The mineral is an inorganic substance because it is not produced by living organisms and does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Key points:
Inorganic substances are not produced by living organisms, whereas organic substances are.Minerals do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, which are a defining characteristic of organic compounds.Minerals are typically formed through geological processes, such as crystallization from a liquid or solid state, precipitation from mineral-rich water, or the precipitation of minerals from aqueous solutions.Minerals can also be formed by inorganic chemical reactions like precipitation from mineral-rich water.While some organic compounds may be found in rocks and minerals, minerals are not considered organic compounds because they are not produced by living organisms, and do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds.Learn more about minerals here:
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do you think that mass of the molecule has an effect on the rate of evaporation? use evidence from your experiment to enforce your answer.
Yes, the mass of a molecule does affect the rate of evaporation. Generally, heavier molecules evaporate more slowly than lighter molecules because they require more energy to escape from the liquid and enter the gas phase.
The rate of evaporation is determined by the amount of energy required for a molecule to escape the liquid and enter the gas phase. Heavier molecules typically have more energy bonds than lighter molecules, making them more difficult to break and therefore requiring more energy to escape from the liquid.
This means that heavier molecules require more energy to escape, which slows down their rate of evaporation compared to lighter molecules. Additionally, larger molecules have a greater surface area which increases their exposure to the environment, promoting evaporation. However, this effect is overshadowed by the increase in energy required for heavier molecules to escape. Therefore, the mass of a molecule does indeed have an effect on the rate of evaporation.
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you have a solution of protein that has a concentration of 200.2 ng/ml. what is this concentration in ugl
If the concentration of a solution is 200.2ng/ml then the concentration of the solution in ugl unit will be 0.2002ug/ml
This concentration can also be expressed in units of μg/ml (micrograms per milliliter).
To calculate this, simply divide the nanograms per milliliter concentration by 1000. In this case, 200.2 ng/ml will be divided by 1000 which is equal to 0.2002 μg/ml.
2002.2/1000=0.2002
So this means that the protein solution has a concentration of 0.2002 μg/ml (or 200.2 nanograms per milliliter).
Solution concentration is the amount of a solute dissolved in a solvent expressed as a ratio or percentage.
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what is the function of a catalytic converter? group of answer choices it reduces photochemical smog. it reduces nitrogen monoxide. all of these are correct. it reduces particulate pollution.
All the options are correct. The catalytic converter reduces nitrogen monoxide, photochemical smog and also particulate pollution.
An internal combustion engine's emissions are reduced using a catalytic converter. The majority of contemporary cars and trucks use it.
Because there isn't enough oxygen to completely oxidize the carbon fuel in these engines into carbon dioxide and water, hazardous byproducts are created instead.
Catalytic converters are used in exhaust systems to provide a site for the oxidation and reduction of toxic by-products (like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons) of fuel into less hazardous substances such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen gas.
Utilized in exhaust systems, catalytic converters allow for the conversion of harmful fuel byproducts like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbons into less dangerous ones like carbon dioxide, water vapor, and nitrogen gas.
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How do you calculate relative formula?
The relative formula mass, Mr., is obtained by multiplying the subscript of each element in the formula by its relative atomic mass, Ar, in the periodic table.
The results for each element are added to provide the relative formula mass.
A body's bulk is an innate characteristic. It was commonly believed to be related to the volume of matter in a physical body prior to the discovery of atom and particle physics. It was found that various atoms and elementary particles had varying weights, while having the same weight in principle. Modern physics has several alternative conceptualizations of mass that are conceptually distinct but materially equal.
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Generates a large volume of solid radioactive waste.
Fission or Fusion
Generates a large volume of solid radioactive waste is the fission.
The nuclear fission is the process in which the atoms nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The nuclear fission produces the large amount of the energy. It does not occurs naturally. The nuclei generates through the fission power plant is unstable. This is the disadvantage of the nuclear fission. The process of the fission produces the gamma photons and releases the large amount of energy as compared to the nuclear fusion. The fission is the process of splitting the nucleus of atom into the two daughter nuclei.
Thus, the nuclear fission generates the huge amount of solid radioactive waste.
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Calculate the decrease in temperature when 6.00 L at 20.0 °C is compressed to 4.00 L.
To calculate the decrease in temperature when 6.00 L at 20.0 °C is compressed to 4.00 L, we need to use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT.
How do you calculate temperature drop due to pressure drop?You subtract the final temperature from the starting temperature to find the difference. So if something starts at 50 degrees Celsius and finishes at 75 degrees C, then the change in temperature is 75 degrees C – 50 degrees C = 25 degrees C. For decreases in temperature, the result is negative.Use the formula: k = T1/P1. For example, if a gas at an initial temperature of 300 K and an initial pressure of 100 Pa, drops by 50 Pa, the proportionality constant k = 3 K/Pa = 300/100 = T1/P1. Multiply the drop in pressure by the proportionality constant k to obtain the drop in temperature.First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin: 20.0 °C + 273.15 = 293.15 KNext, we need to find the initial pressure, using the ideal gas law: P1V1 = nRT, where P1 = initial pressure, V1 = initial volume, n = number of moles, R = ideal gas constant, T = temperature in Kelvin. We know that V1 = 6.00 L, T = 293.15 K, and R = 8.314 J/mol·K. We do not know the value of n, so we can assume it is 1 mole. Therefore, P1 = (nRT) / V1 = (1 x 8.314 x 293.15) / 6.00 = 476.89 J/LFinally, we can calculate the final pressure, using the same equation: P2V2 = nRT, where P2 = final pressure, V2 = final volume. We know that V2 = 4.00 L, T = 293.15 K, and R = 8.314 J/mol·K. Substituting these values into the equation, we get P2 = (nRT) / V2 = (1 x 8.314 x 293.15) / 4.00 = 715.34 J/LTo find the decrease in temperature, we subtract the final pressure from the initial pressure: P1 - P2 = 476.89 J/L - 715.34 J/L = -238.45 J/LSo the decrease in temperature when 6.00 L at 20.0 °C is compressed to 4.00 L is -238.45 J/L.To learn more about temperature refer to:
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Why is CH4 called methane?
The name methane for CH₄ is proposed by the germen chemist. The name methane is the from the name methanol.
The methane , CH₄ is the colorless and the odorless gas. The is derived from the name methanol. The formula for the methanol is CH₃OH. The OH group is replaced by the one hydrogen atom and forms the methane , that is CH₄ .
The methane is the simplest form of the saturated hydrocarbon that is alkane. The methane is composed of the four hydrogen atoms and a carbon atoms. The four hydrogen atoms satisfy the valency of the carbon atom.
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How many moles of CO2 are in 1 mole of CaCO3?
1 mole of CO2 is present in the 1 mole of CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate) as per the Molar ratio among them.
What is Molar Ratio?A mole ratio is a conversion factor used in chemical reactions to link the mole quantities of any two compounds. A conversion factor's numbers are derived from the balanced chemical equation's coefficients.
The Molar Ratio of CO2:CaCO3 is 1:1, Hence, 1Mole of CO2 Is produced By 1 mole of CaCO3.Calcium Carbonate:Calcium carbonate is used as a dietary supplement. The body needs calcium for strong bones, muscles, a healthy neurological system, and a healthy heart. In addition to being an antacid, calcium carbonate is used to treat stomach discomfort, heartburn, and acid indigestion.
Calcium carbonate, having the chemical formula CaCO3, is a substance. The primary component of eggshells, gastropod shells, shellfish skeletons, and pearls, it is a common substance found in rocks as the minerals calcite and aragonite.
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Periodic Trends
1) what trend do you see in atomic radius as you go down a group?
2) what causes this trend?
3) Circle the atom in each pair that has the largest atomic radius
(a) S or O
(b) Na or Al
(c) Al or B
(d) Br or Cl
(e) Mg or Ca
(f) O or F
4) Define ionization energy
5) Why does sodium form a 1 + ion while magnesium forms a 2 + ion?
6) Circle the atom in each pair that has the greater ionization energy
(a) Li or Be
(b) Na or K
(c) Cl or S
(d) Li or K
(e) Ca or Ba
(f) P or Ar
Pls help me with this:)
Explanation:
1 As you go down a group, the atomic radius of the elements increases.
2 This trend is caused by the increase in the number of electron shells as you go down a group. As more electron shells are added, the distance of the outermost electrons from the nucleus increases, resulting in a larger atomic radius.
3 (a) S
(b) Na
(c) B
(d) Br
(e) Mg
(f) O
4 Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom or an ion.
5 Sodium has a low ionization energy because its outermost electron is only weakly attracted to the nucleus. The electron is therefore relatively easy to remove, resulting in the formation of a 1+ ion. Magnesium, on the other hand, has a higher ionization energy because its outermost electron is more strongly attracted to the nucleus. It takes more energy to remove this electron, resulting in the formation of a 2+ ion.
6 (a) Li
(b) Na
(c) Cl
(d) Li
(e) Ca
(f) Ar
Ionization energy generally increases as you go across a row in the periodic table. This is because the electron shielding effect decreases and the nuclear charge increases as you go from left to right in a row. The electron is therefore more strongly attracted to the nucleus, requiring more energy to remove it.
two solutions that have the same solute concentration is called
When two solutions have the same concentration of solute are described as isotonic solution.
An isotonic solution can be defined as a solution which possesses the same osmolarity, meaning solute concentration, as another solution. Water would further stream and move in and divide into the equal parts out of one solution as well as into the other if all these two solutions were connected by a semipermeable membrane.
Hypotonic fluid can be described a fluid which has less fluid, carbohydrates, as well as salt than blood. All the Hypertonic fluids contains more fluid, carbohydrates, and salt even than blood. Isotonic fluids contains fluid, carbohydrates, and salt concentrations are similar to those found in the blood of the organisms.
If the concentrations of both the internal as well as the external solutions were the same, the two solutions are classified as isotonic.
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an oxidizing agent a. loses electrons. b. must contain oxygen. c. increases its oxidation number. d. becomes oxidized. e. none of these
An oxidizing agent does not lose electrons, does not contain oxygen, does not increase its oxidation number, and does not become oxidized. The correct answer is e.
An oxidizing agent is a substance that causes oxidation in another substance by accepting electrons from it. During a chemical reaction, the oxidizing agent accepts electrons from the other substance, which loses electrons and becomes oxidized. The oxidizing agent does not lose electrons itself, but instead, it increases its oxidation state by accepting electrons. In other words, it is not being oxidized itself. It can be a chemical species that contains oxygen or not, it is not a necessary condition for it.
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A compound is made of 35. 10% barium and 64. 90% iodine. What is the empirical formula ?
A compound is made of 35. 10% barium and 64. 90% iodine. The empirical formula of the compound is BaI₂.
Given that :
Mass of barium = 35.10 g
The molar mass of Barium = 137.32 g/mol
Mass of iodine = 64.90 g
The molar mass of iodine = 126.9 g /mol
The moles of barium = mass / molar mass
= 35.10 / 137.32
= 0.25 mol
The moles of iodine = 64.90 / 126.9
= 0.51 mol
Dividing by the smallest one, we get :
Ba = 0.25 / 0.25 = 1
I = 0.51 / 0.25 = 2
Thus, the empirical formula is BaI₂.
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The van't Hoff factor for MgCl2 is 2. 7.
What is the boiling point of an
aqueous solution that has enough
magnesium chloride added to create a
1. 0 molal solution.
Kpwater=0. 52°C/mole
Round answer to tenths,
Enter text here
The boiling point of an aqueous solution that has enough magnesium chloride added to create a 1. 0 molal solution is 100. 7°C.
What is aqueous solution?An aqueous solution is a mixture of two or more substances in which water is the solvent. The substances can be ions, molecules, or larger particles that are dissolved in the water. The solution can be composed of a single type of particle, such as a solution of salt in water, or it can contain multiple types of particles, such as a solution of sugar and salt in water. Aqueous solutions are very common in everyday life, such as in the preparation of drinks and food, in cleaning, in pharmaceutical products, industrial processes, and in nature.
This is calculated by multiplying the van't Hoff factor (2. 7) by the boiling point elevation constant (Kpwater = 0. 52°C/mole) to get 1. 404°C/mole. Then, multiplying the 1. 404°C/mole by 1 mol of MgCl2 yields 100. 7°C.
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a molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate-containing group
A phospholipid is a molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate-containing group.
Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes, and can be used to store energy and transport molecules across the cell membrane. Phospholipids are amphipathic, meaning they have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions.
This property makes phospholipids an important component of cell membranes, as it allows them to form a bilayer that separates the interior of the cell from its external environment.
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a compound is found to contain 53.70% iron and 46.30% sulfur. find its empirical formula.
The empirical formula for a compound which contains 53.70% iron and 46.30% sulfur is Fe₂S₃.
How to calculate the empirical formula of a compound?In any empirical formula matter, first we have to find the molar mass % of the elements in the compound. Then, change the % into grams. Next, divide all the masses by their molar masses. Continue to pick the smallest answer in moles from the previous step, and divide all the answers by that number. Last, the coefficients calculated in the previous step will become the subscripts in the chemical formula.
In this case, the moles of each element are:
Iron (Fe) = 53.70/55.86 = 0.96 moles
Sulfur (S) = 46.30/32.07 = 1.44 moles
Now, calculate the mole ratio by dividing each mole by smallest mole (0.96):
Fe = 0.96/0.96 = 1
S = 1.44/0.96 = 1.5
Next, multiply by 2 to remove decimal:
Fe = 1 * 2 = 2
S = 1.5 * 2 = 3
Thus, the empirical formula is Fe₂S₃.
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What happens to the carbonyl peak in a ring as the size of the ring contracts? O Peak wavenumber shifts right by 60 for every carbon atom removed
O Peak wavenumber shifts right by 30 for every carbon atom removed O Peak wavenumber shifts left by 60 for every carbon atom removed
O Peak wavenumber shifts left by 30 for every carbon atom removed
The carbonyl peak wavenumber shifts to the right by 30 for every carbon atom removed as the size of the ring contracts.
In an IR spectroscopy, the carbonyl peak is characterized by a strong absorption band between 1710-1730 cm-1. The carbonyl peak is due to the stretching of the C=O bond. In a ring system, the carbonyl peak shifts to the right as the size of the ring contracts. This is due to the decrease in the conjugation of the carbonyl group, which causes the electrons in the carbonyl double bond to be less delocalized and results in a stronger C=O bond. This causes the peak to shift to the right. The shift is about 30 cm-1 for every carbon atom removed from the ring. This change in the carbonyl peak can be used to identify the ring size, and the degree of conjugation of the carbonyl group.
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two or more substances that are not chemically combined___
What is the freezing point, in °C, of a 0.407 m solution of C5H4 in benzene? FP (benzene) = 5.5 °C Kf(benzene) = 5.12 °C/m
The freezing point, in °C, of a 0.407 m solution in benzene is 3.42°C
How to calculate freezing point?Freezing point refers to the temperature at which a liquid freezes, and the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium.
According to this question, a 0.407 m solution is in benzene solution. The freezing point of the solution can be calculated as follows:
∆T = K × m
Where;
K = freezing point constant∆T = freezing pointm = molality∆T = 5.12 × 0.407
∆T = 2.084°C
Freezing point in benzene = 5.5°C - 2.084°C = 3.42°C
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Answer:
b, d, -13.4
Explanation:
In an investigation that uses the scientific method, which step immediately follows asking a question?
presenting the results
making observations
creating a hypothesis (CORRECT ANSWER)
designing an experiment
answer is C, its on the unit test
Answer: C
Explanation:its on unit test
Answer:
C is the correct answer
Explanation:
12. Assertion : Atomicity of oxygen molecule is 2.
Reason: 1 mole of an element contains 6. 022 x 1023 atoms.
a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but the reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).
c. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
The assertion : Atomicity of oxygen molecule is 2. And the reason: 1 mole of an element contains 6.022 x 10²³ atoms. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but the reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A) (option B)
We must keep in mind that one mole of a substance equals 6.02 x 10²³ units of that substance (such as atoms, molecules, or ions). Avogadro's number or Avogadro's constant is the number 6.022 x 10²³.
As a result, option B is correct, indicating that both the assertion and the reason are correct, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
We must understand that all metals and some other elements, such as carbon, do not have a simple structure but are made up of an infinite number of atoms bonded together. Their atomicity cannot be determined and is usually assumed to be one. Atomicity can differ between allotropes of the same element. There is a straightforward method for determining atomicity.
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A 0.1 m solution is diluted by three orders of magnitude. what is the new concentration?
10^-4 M
10^-2 M
10^-5 M
10^-3 M
Upon dilution by three orders of magnitude, the new concentration is 10^-5 M.
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent (the substance that the solute is dissolved in) to it. This increases the total volume of the solution, but decreases the amount of solute present per unit volume. Dilution can be used to adjust the concentration of a solution to a desired level for a particular application.
When a solution is diluted by three orders of magnitude, the concentration of the solution is reduced by a factor of 10^3 or 1,000. This means that the molarity of the solution is reduced by a factor of 1,000.
To find the new concentration of the solution, we can divide the original concentration by 1,000.
The original concentration of the solution is 0.1 M (molar)
The new concentration of the solution is: 0.1 M / 1,000 = 0.0001 M
So, the new concentration of the solution is 0.0001 M or 10^-5 M after it is diluted by three orders of magnitude.
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How many moles of atoms are in 1 mole of SO2?
The number of the moles of the atoms are in the 1 mole of the SO₂ is 6.022 × 10²³ atoms.
The atoms of any substance in the 1 mole is 6.022 × 10²³ atoms. The SO₂ is the sulfur dioxide and it contains the one sulfur atom and the two oxygen atoms. The moles in the molecule of the substance is given as :
The number of the moles in sulfur dioxide = 1 mol
The number of atoms in the 1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms.
Thus, the the number of atoms in 1 mole of sulfur dioxide is 6.022 × 10²³ atoms.
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What are the 4 types of oxidation-reduction reactions?
The four types of the oxidation-reduction reactions are : Decomposition reaction , combination reaction , Displacement reaction and Disproportionation reaction.
The oxidation - reduction reaction is also called as the redox reaction. The redox reaction is the reaction in which the oxidation and the reduction both occurs at the same time. The example is given as :
Zn + Cu²⁺ ---> Zn²⁺ + Cu
The 4 types of the redox reaction are :
1) Decomposition reaction :
2NaH ----> 2Na + H₂
2) combination reaction :
4Fe + 3O₂ ----> 2Fe₂O₃
3) Displacement reaction
CuSO₄ + Zn ----> Cu + ZnSO₄
4) Disproportionation reaction :
P₄ + 3NaOH + 3H₂O ----> 3NaH₂PO₂ + PH₃
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what is the relationship between monosaccharides and polysaccharides
The relationship between monosaccharides and polysaccharides are that monosaccharides are the building blocks of polysaccharides, which are formed by the linkage of multiple monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides and polysaccharides are both types of carbohydrates, but they have different chemical structures and functions. Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars, are the simplest form of carbohydrates. They are composed of a single sugar unit and include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Monosaccharides can be further classified into aldoses (having an aldehyde group) and ketoses (having a ketone group). They can be used as energy source for cells, and are also the building blocks for other carbohydrates. Polysaccharides, on the other hand, are made up of many sugar units linked together. These carbohydrates are usually large and complex, and they serve a variety of functions in living organisms. They are used for energy storage, structural support, and as reserve food.
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some ionic compounds do not dissolve in water because
Some ionic compounds do not dissolve in water because the ionic forces in these molecules are very high which creates high lattice energy. Due to this hydration decreases. That is why that do not dissolves in water.
The compounds are said to be ionic compounds when the bonds in the compound are formed by transfer of electrons. Then the ionic bonds forms and that is called as ionic compounds. The ionic compound containing carbonate, oxide, or hydroxide anion is insoluble. some sulfates like Barium sulfate, calcium sulfate are insoluble. Because in these ionic compounds the ionic forces in these molecules are very high which creates high lattice energy. Higher the lattice energy decreases the hydration which makes the ionic compound insoluble in water. They do not dissolve in water. Solubility depends upon the lattice energy and Hydration.
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Predict what must happen when a beaker containing a solution of lithium chloride is heated. Check all that apply.A. The Hsoln value will decrease.B. The H3 value will increase.C. Energy will be transferred into the system.D. The reaction will become endothermic.
when a beaker containing a solution of lithium chloride is heated, conditions C, E, F, and G are the correct answers.
When a beaker containing a solution of lithium chloride is heated, energy is transferred into the system, causing the reaction to become exothermic. As the reaction becomes exothermic, the Hsoln value will decrease and the H3 value will increase. The heat energy also causes the solution to become more concentrated as the Li+ ions become more soluble.
This makes the reaction endothermic, meaning that more energy is released from the reaction than is required to start it. As the reaction continues, the temperature of the solution continues to rise until it reaches equilibrium.
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what is the ph of 1.00 l of rainwater that has dissolved 4.18 mg of no2 ? assume that all of the no2 has reacted with water to give nitric acid.
The pH of the solution is 1.954. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral.
The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the solution. Since HNO3 is a strong acid, it is almost completely dissociated in water, so the concentration of H+ ions in the solution is equal to the concentration of HNO3.
We first need to determine the concentration of nitric acid (HNO3) that has formed from the reaction of NO2 with water.
The molar mass of NO2 is 46.006 g/mol, so the number of moles of NO2 dissolved in 1.00 L of water is
4.18 mg / 46.006 g/mol = 0.0910 mol.
Since the reaction between NO2 and water is:
NO2 (aq) + H2O(l) → HNO3 (aq) + NO(g)
The number of moles of HNO3 formed is equal to the number of moles of NO2 present, which is 0.0910 mol.
So, the concentration of HNO3 is 0.0910 mol / 1.00 L = 0.0910 M.
pH = -log(0.0910) =1.954
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A light year is a unit used to express what
Answer:
1 light year = 9.46×10 to the power 15m
light year in a distance travelled by light is 1 year.
Explanation:
according to discussion one light year,90 years request to 9.46 In two turns to Devours
15 ft and light .Hence,A distance travel by light in one year,so light year,a unit of you need a distance.
How many moles of sodium hydroxide are needed to completely neutralize 50 ml of a 0.2 m solution of hcl?
According to molar concentration, there are 10×10[tex]^-3[/tex] moles needed to completely neutralize 50 ml of a 0.2 M solution of HCl.
What is molar concentration?Molar concentration is defined as a measure by which concentration of chemical substances present in a solution are determined. It is defined in particular reference to solute concentration in a solution . Most commonly used unit for molar concentration is moles/liter.
The molar concentration depends on change in volume of the solution which is mainly due to thermal expansion. Molar concentration is calculated by the formula, molar concentration=mass/ molar mass ×1/volume of solution in liters.
In terms of moles, it's formula is given as molar concentration= number of moles /volume of solution in liters.Substituting the values in the given formula , number of moles=molar concentration×volume of solution in liters=0.2×50×10[tex]^-3[/tex]=10×10[tex]^-3[/tex] moles.
Thus,there are 10×10[tex]^-3[/tex] moles needed to completely neutralize 50 ml of a 0.2 M solution of HCl.
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Glass has a hardness that is in the middle of the hardness scale What is the hardness of Glass
Hardness 9
Hardness 8
Hardress 5
tardress 10
The correct answer is option c. Glass has a hardness that is in the middle of the hardness scale. So, the hardness of Glass is 5.
Glass possess high hardness levels compared to many other materials. The majority of glass varieties are brittle in nature, which makes them susceptible to breaking. The high hardness level of glass is due to silicon dioxide's robust Si-O chemical bonds. Glass imperfections, like bubbles and such as surface flaws, like scratches, mostly affects glass strength that reduce it more as they do for other fragile materials.
The hardness of glass can be measured by "Mohs Test," that compares the "scratch hardness" of 10 reference minerals. A mineral's hardness is defined as a measure of its relative resistance to scratching. It is measured by scratching the mineral against another substance of known hardness on the Mohs Hardness Scale.
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