is 35 mm in diameter with a pitch of 5 mm. A vertical load on the screw reaches a maximum of 5 kN. The coefficients of friction are 006 for the collar and 009 for the threads, while the frictional diameter of the collar is 45 mm. Find the overall efficiency and the torque to raise and lower the load for
Answer:
the torque required to RAISE the load is Tr = 18.09 Nm
the torque required to LOWER the load is Tl = 10.069 ≈ 10.07 Nm
the Overall Efficiency e = 0.2199 ≈ 0.22
Explanation:
Given that; F = 5 kN, p = 5mm, d = 35mm
Dm = d - p/2
Dm = 35 - ( 5/2) = 35 - 2.5
DM = 32.5mm
So the torque required to RAISE the load is
Tr = ( 5 × 32.5)/2 [(5 + (π × 0.09 × 32.5)) / ( (π × 32.5) - ( 0.09 × 5))] + [( 5 × 0.06 × 45)/2]
Tr = 81.25 × (14.1892 / 101.6518) + 6.75
Tr = 11.3414 + 6.75
Tr = 18.09 Nm
the torque required to LOWER the load is
Tl = ( 5 × 32.5)/2 [(π × 0.09 × 32.5) - 5) / ( (π × 32.5) + ( 0.09 × 5))] + [( 5 × 0.06 × 45)/2]
Tl = 81.25 × 4.1892 / 102.5518 + 6.75
Tl = 3.3190 + 6.75
Tl = 10.069 ≈ 10.07 Nm
So since torque required to LOWER the load is positive
that is, the thread is self locking
Therefore the efficiency is
e = ( 5 × 5 ) / ( 2π × 18.09 )
e = 25 / 113.6628
e = 0.2199 ≈ 0.22
The structure of a house is such that it loses heat at a rate of 5400 kJ/h per degree Cdifference between the indoors and outdoors. A heat pump that requires a power input of 6 kW isused to maintain this house at 21 C. Determine the lowest outdoor temperature for which the heatpump can meet the heating requirements of this house
Answer: Tl = - 13.3°C
the lowest outdoor temperature is - 13.3°C
Explanation:
Given that;
Temperature of Th = 21°C = 21 + 273 = 294 K
the rate at which heat lost is Qh = 5400 kJ/h°C
the power input to heat pump Wnet = 6 kw
The COP of a reversible heat pump depends on the temperature limits in the cycle only, and is determined by;
COPhp = Th/(Th - Tl)
COPhp = Qh/Wnet
Qh/Wnet = Th/(Th -Tl)
the amount of heat loss is expressed as
Qh = 5400/3600(294 - Tl)
the temperature of sink
( 5400/3600(294 - Tl)) / 6 = 294 / ( 294 - Tl)
now solving the equation
Tl = 259.7 - 273
Tl = - 13.3°C
so the lowest outdoor temperature is - 13.3°C
Conductivity is the reciprocal of what?
Answer:
Electrical conductivity or specific conductance is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. It represents a material's ability to conduct electric current. It is commonly signified by the Greek letter σ (sigma), but κ (kappa) (especially in electrical engineering) and γ (gamma) are sometimes used.
tính toán dung lượng bộ nhớ yêu cầu để lưu trữ 6 phút tiếng nói theo định dàng truyền trong mạng PSTN?
Answer:
hugdxvb huiiiuttyuj ftfrr
pls i need help with this
Solve using Matlab three problems:
One using the combination formula
One using the permutation of n objects formula
One using the permutation of r objects out of n objects
You can make up your own questions
Answer:
%%%%Problem 1%%%
while n<1:
c=(n!)/((n-r)!(r!))
end
%%end of solution 1%
The magnitude of the normal acceleration is
A) proportional to radius of curvature.
B) inversely proportional to radius of curvature.
C) sometimes negative.
D) zero when velocity is constant.
Answer:
b. inversely proportional to radius of curvature
Explanation:
In curvilinear motions, the normal acceleration which is also called the centripetal acceleration is always directed towards the center of the circular path of motion. This acceleration has a magnitude that is directly proportional to the square of the speed of the body undergoing the motion and inversely proportional to the radius of the curvature of the motion path. The centripetal or normal acceleration a, can be given by;
a = [tex]\frac{v^2}{r}[/tex]
Where;
v = speed of the body
r = radius of curvature.