Answer:
The second ionization energy of Mg is larger than the first because it always takes more energy to remove an electron from a positively charged ion than from a neutral atom. The third ionization energy of magnesium is enormous, however, because the Mg2+ ion has a filled-shell electron configuration.
Explanation:
MAKE SURE TO REPHRASE
Water is able to dissolve many compounds as a result of which of the following? 1) the fact that most nonwater molecules are hydrophobic
2) the fact that water molecules are polar
3) the fact that the hydrogen atoms in water molecules have a slight negative charge
4) the fact that water molecules are nonpolar
5) the fact that water molecules are polar, and that the hydrogen atoms in water molecules have a slight negative charge
Water is able to dissolve many compounds is the 2) the fact that water molecules are polar.
When a liquid spreads over the surface flippantly with out the formation of droplets, a floor is wetted. If that liquid is water, the surface is hydrophilic. Water molecules have a polar association of oxygen and hydrogen atoms—one side (hydrogen) has a wonderful electric charge and the alternative side (oxygen) had a terrible rate. This lets in the water molecule to turn out to be drawn to many different unique varieties of molecules. Generally speaking, water is right at dissolving ions and polar molecules, however terrible at dissolving nonpolar molecules.
Thus, option 2 is the correct choice.
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Selenium
Find
a) highest energy level
b) inner-energy levels
c) unpaired electrons present
d) pairs of electrons present
e) filled orbitals present
f) unfilled orbitals present
g) empty orbitals present
h) the charge of selenium when it is stable
Answer:
its B
Explanation:
i did the test yesterday
The configuration for the selenium subatomic particle with the maximum energy content is 4 s 2 followed by 4 p 4 point.
Explain electron configuration of selenium.
For selenium, the fundamental notation is [Ar]3d104s24p4. It has a Lewis structure. Due to the fact that they are not in the outer shell, which is the primary energy level 4, the ten 3d electrons of selenium are not visible. Selenium is paramagnetic because it possesses two unpaired electrons in the 4p-orbital.
Tellurium and polonium are also members of the sulfur family, which includes selenium. This family's outermost shell has six electrons. The electron configuration of selenium particularly is 2-8-18-6. Selenium can have a range of valence values thanks to the six electrons in its outermost shell.
Two electrons are present in the selenium atom's filled "4s" subshell. A "3d" subshell filled with 10 electrons. A "4p" subshell with four empty electrons. Selenium has an atomic number of 34. Thus, it possesses 34 electrons in total. With 6 valence electrons, the Se element needs 2 additional electrons to become stable, or we may say to complete its octet. Se's ion has a +2 charge as a result.
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consider the structures of substituted cyclohexane rings, and identify the depicted position of the red methyl substituents.
Considering the substituted cyclohexane rings, the depicted position of the red methyl substituent is equatorial.
What is a cyclohexane ring?
Three axial and three equatorial bonds are present on each face of the cyclohexane ring.
The substituted cyclohexane compound is shown in the accompanying image. Two substituents of a molecule are trans to one another if they are on opposite sides of the structure.
Axially and equatorially bonded surfaces alternate on each face. Then they will alternate axial-equatorial-axial while gazing at the "up" bond on each carbon in the cyclohexane ring, ect.
Therefore, the red methyl substituent is shown in an equatorial location when compared to the substituted cyclohexane rings.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
The image of the substituted cyclohexane ring is added.
How do the surviving terranauts get back to the seafloor?
a. By detonating nuclear bombs
b. They the use the magnetic field to repel themselves ba
c. They are carried by magma flows from the core
d. A very large geode
The surviving terranauts get back to the seafloor by using the magnetic field to repel themselves back down. Correct answer: letter B.
This is accomplished by using a device known as a magnetometer, which measures and detects the Earth's magnetic field. By measuring the direction and strength of the field, the terranauts can use it to guide their movement back to the seafloor.
The terranauts use the magnetometer to detect the Earth's magnetic field and use it for directional guidance. They can then use the magnetometer to control their movements and navigate back to the seafloor.
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to determine the amount of water that must be cleared to produce urine with the same osmolality as the ultrafiltrate, one should perform:
One should perform a dilution test. This involves measuring the osmolality of the ultrafiltrate and adding a known amount of water to it.
The osmolality of the mixture is then measured and compared to the osmolality of urine. The amount of water that needs to be added to the ultrafiltrate to obtain the same osmolality as urine can then be determined.
The dilution test is the best method for determining the amount of water that needs to be cleared to produce urine with the same osmolality as the ultrafiltrate. This is because it allows for a direct comparison between the osmolality of the ultrafiltrate and the osmolality of urine.
By measuring the osmolality of the ultrafiltrate and then adding a known amount of water to it, the osmolality of the mixture can be compared to the osmolality of urine. This direct comparison allows for a precise determination of the amount of water that must be cleared to produce urine with the same osmolality as the ultrafiltrate. Other methods such as calculating the osmotic pressure of the ultrafiltrate and urine are more indirect and therefore less accurate.
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what is the vapor pressure (in mm hg ) of a solution of 4.75 g of br2 in 148.5 g of ccl4 at 300 k ? the vapor pressure of pure bromine at 300 k is 30.5 kpa , and the vapor pressure of ccl4 is 16.5 kpa .
The vapor pressure of a 4.75 g of Br2 in 148.5 g of CCl4 at 300 K is approximately 17.18 mmHg.
This is calculated by taking the vapor pressure of pure Bromine at 300 K (30.5 kPa) multiplied by the mass fraction of Bromine in the solution, and then adding the vapor pressure of pure CCl4 at 300 K (16.5 kPa) multiplied by the mass fraction of CCl4 in the solution.
The vapor pressure of a solution is determined by the vapor pressure of each of the compounds present in the solution, as well as the amount of each that is present.
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Can the static friction on the book be greater than the force the push-pull balance applies
to the book? Explain your ideas.
Yes, the static friction on the book can be greater than the force the push-pull balance applies to the book.
What is static friction?
Static friction is a force that resists the motion of two objects that are in contact with each other. It is the force that must be overcome before an object can start to move. Static friction is produced by the surface irregularities of the objects in contact, and is proportional to the normal force, or the force pressing the two objects together. As a result, the greater the force pressing the two objects together, the greater the static friction.
The static friction on the book be greater than the force the push-pull balance applies to the book because static friction is a force that resists motion when two objects are in contact with each other and the two objects are not yet moving. Static friction is always greater than the force of friction caused by the push-pull balance because static friction is a resistive force that acts to oppose any motion that is trying to take place.
Therefore, Yes, the static friction on the book can be greater than the force the push-pull balance applies to the book.
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convert 18.2L He at STP to moles
The conversion of 18.2L of He at STP to moles is 0.8125 moles.
What are moles?The International System of Units uses the mole (symbol: mol) as the unit of material quantity. For extremely small objects like atoms, molecules, or other particles, chemists must quantify using moles.
A helpful set of reference conditions is standard temperature and pressure (STP), which can be used to compare various gas properties. Gases have a volume per mole of 22.4 L at STP.
1 mol = 22.4L
So we have 18.2L
18.2L will equal 0.8125 moles.
Therefore, 18.2L of He at STP equals 0.8125 moles when converted to moles.
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How is citric acid, a 6-carbon compound, produced in the krebs cycle?
Actually, acetyl-CoA and OAA, a four-carbon molecule, unite to start the Krebs cycle (oxaloacetate). Citric acid, which has six carbon atoms, is the result of this
The Krebs cycle is sometimes known as the citric acid cycle for this reason.
Since citric acid is also the first byproduct of the Krebs cycle, it is present in nearly every living thing's metabolism.
Recall that the first stage of cellular respiration, glycolysis, yields two pyruvate molecules. These substances enter a mitochondrion's matrix, where they initiate the Krebs cycle.
Pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis initiates the Krebs cycle. The diagram's tiny circles stand in for one carbon atom. For instance, OAA (oxaloacetate) is a four carbon molecule, but citric acid is a six carbon molecule. As the cycle continues, pay attention to what happens to the carbon atoms. How many ATP molecules are created per one cycle turn? What number of NADH and FADH2 molecules are generated?
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A plastic bottle of soda pop is opened up 1000 m below the Earth's surface. Using
Boyle's Law, would you expect the gas bubbles to be larger or smaller than those formed if the same bottle of soda pop was opened at sea level? Why?
According to Boyle's law, a gas's pressure is inversely proportional to its volume when the gas is of a certain mass and maintained at a constant temperature.
What is Boyle’s Law?According to Boyle's law, a gas's pressure is inversely proportional to its volume when the gas is of a certain mass and maintained at a constant temperature. In other words, as long as the temperature and volume of the gas remain constant, the relationship between a gas's pressure and volume is inverse. In the year 1662, Robert Boyle, an Anglo-Irish scientist, proposed Boyle's law.Pressure is produced by the collision of gas molecules with objects. Gas molecules that are packed more closely together produce more collisions, increasing pressure. In other words, a gas experiences a rise in pressure as its volume decreases.To learn more about Boyle's Law refer to:
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What type of bond is formed between oxygen and hydrogen atoms?
Answer:
Strong linkages—called covalent bonds—hold together the hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red) atoms of individual H2O molecules. Covalent bonds occur when two atoms—in this case oxygen and hydrogen—share electrons with each other.
Lab: Physical and Chemical Changes
Assignment: Lab Report Active please help
it is on ED
Physical changes are the changes that happen merely because something's shape or form changes, but its chemical or internal makeup doesn't.
What are chemical changes ?Chemical changes are those that take place when a substance's makeup changes and produces a new compound. These modifications are permanent. Chemical reactions result in these modifications.
Examples of chemical changes are combustion of fuel or wood: that oil or wood convert into energy, CO₂ and ash in case of wood.
Example of physical changes are Ice forming from water, turning water into gas, The water molecules in this substance don't change in composition or state; they just rearrange themselves.
Thus, Physical changes are the changes that happen merely because something's shape or form changes.
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what is the mass in grams of 0.700 moles of water h20?
The mass in grams of 0.700 moles of water is 12.611 g.
What do you mean by mass?Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is measured in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Mass is determined by weighing an object on a scale. The more matter an object has, the more it will weigh and the greater its mass.
Calculate the molar mass of water (H2O):Molar mass of H2O = 2 x 1.008 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol
= 18.016 g/mol
Multiply the molar mass of H2O by the moles of H2O.
0.700 moles of H2O x 18.016 g/mol
= 12.611 g of H2O
Hence, the mass in grams of 0.700 moles of water is 12.611 g of H2O.
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A radioisotope lab created a new radioactive isotope. In order to determine the half-life of the new isotope, workers measured its mass over time and plotted their data on the curve below. Use the decay curve to answer the following questions. (8 points)
i. What was the half-life of the new isotope? (4 points)
ii. How much of the sample had decayed after 8 minutes? (4 points)
A radioisotope lab created a new radioactive isotope. The half-life of the new isotope is 0.6 minutes.
What do you mean by radioactive isotope ?The term radioactive isotope is defined as an unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Many elements have one or more radioactive isotopes. These isotopes are referred to as radioisotopes. Because their nuclei are unstable, they decay and emit radiation.
4 days.
To calculate half life divide original value by 2.
= 1.2 ÷ 2
= 0.6 minutes
Thus, The half-life of the new isotope is 0.6 minutes.
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Why do oxidation and reduction always occur together?
Oxidation and reduction always occur together because they are two sides of the same chemical reaction.
Oxidation is the process of losing electrons, while reduction is the process of gaining electrons. During a redox reaction, the electrons that are gained by one molecule or ion have to come from another molecule or ion, which is then oxidized.
This is why oxidation and reduction always occur together - they are complementary processes that must take place in order for the reaction to occur.
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Calculate the mass, in grams, of 752 atoms of lithium, Li (1 mol of Li has a mass of 6. 94 g)
The mass, of 752 atoms of lithium (Li) is 8.68 x 10^-22 grams, and Li has a mass of 6.94 g per mol.
The mass of 752 atoms of lithium can be calculated using the formula:
mass = number of moles x molar mass
To find the number of moles, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is the number of atoms in one mole of a substance. The number of atoms per mole is 6.022 x 1023.
To find the number of moles of lithium in 752 atoms, we can use the following formula:
Number of atoms / Avogadro's number equals the number of moles.
So, the number of moles of lithium in 752 atoms is:
752 atoms / (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) = 1.25 x 10^-22 mol
Now we can use this number of moles to find the mass of lithium:
= mass
= 1.25 x 10^-22 mol x 6.94 g/mol
= 8.68 x 10^-22 g
So, the mass of 752 atoms of lithium is 8.68 x 10^-22 grams.
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between the two reactants, we have purposefully chosen to use excess acetic acid over excess isopentyl alcohol. why is excess acid easier to remove from the crude product than excess alcohol?
Excess acetic acid is easier to remove from the crude product than excess isopentyl alcohol because acetic acid is much more volatile than isopentyl alcohol.
Acetic acid has a much lower boiling point than isopentyl alcohol, so it is easier to evaporate. This process of evaporation can be performed at much lower temperatures than isopentyl alcohol.
Additionally, acetic acid is much more water soluble than isopentyl alcohol, so it can be easily extracted using aqueous solutions. Overall, excess acetic acid is much easier to remove from the crude product than excess isopentyl alcohol.
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a 25.0 ml volume of hcl solution of unknown concentration is titrated with a 0.184 m naoh solution. neutralization of the hcl solution requires 33.6 ml of the naoh solution. calculate the concentration of the hcl solution.
To calculate the concentration of the HCl solution, we need to use the equation: c = n/v, where c is the concentration, n is the number of moles of HCl, and v is the volume of solution.
Since we know that 33.6 ml of 0.184 M NaOH is required to neutralize the HCl solution, we can use the equation: n = cv, where n is the number of moles of NaOH, to calculate the number of moles of HCl.
So, n = 0.18433.6 = 6.1744 moles. Now, we can use the equation c = n/v, where c is the concentration, n is the number of moles of HCl, and v is the volume of solution, to calculate the concentration of the HCl solution: c = 6.1744/25.0 = 0.24696 M.
Therefore, the concentration of the HCl solution is 0.24696 M.
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What is the balanced equation for CH4 O2 → CO2 H2O?
For CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O, The balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) with oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) is: CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O + heat energy
This equation shows that one molecule of methane reacts with two molecules of oxygen to produce one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water vapor. The coefficients in front of each molecule indicate the stoichiometry, or the ratio of the number of moles of each substance involved in the reaction. It's important to note that combustion reactions are exothermic, meaning they release heat energy, and the heat energy produced by this reaction is represented by the term "heat energy" at the end of the equation. This equation is balanced because it follows the law of conservation of mass, the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation is the same, and there are 1 carbon atoms, 4 hydrogen atoms and 8 (O2) oxygen atoms on both sides.
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A buffer solution contains ethanoic acid and its conjugate base; the pka of ethanoic acid is 4.74. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution?
At pH 5.0 the solution is buffer. A buffer solution contains ethanoic acid and its conjugate base; the pKa of ethanoic acid is 4.74.
A buffer solution will work between +/- 1 unit of pH around its pKa value of weak acid. A buffer solution is most effective for both for acid addition and base addition when the pH near to pKa value of weak acid. It is far essential to have answers whose pH does now no longer alternate even at the addition of sturdy alkalis or sturdy acids. Such solutions are known as buffer solution. Buffer capability is the capability of a buffer technique to withstand alternate in its pH. The equation is given by, pH = pKa + log [Salt] / [Acid]
Thus, the pH of the buffer solution is 5.0.
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PKa of nitric acid Definition
The pKa value of HNO₃ is -1.3.
The pKa value is used to indicate the strength of an acid. The pKa value of HNO3 is -1.3.
The formula for nitric acid is HNO3, a nitrogen oxoacid in which the nitrogen atom is linked to the remaining two oxygen atoms via equivalent bonds as well as a hydroxyl group. It is an acid that a nitrate has conjugated. The strength of an acid is defined as the ease with which it can lose its proton. A powerful acid can fully ionise in an aqueous solution. Since one proton is donated when the generic acid HA is dissolved in water, the products formed are H3O+ and A. The response may even move in the other direction up until an equilibrium is reached. As a result, it depends on HA's capacity for electron donation and A-'s capacity for electron reception. Calculating the strength of an acid (pKa) at equilibrium can be done if concentrations are HA, H3O+, and A by dividing concentrations of the products generated by the concentration of the original acid.
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The correct and complete question is:
Define pKa of nitric acid.
What is the answer for level 17 in covalent bonding in the collision catalyst playmada games website?
As a result, atoms in group 17 can form a single covalent bond. Because atoms in group 16 require two electrons to form an octet, they can form two covalent bonds.
Electrons are subatomic particles that, along with protons and neutrons, make up the most fundamental component of atoms. For a long time, the atom was thought to be the final structure of an element. The term 'atom' is entirely representative of that thought because it comes from the Greek word for indivisible. All of that changed in 1897, when the English physicist J.J. Thomson discovered electrons as part of subatomic particles, i.e., particles that make up the atom, using his now-famous cathode ray tube experiments.
According to Dalton's atomic theory, atoms are the smallest particles of an element that have the same properties as the element and can never be created or destroyed.
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What is the balanced equation for the combustion of CH4?
A balanced equation for combustion of methane is given below: CH4(g)+2O2(g)→CO2(g)+2H2O(g)
The combustion response components may be written with the hydrocarbon and oxygen at the left side; carbon dioxide and water at the proper side. The energy released is likewise proven at the product side. For the combustion of methane. Methane + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water + power. When methane is burnt in presence of air, it yields carbon dioxide and water and some energy is released in the form of heat. The chemical reaction for the combustion of methane can be depicted as follows:
CH4(g)+2O2(g)→CO2(g)+2H2O(g)
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Bismuth (Bi), oxygen (O2), water (H2O), and ammonia (NH3) are all examples
of pure substances. Which of the following statements describe ALL pure
substances?
They have a definite chemical composition
They can only be compounds.
They consist of only one type of element.
They cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
A pure material is one that, like water, air, or nitrogen, has a constant chemical makeup throughout.
What is the meaning of pure substances?All elements are mostly pure materials. Some of these are diamond, copper, oxygen, chlorine, and gold. The term "pure substance" also refers to compounds like water, salt crystals, baking soda, and others.
Pure substances include things like water, air, and nitrogen that have a constant chemical makeup throughout. One ingredient or compound does not necessarily make up a pure material.
Tin, sulphur, diamond, water, pure sucrose (sucrose), sodium chloride (table salt), baking soda, and sulphur are examples of pure substances (sodium bicarbonate). Generally speaking, crystals are unpolluted materials. As instances of pure chemical elements, consider tin, sulphur, and diamond. Each and every element is a pure material.
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Substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction are called -------- and are written on the ---------- side of the equation.
Answer:
Substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction are called Products and are written on the right side of the equation.
column chromatography uses a stationary and a mobile phase to separate compounds. what is the stationary phase used in this column chromatography experiment?
The stationary phase in column chromatography is typically a solid material, such as silica gel or alumina, that is packed into the column.
The solid stationary phase is usually adsorbent, meaning it can adsorb or stick to certain types of molecules based on their chemical properties. The mobile phase is typically a liquid that flows through the column and carries the mixture of compounds to be separated.
The choice of stationary phase depends on the nature of the compounds that need to be separated and the type of column chromatography being used. For example, silica gel is commonly used for normal phase column chromatography, while alumina is used for reverse phase column chromatography. Other stationary phase materials like cellulose, ion exchange resins, and deactivated silica are also used.
It's important to mention that in the specific experiment it's not clear what stationary phase was used, it's depend on the experiment conditions and the compounds that needs to be separated.
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is salt and sulfur w/water a suspension
Salt and sulfur w/water is a suspension. This is true.
What is a suspension?A heterogeneous mixture is referred to as a suspension if the solid particles are dispersed throughout the liquid without actually dissolving in it. A homogeneous mixture of particles that are visible to the eye and have a diameter larger than 1000 nm is referred to as a suspension.
Salt and sulfur mixed with water would be considered a suspension, as the solid particles (salt and sulfur) are suspended within the liquid (water) and can be separated by filtration or sedimentation.
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What is an example of a oxidation-reduction reaction?
An example of an oxidation-reduction also known as redox reaction is the rusting of iron.
In the rusting process, the iron (Fe) atoms in a piece of metal lose electrons to the surrounding oxygen (O2) molecules, forming iron oxide (FeO). This process is called oxidation, as the iron atoms have lost electrons.
Simultaneously, the oxygen atoms gain electrons, becoming oxygen ions (O2-). This process is called reduction, as the oxygen atoms have gained electrons. The overall process of rusting can be represented by the following equation: Fe + O2 -> FeO. In summary, Iron rusting is an oxidation-reduction reaction where Iron loses electrons to form Iron oxide and Oxygen gains electrons.
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Describe the process of nuclear fusion. How do main sequence stars, red giants and red supergiants differ in their process of making energy
In main-sequence stars, nuclear fusion reactions take place in the core, where hydrogen atoms are fused to form helium. This process is known as the proton-proton chain reaction.
The energy released by this reaction is sufficient to balance the gravitational force that is trying to collapse the star. This process continues until the hydrogen in the core is exhausted, and the star enters the next phase of its life.
Red giants and red supergiants differ in their process of making energy. In red giants, nuclear fusion reactions take place in the outer layers of the star, where helium atoms are fused to form carbon. This process is known as the triple-alpha process. The energy released by this reaction is not sufficient to balance the gravitational force that is trying to collapse the star. The star expands and cools.
In red supergiants, nuclear fusion reactions take place in the core, where heavier elements are fused to form even heavier elements. This process releases much more energy than the proton-proton chain reaction or the triple-alpha process. This energy is not sufficient to balance the gravitational force that is trying
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How many moles of CO2 are produced in the combustion of 1.0 mole of methane?
The number of moles of the CO₂ are produced in the combustion of the 1 mole of methane is 1 mole of the carbon dioxide.
The reaction of combustion of the methane is given as :
CH₄ + 2O₂ ----> CO₂ + 2H₂O
The methane is burnt in the presence of the oxygen produces the 2 moles of the water , H₂O and the 1 mole of the carbon dioxide.
The moles of the methane = 1 mol
The 1 mole of the methane produces the 2 moles of H₂O
The 1 mole of the methane produces the 1 mole of the CO₂ .
Thus, the 1 mole of the methane produce 1 mole of the CO₂ in the combustion of the methane.
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