Krebs's cycle, It is essential since it is in charge of creating high-energy molecules like ATP and NADH. Acetyl-CoA is first respired in the cycle.
Because it supplies intermediates for respiration that may be employed in other metabolic pathways, such the production of amino acids and lipids, the Krebs cycle is crucial for controlling the metabolism of the cell. The Krebs cycle is essential for regulating the redox equilibrium of the cell since it helps to avoid the buildup of potentially dangerous reactive oxygen species by removing high-energy electrons from organic molecules. Because respiration controls the cell's metabolism and removes high-energy electrons from organic molecules to prevent damaging reactions, the Krebs cycle is essential to cellular respiration.
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jane accidentally closed the car door on her finger. the nail on that finger eventually fell off and one year later that nail grew back distorted. what nail structure has possibly been permanently damaged?
Matrix nail structure has possibly been permanently damaged
A nail is a claw-like plate found at the tips of most primates' fingers and toes. Nails are similar to claws found in other mammals. Fingernails and toes are comprised of a polymer called alpha-keratin, which is a robust protective protein. Alpha-keratin is present in vertebrate hooves, claws, and horns.
The nail matrix is where your fingernails and toes begin to develop. The matrix generates new skin cells, which push away the old, dead skin cells, resulting in the formation of your nails. As a result, damage to the nail bed or illnesses affecting the matrix might impair the growth of your nails.
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Two lizards with slightly different coloring exist within the same ecosystem. although they look almost alike, they are different species because:____.a. they behave differentlyb. they have different characteristics c. they cannot reproduce with one anotherd. they exist within the same ecosystem
Answer: C. they cannot reproduce with one another.
Explanation:
We can see two lizards of different species in the same ecosystem because they cannot reproduce with one another and that's why they can easily live in the same ecosystem.This is because different species are unable to interbreed and produce healthy offspring. This is because of the mechanism of reproductive isolation, it's like a natural barrier that does not allow them to reproduce. We see a variety of lizards in the same place because of this and they live freely.What is the name of the female reproductive organ whorl in flowering plants?
A. Calyx
B. Corolla
C. Androecium
D. Gynoecium
The female reproductive organ whorl in flowering plants is called Gynoecium.
The gynoecium, or female reproductive organ, consists of the carpel. often refers to the several floral structures that work together to create the ovules that will go on to form the fruit and seeds. In spite of its common designation as the flower's "female" organ, the gynoecium does not directly create female gametes but rather megaspores, each of which grows into a female gametophyte that in turn produces egg cells.
Gynoecium comes in three varieties: monocarpous, apocarpous, and syncarpous. Monocarpous gynoecium is made up of only one carpel. The flower has a single stigma, style, and ovary. An apocarpous gynoecium is made up of several carpels that are isolated from one another. On a single flower, they have several stigmas, styles, and ovaries. Many carpels have fused together to form a syncarpous gynoecium. Tomatoes, mangoes, and coconuts are frequent flowers with syncarpous gynoecium.
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Students are studying the levels of organization in the human body. which level would describe the kidney?
Students are studying the levels of organization in the human body. Organ system level would describe the kidney as it is responsible for purifying blood in the body through nephrons.
The multiplicity of organ systems found in multicellular creatures like humans is absent in plasmodians. These particular systems have been well studied in human anatomy. Functions of these organ systems frequently overlap greatly. The endocrine and neurological systems are both influenced by the hypothalamus, an organ that regulates both. The neuroendocrine system, which connects the two systems, is being studied as a result. The same is true for the musculoskeletal system because of the relationship between the muscular and skeletal systems.
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Which of the following processes involves the production of RNA from the DNA information of a single gene?
Answer:
Transcription is the first step in gene expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA sequence to make an RNA molecule.
if you were to divide a human head into equal parts using a frontal plane and a transverse plane, how and where would it be divided?
If we divided a human head into equal parts using a frontal and a transverse section, it would be divided into four parts, divided vertically into anterior and posterior portions, and horizontally at the top of the ears.
The body's four major anatomical planes are the median, sagittal, frontal, and transverse. The frontal plane, also known as the coronal plane, is a longitudinal line that divides the human body into two halves: dorsal (back) and ventral (belly or front). This plane is used on both animals and humans, and it is distinguished by its transection at both shoulders.
The coronal plane (frontal or Y-X plane) divides the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (front) sections. It also divides the anterior and posterior parts. The superior and inferior bodies are divided by the transverse plane (axial or X-Z plane). The superior and inferior (head and tail) portions of the body are divided by the transverse plane (axial or X-Z plane).
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What is the function of messenger RNA Mcq?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a type of RNA that plays a crucial role in the process of protein synthesis in cells. The function of mRNA is to carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs.
The process by which mRNA is synthesized is called transcription. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA is copied into a complementary RNA molecule. The mRNA molecule that is produced in this process contains all the information necessary for the synthesis of a specific protein. This information is encoded in the sequence of nucleotides that make up the mRNA molecule, which is read by the ribosomes in groups of three nucleotides, known as codons.
After transcription, the mRNA molecule travels out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm, where it binds to a ribosome. The ribosome reads the sequence of codons on the mRNA and uses this information to synthesize a specific protein. This process is called translation.
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describe or draw a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds
of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed,
resulting in a net transfer of energy.
Cellular respiration is a chemical process that occurs in the cells of all living organisms. It involves the breakdown of food molecules, such as glucose, and the subsequent production of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
What is cellular respiration?The process can be broken down into a few key steps:
Glycolysis: In the cytoplasm of the cell, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, releasing a small amount of energy in the form of ATP and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).
Transition reaction: The pyruvate molecules then enter the mitochondria, where they undergo a transition reaction, which converts them into acetyl-CoA. This step also releases a small amount of energy in the form of ATP and NADH.
Citric Acid Cycle: Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, where it is broken down further, releasing more energy in the form of ATP, NADH, and FADH2 (flavin adenine dinucleotide).
Electron Transport Chain: The NADH and FADH2 molecules produced in the previous steps are then used in the electron transport chain, which occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Here, electrons are transferred to oxygen molecules, which results in the production of water and the release of a large amount of energy in the form of ATP.
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imagine that a scientist is able to isolate a single, intact nerve cell from a human cadaver. how large could this cell be?
Explanation:
it could be a meter
meter is the answer
suppose that a geneticist discovers a new mutation in drosophila melanogaster that causes the flies to shake and quiver. she calls this mutation quiver, qu, and determines that it is due to an autosomal recessive gene. she wants to determine whether the gene encoding quiver is linked to the recessive gene for vestigial wings, vg. she crosses a fly homozygous for quiver and vestigial traits with a fly homozygous for the wild-type traits, and then uses the resulting f1 females in a testcross. she obtains the flies from this testcross.
A test cross is a cross in which a purebred recessive was crossed with a suspected heterozygous species to determine the genotype of the suspected species.
1. Given that there is less than 50% recombination, it is safe to assume that the species for vestigial wins & quiver mutations are connected.
2. By separating the two loci, the independent assortment test may be performed.
Check for residual wings by:
Using the values we obtain:
The number of freedoms equals n - 1.
Where,
There are two phenotypic classes, or
Thus, degree of freedom equals 1.
We are aware that P has a value between 0.7 and 0.8. Therefore, the projected 1:1 segregation is not deviated by these data.
Last but not least, we assess independent assortment in cases when phenotypic ratios
(A geneticist discovers a new mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that causes the flies to shake and quiver. She calls this mutation quiver (qu) and determines that it is due to an autosomal recessive gene. She wants to determine if the gene encoding quiver is linked to the recessive gene for vestigial wings (vg). She crosses a fly homozygous for quiver and vestigial traits with a fly homozygous for the wild-type traits and then uses the resulting F1 females in a testcross. She obtains the following flies from this testcross.
vg+ sps+ 230
vg sps 224
vg sps+ 97
vg+ sps 99
total 650
1. Are the genes that cause vestigial wings and the spastic mutation linked?
2. Do a chi- square test of independence to determine if it is likely that the genes have assorted independently.
3. List the chi-square value, degree of freedom, P value, and whether you accept or reject the hypothesis of independent assortment.)
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classify each of the statements or conditions with the appropriate organ disorder.
The statements or conditions with the appropriate organ disorder is explained in the explanation below.
Adrenal Disorder:
*Cushing syndrome
*disrupts metabolism and results in hyperglycemia, hypertension, and edema
Pituitary Disorder:
*acromegaly
*GH related dwarfism
*thickening of bones and soft tissues
Thyroid Disorder:
*myxedema
*results from a deficiency of dietary iodine
*endemic goiter
The anterior pituitary produces six hormones: boom hormone, prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone. The thyrotropin-liberating hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-liberating hormone (GnRH), boom hormone-liberating hormone (GHRH), corticotropin-liberating hormone (CRH), somatostatin, and dopamine are launched from the hypothalamus into the blood and journey to the anterior pituitary.
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Complete question:
Classify each of the statements or conditions with the appropriate organ disorder Thickening of bones and soft tissues Results from a deficiency of dietary lodine GH related dwarfism Disrupts metabolism and results in hyperglycemia, hypertension and edema Endemic goiter Cushing syndrome Adrenal Disorder Pituitary Disorder Thyroid Disorder < Prev 10of 50 ill Next > g88 3 5 6 9
What is the main structural difference between starch and glycogen?
Starch and glycogen are both polysaccharides made up of glucose molecules, but they have different structures.
Starch is a linear polymer of glucose, meaning the glucose molecules are linked together in a straight chain. On the other hand, glycogen is a highly branched polymer, with branches occurring every 8-12 glucose molecules.
This makes glycogen more compact and efficient for storage in the body, particularly in the liver and muscles. Additionally, the branched structure of glycogen allows for quicker and more efficient breakdown and release of glucose into the bloodstream.
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which biomolecule is produced by plants during photosynthesis?
The biomolecules are Carbohydrates and lipids are manufactured from handiest carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO).
Photosynthesis calls for sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water as beginning reactants. After the technique is complete, photosynthesis releases oxygen and produces carbohydrate molecules, maximum typically glucose. By taking in water (H2O) through the roots, carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air, and mild electricity from the Sun, plant life can carry out photosynthesis to make glucose (sugars) and oxygen (O2). Carbohydrates and lipids are manufactured from handiest carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO). Biomolecules are described as any natural molecule found in a dwelling gas which incorporates carbohydrates, proteins, fat etc. Each biomolecule is critical for frame features and synthetic inside the frame.
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There are necessary conditions that must be met for natural selection to occur. The first is there must be variation in characteristics. Different individuals in a population must have different traits. What is the different trait the surviving cactus has?
Please help its due in an hour...
The data pattern shows variation in the spine number trait, which affects survival supports the claim that natural selection could occur for this spiny cactus population.
What is Natural selection?
This involves the process in which organisms become more suited to their environment thereby leading to an increase in reproduction which reduces risk of extinction.
Organisms adapt to their environment by developing changes in their body parts which in this case is the variation of the spine number trait, thereby boosting survival.
Therefore, The data pattern shows variation in the spine number trait, which affects survival supports the claim that natural selection could occur for this spiny cactus population.
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Which evolutionary mechanism results in adaptation?
natural selection
genetic drift
gene flow
mutation
In dogs, the allele for short hair (H) is dominant over the allele for long hair (h). Two short-haired dogs are the parents of a litter of 8 puppies. Six puppies have short hair and two have long hair. What are the genotypes of the parents?
Hope it helps.
If you have any query, feel free to ask.
What type of structural carbohydrate is found in plants?
Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate found in plants.
The structural element of plant cell walls is cellulose, a fibrous carbohydrate present in all plants. Because of the flora that covers the globe, cellulose is the most prevalent of all carbohydrates, making up more than 50% of all the carbon in the vegetable kingdom.
In nature, cellulose is the carbohydrate that is most prevalent. Plant cell walls benefit from having structural integrity. 1,4 linkage, straight chain, nonbranching constitutes the fundamental unit.
Highly stable, cellulose. Two different kinds of polysaccharides that are present in plants are starch and cellulose. They do, however, differ in terms of their structures and roles. Compared to cellulose, which is utilized for structure and support, starch is largely used for energy storage.
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during telophase what is happening to the genetic material of the cell
During telophase, the genetic material is being evenly divided and packaged into two new nuclei.
What do you mean by Telophase?
Telophase is the final stage of cell division in which the newly formed daughter cells separate. During this stage, the chromosomes that have been replicated in the previous stages of the cell cycle move to opposite poles of the cell. The nuclear envelope reforms, and the spindle fibers that have been used to separate the chromosomes begin to degrade. Telophase marks the completion of mitosis and the beginning of cytokinesis.
The chromosomes are replicating and the nuclear envelope is reforming around each set of chromosomes. The spindle fibers dissolve and the cytoplasm divides into two distinct cells.
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Which phase is responsible for variation in gametes?
The phase that is responsible for variation in gametes is Specifically, meiosis creates new mixtures of genetic material in every of the 4 daughter cells.
These new mixtures end result from the change of DNA among paired chromosomes. Such change manner that the gametes produced via meiosis show off an exceptional variety of genetic variant. Pachytene is the level at which crossing over takes place. Crossing over is answerable for the change of genetic facts among the non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This change of genetic facts is answerable for the genetic variant that takes place throughout generations. It takes place in the course of the crossing over procedure in prophase 1 of meiosis. Here, homologous chromosomes pair up and change random genetic facts for variant.
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How many chromatids in each chromosome at the end of cytokinesis?
At the end of cytokinesis number of chromatids present in each chromosome is 46.
During mitosis, the sister chromatids isolate to inverse sides of the phone. Cytokinesis isolates the cell into two little girl cells, each containing a total arrangement of every one of the 46 chromosomes. Mitosis is the sort of cell division that outcomes in two girl cells that are hereditarily indistinguishable from each other. As per this inquiry, human cells have 46 chromosomes, what partitions during mitosis into girl chromosomes called chromatids..
Cytokinesis is the last phase of cell division in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes. During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm parts in two and the phone separates. The cycle is different in plant and creature cells.
In creature cells, the plasma layer of the parent cell squeezes internal along the cell's equator until two girl cells structure. In the plant cells, a cell plate structures along the equator of the parent cell. Then, at that point, another plasma film and cell wall structure along each side of the cell plate.
Hence,46 chromatids are present in each chromosome.
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Which scientist discovered that all plants are made of cells?
Theodore Schwann & Mattias Schleiden, two German scientists, investigated the cells of plants and animals, respectively. These researchers established that the two types of cells differed significantly from one another and proposed that cells were really the basic building blocks of both trees and plants.
Schwann and Schleiden developed the cell theory, which claims that all living organisms are made out of one or even more cells, as a result of their joint investigations. Theodore Schwann & Mattias Schleiden, two German scientists, investigated the cells of plants and animals, respectively. Existing cells give rise to new ones. Typically, three scientists—Theodor Schwann, Matthias Jacob Schleiden, & Rudolf Virchow—are credited with creating the cell theory. These researchers established that the two types of cells differed significantly from one another and proposed that cells were really the basic building blocks of both trees and plants. Schwann and Schleiden proposed that cells were really the fundamental building block of life in 1839.
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fungus that contains the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin; been used for thousands of years as a hallucinogen
The term "magic mushroom" refers to a type of fungus that contains the hallucinogenic substances psilocybin and psilocin and has been used as a hallucinogen for thousands of years.
Psilocybin-containing mushrooms, which include species from the genera Conocybe, Gymnopilus, Panaeolus, Pluteus, and Stropharia, are classified as hallucinogenic mushrooms. The serotonergic hallucinogen psilocybin is found in these "magic," hallucinogenic fungus. Due to the widespread use of hallucinogens, these mushrooms have a significant level of toxicity. Psilocybin and its main metabolite, psilocin, resemble lysergic acid diethylamide. Within 0.5–1 hours of intake, these hallucinogens start to influence the central nervous system, causing ataxia, hyperkinesis, and hallucinations.
Psilocybin and psilocin, which are hallucinogens and Class I banned narcotics, are found in magic mushrooms (psychoactive fungus) that are grown in the United States, Mexico, South America, and many other regions of the world. You can consume magic mushrooms uncooked, prepared with other foods, or dried. These mushrooms may be mistaken for non-hallucinogenic varieties or even for harmful varieties like the Amanita Class.
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The complete question is:
Which fungus that contains the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin has been used for thousands of years as a hallucinogen?
portion of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle is called
Portion of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle is called autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is a peripheral nervous system component that controls involuntary physiologic functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, digestion, and sexual arousal. It is divided into three anatomical divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric.
The component of the nervous system that regulates the muscles of internal organs and glands (such as the heart, blood vessels, lungs, stomach, and intestines) (such as salivary glands and sweat glands).
All "automatic" physiological activities, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, mouth-watering (salivating), and food transit through the bowels, are controlled by the autonomic nerve system (peristalsis).
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if aabb is mated to match aabb what is the probability that the offspring will have either the penotype aab-or the genotype aabb
When mating two parents with the genotype aabb, the offspring has a 50% chance of having either the phenotype aab- or the genotype aabb.
This is because half of the offspring will receive one allele from each parent, and half will receive two alleles from one parent. This means that the probability of having either the penotype aab- or the genotype aabb is 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.25, or 25%.
If two organisms with the genotype aabb are mated together, the probability that their offspring will have either the phenotype aab- or the genotype aabb is 50%.
This is because the probability of any one allele passing from parent to offspring is 50%. Therefore, the probability of both alleles passing from parent to offspring is 50% x 50% = 25%, giving the same probability for either of the two alleles passing from parent to offspring to be 50%.
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Which statement best describes the relationship of the kidneys and the liver to the circulatory system?
A. The kidneys and the liver pump blood.
B. The kidneys and the liver produce blood cells.
C. The kidneys and the liver remove wastes from blood.
D. The kidneys and the liver make blood-clotting proteins.
function?
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The kidneys and the liver remove wastes from blood.
What is a vulnerability Mcq?
A vulnerability is a flaw that hackers can exploit to obtain unauthorized access to computer systems.
Vulnerabilities can be flaws in the hardware itself or in the software that runs on it. A threat actor, such as an attacker, can use vulnerabilities to cross privilege boundaries inside a computer system. An attacker must have least one appropriate tool or method that can connect to the a system flaw in order to exploit a vulnerability. In this context, vulnerabilities are often referred to as the attack surface.
The usage of the words vulnerability and risk interchangeably might cause misunderstanding. The risk is the possibility of a major impact as a result of a vulnerability being exploited. Then there are vulnerabilities that provide no danger, such as when the afflicted asset has no monetary worth.
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identify at least two factors that can affect respiratory rate and describe how they affect it.
Two factors that can affect the respiratory rate are oxygen concentration, salt concentration, and temperature.
One of the most important vital signs of the human body is the respiratory rate. It's about how many breaths you take in a minute.
Temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide, salts, water, hormones, light, inhibitors, age, injury or disease, and other factors all affect respiration rate. The rate of respiration increases with temperature. As the concentration of oxygen rises, so does the rate of respiration. As the salt concentration rises, the respiration rate decreases.
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telomerase adds six deoxynucleotides to the end of a dna strand using a built-in rna template. explain why the templating region of the rna includes one and a half repeats of the telomeric sequence
A chromosome's end contains a stretch of repeating DNA sequences known as a telomere. Telomeres prevent the ends of chromosomes from fraying or tangling.
Are telomeres formed of RNA?Telomerase RNA component, also known as TR, TER, or TERC, is a ncRNA present in eukaryotes that is a part of telomerase, the enzyme that extends telomeres. For telomere replication (reverse transcription) by telomerase, TERC acts as a template.One strand of telomeric DNA is synthesized from scratch by the eukaryotic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) telomerase through the action of its specialized reverse transcriptase.A chromosome's end contains a stretch of repeating DNA sequences known as a telomere. Telomeres prevent the ends of chromosomes from fraying or tangling. The telomeres get a little bit shorter each time a cell divides.To learn more about telomere refer to:
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the cells of all organisms are separated from the outside by a
The plasma membrane, which would be a bilayer of phospholipids & related proteins, is located inside the cell wall. The plasma membrane effectively separates the interior of the cell from its surrounding environment, in contrast to the porous and easily permeable cell wall.
The membrane that divides that interior of the cell from of the external environment is known as the plasma membrane, sometimes known as the cell membrane, and it is present in all cells. Four essential parts are present in all cells: The cell membrane is an exterior layer that divides the inside of the cell from its surroundings. Target cells are isolated from heterogeneous mixtures using the technique known as immunomagnetic cell separation. In order to achieve this, antibodies, enzymes, lectins, as well as streptavidin are used to bind the magnetic particles to particular key proteins on the target cells. plasma lining. The cell's outer layer is known as the plasma membrane. It keeps the cell isolated from its surroundings while allowing materials to enter or leave the cell.
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Anatomy and Physiology.
1) What important tissue in the body helps create “order”?
What are the two types of this tissue?
Organ one layer with cells in different shapes and sizes. Organ is the important tissue in the body helps create “order”.
What is organ?An organ is made up of two or more tissue to perform one or more specific physiological functions. Organs can be made up of four type of tissue nervous, epithelium, muscular and connective tissue.
Most of the organ contains all four tissue for example small intestine. Internal wall of small intestine is made up of epithelium tissue which is surrounded by smooth muscles and connective tissue containing neurons.
Therefore, Organ one layer with cells in different shapes and sizes. Organ is the important tissue in the body helps create “order”.
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