write an equation that relates the average rate of the reaction to the rate of formation of products and consumption of reactants.

In the reaction catalyzed by aconitase, the conversion of citrate to isocitrate is inhibited by fluoroacetate fluoroacetate is used as a pesticide this an effective pesticide because it inhibit the Krebs cycle

Aconitase catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate and isocitrate and it is the second enzyme in the citric acid cycle and which is a series of enzymes catalyst chemical reaction that is crucial to aerobic cellular respiration and the production of ATP and citrate is isomerized by dehydration and rehydration to isocitrate and fluoroacetate is the highly toxic towards the human and other mammals through inhibition of the enzyme aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and that's why fluoroacetate effective pesticide because it inhibit the Krebs cycle

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Answer:

2× Ar(O) + Ar(H) ×2 =58,3197 g/mol

By activating M₂ muscarinic receptor, acetylcholine released at the heart will slow the rate of action potential generation.

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used at the neuromuscular junction—in other words, it is the chemical that motor neurons of the nervous system release in order to activate muscles. This property means that drugs that affect cholinergic systems can have very dangerous effects ranging from paralysis to convulsions.

An action potential occurs when a neuron sends information down an axon, away from the cell body. Neuroscientists use other words, such as a "spike" or an "impulse" for the action potential. The action potential is an explosion of electrical activity that is created by a depolarizing current.

Acetylcholine slows the heart rate by activating the M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) that, in turn, opens the acetylcholine-activated potassium channel (IK, ACh) to slow the firing of the sinus node.

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The the the molarity of na in the saline solution of nacl in the saline solution was 0.077 M.

Molar concentration is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, especially of a solute in a solution, in terms of the amount of substance according to the unit quantity of the solution. In chemistry, the most normally used unit for molarity is the variety of moles according to liter, having the unit symbol mol/L or mol/dm³ in the SI unit.

Calculation:-

0.45% NaCl by mass

Density = 1.005 g/ml

0.45g NaCl in a total mass of 100 g

100 g in ml = 100/1.005 mL

                  = 99.50 ml

0.450 g NaCl in moles = 0.450 /M nacl

                                     = 0.450/58.44

                                     = 7.70 × 10⁻³ mol

Molarity of NaCl = 7.70 × 10⁻³ /99.50 × 100

                           = 0.077 M

Molarity (M) is the quantity of a substance in a sure volume of answer. Molarity is defined because the moles of a solute according to liters of a solution. Molarity is also called the molar awareness of a solution.

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The  correct equilibrium expressions that match the given reactions are;

We know that in a chemical reaction, there is a number that shows us the extent to which the reactants have been converted into products. We know that the more the reactants are converted into products, the more this value is large and positive. On the other hand, if a lot of the reactants are not converted into products then the value would be negative and small.

This value that I have talking about is called the equilibrium constant. We can be able to obtain the equilibrium constant from the law of mass action. It is the ratio between the concentrations of the products and the reactants all raised to the power of the stoichiometric coefficients.

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The molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.

The structure formula of butanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2COOH, while structural formula of ethyl acetate is CH3COOCH2CH3. Thus, both butanoic acid and ethyl acetate have same number of constituent atoms. Therefore they have same atomic mass. Thus, molecular mass of ethyl acetate is 88.1 amu.

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Polar aprotic solvents are those solvents which have not acidic proton and polar nature.

Polar aprotic solvents are used in SN1 mechanism because these solvated both carbocation and anion .

The SN1 reaction mechanism follows a stepwise process in which the carbocation is first formed by removal of a leaving group. The carbocation is then attacked by a nucleophile. Finally, the protonated nucleophile is deprotonated to yield the desired product.

Thus, polar protic solvents help stabilize both carbocations and anions, and solvation of both cations and anions aids the progression of the SN1 mechanism. Therefore, polar protic solvents favor the SN1 mechanism.

Polar aprotic solvents are solvents that do not have acidic protons and are polar. Such solvents lack hydroxyl and amine groups. Many solvents, including chlorocarbons and hydrocarbons, can be classified as aprotic, but polar aprotic solvents are of particular interest due to their ability to dissolve salts.

examples: Actone , ethyl acetate

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Answer:

a thing that does things

Explanation:

The hydronium-ion concentration of the solution containing 0.0085 M Ba(OH)₂ is 0.017M and the hydroxide-ion concentration of the solution containing 0.0085 M Ba(OH)₂ is 5.88 × 10⁻¹³ M.

Given,

Ba(OH)₂ = 5.88 × 10⁻¹³ M

Dissociation of Ba(OH)₂ is given as :

Ba(OH)₂ → Ba²⁺ + OH⁻

Balanced equation:

Ba(OH)₂ → Ba²⁺ + 2OH⁻

As 1 mole of barium hydroxide produces 2 moles of hydroxide ions, so the concentration of hydroxide ion is,

[OH⁻] = 2 × [Ba(OH)₂]

[OH⁻] = 2 × 0.0085 M

[OH⁻] = 0.017 M

The concentration of hydronium ion is as follows:

[H₃O⁺] = Kw / [OH⁻]

∴ Kw = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴

[H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ / 0.017

⇒ [H₃O⁺] = 5.88 × 10 ⁻¹³

Hence, the hydronium-ion and the hydroxide-ion concentration of the solution containing 0.0085 M Ba(OH)₂ at 25°C are 5.88 × 10 ⁻¹³ and 0.017 M respectively.

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The molar mass of the other gas is 153.79 g/mol

Step 1: The Data given,

It required 57 s for 1.0 L of the gas to effuse.

Under identical experimental conditions it required 26 s for 1.0 L of O2 gas to effuse.

Step 2: Calculate the molar mass

Graham's law of effusion says:

r1/r2 = √(M2/M1)

⇒ with r1 = effusion rate 1 = L/57s

⇒ with r2 = effusion rate 2 = L/26s

⇒ with M1 = molar mass of the gas = x g/mol

⇒ with M2 = molar mass of oxygen = 32 g/mol

We should be careful if we plug in the effusion rate. Because the fractions could flip if we don't give the effusion rates as numeral values.

(L/57s)/(L/26s) = 26/57 = √(32/M1)

26/57 =√(32/X)

(26/57) ² = 32/X

0.208064 =32/X

X = 32/0.208064

X = 153.79 g/mol

Hence, The molar mass of the other gas is 153.79 g/mol

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The mass percent of the methanol is 21.83%.

The parameter

Calculate the mass of methanol and water.

[tex]\rho = \frac{m}{V}[/tex]

m = ρ × V

Where m is a mass (kg), ρ is the density (kg/m³), and V is volume (m³)

Mass percent of the methanol

= [tex]\frac{mass \: of \: methanol}{mass \: of \: solution} \times 100\%[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{m_1}{m_1 + m_2} \times 100\%[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{158.4}{158.4 + 567.1} \times 100\%[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{158.4}{725.5} \times 100\%[/tex]

= 0.2183 × 100%

= 21.83%

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The function of propylene glycol and methyl oleate in a hand cream is as a thickening agent and as an emulsifier and skin softener used in cosmetics.

Propylene Glycol

Propylene glycol is a petroleum derivative product that has no odor and is colorless. This product is one of the products used as a raw material for making cosmetics. The function of propylene glycol is as a thickener for cosmetics such as facial moisturizers, facial cleansers, and other cosmetics that are liquid.

Methyl Oleate

Methyl Oleate is a long-chain saturated fatty acid found naturally in various animal and plant fats. Methyl oleate is solid and white in color, and has a mild aroma and is sometimes crystalline. The content contained in this product is often used as raw material for cosmetic products. The function of methyl oleate is as an emulsifier and lubricant that can soften the skin, and help keep cosmetic products from separating. One important function of methyl oleate in cosmetic products is to create a moist, slippery and unbreakable texture.

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this is the answer to ur question hope is helpful

A glow stick is an example of a device that directly converts chemical energy into light energy.

A) A glow stick generates luminance, or light energy, using chemical energy from the compounds contained within it. When the stick is broken or twisted, the chemicals inside it are released and, through a chemical reaction, chemical energy is transformed into light energy.

B) plants employ light energy during photosynthesis to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar (glucose).

C) The wind serves as the energy source for a windmill, and when the rotor blades revolve, the wind energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Then, electrical energy is created from that mechanical energy. The light energy produced by these electrical currents is subsequently employed in lamps. As a result, the chemical energy is not changed directly.

D) Water provides mechanical energy to a hydroelectric dam. When the water reaches the turbine, the gravitational potential energy that it had because of its height is transformed into kinetic energy. Then electrical energy is created from this kinetic energy.

Therefore, Glow Stick is the sole example where chemical energy is transformed into light energy in this manner.

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Answer:

C.) 2,1,2

Explanation:

You have to balance the equation by getting the number of elements on the left and right side to equal. Before balancing there is one more oxygen on the left side than the right side. You have to change the coefficient in front of H2O to fix this, and that means adding a "2" in front of the H2 to get that to equal as well.

You end up with 2H₂+10₂→ 2H₂O

Iron metal has a sea of electrons feature. The outside electrons form a sea or pool of delocalized electrons that are free to travel randomly throughout the fixed lattice of positive ions and do not "belong" to any particular atom.

On the Periodic Table of the Elements, iron is a metal that belongs to Group 8 and is a hard, brittle substance. The most common metal, it is pure form, corrodes quickly when exposed into humid air and high temperatures. Iron is also considered to make up a significant portion of the Earth's core and is the fourth most prevalent metal by weight in the Earth's crust. According to the Los Alamos National Laboratory, it is abundant in the sun and stars in addition to being widely distributed on Earth. According to Jefferson Lab, iron is essential for the survival of all living things.

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5.18 grams of methane will occupy same volume as 0.0325 moles of propane.

The ideal gas equation says,

PV = nRT

Where,

P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R is gas constant, T is temperature.

Moles of propane is 0.0325 moles.

volume of propane at 1 atm and 298 K is,

V = nRT/P

V = 0.0325 x 0.082 x 298/1

V = 7.92 L

Volume of propane is 7.92 L.

we know, moles = mass/molar mass.

Molar mass of Methane is 16g/mol.

Moles of methane = mass/16

Volume of methane,

V = nRT/P

7.92 = mass x 0.082 x 298/16

Mass = 5.18grams.

So, 5.18 grams of methane will have same volume as that of 0.0325 moles of propane.

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Iron(II) oxide ions are contain that lost 2 electron in the oxidation process and iron(III) oxide contain iron that lost 3 electron

Ferrous oxide is commonly known as iron(II) oxide contain iron that lost 2 electron in the oxidation process and so it is able to bond with other atom that have an extra 2 electron and ferric oxide is commonly known as iron(III) oxide and it contain iron that lost 3 electron and iron(II) and iron(II) oxide is the chemical compound with formula Fe₃O₄ and it occur in nature as the mineral magnetite and it is one of the number of iron oxide and the other being iron(II) oxide FeO which is rare and iron(III) oxide Fe₂O₃ which also occur naturally as the mineral hematite

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If you compare 1 M Nacl solution, 1M glucose solution and 1M sucrose solution,1M Nacl solution is more hypertonic due to the dissociation of ions in the solution.

Of the two solutions the solution with higher osmotic pressure is called hypertonic. The extra pressure developed on the solution side due to the diffusion of solvent from its high amount through a semipermeable membrane is called the osmotic pressure.

    Osmotic pressure= icRT

     Where, i= van't hoff factor

                  c= concentration

                   R=Gas constant

                   t= temperature

The extent of dissociation or association of a solute in solution is expressed in terms of the van't hoff factor.

In 1M Nacl, as Nacl dissociates into ions in the solution its van't hoff factor becomes 2. In  1 M glucose it doesn't dissociate into ions. So van't hoff factor remains 1. And In 1 M sucrose,as  it does not dissociate into ions van't hoff factor  remains 1. So here Nacl has more osmotic pressure.

So, Nacl is hypertonic because of its dissociation into ions in the solution.

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C2HBrClF3 and O2 have partial pressures of 84 torr and 778 torr, respectively.

Given,

C2HBrClF3 mass = 15.0 g

O2 mass is 22.6 g.

C2HBrClF3's molar mass is 197.4 g/mole.

O2's molar mass is 32 g per mole.

Raoult's Rule

Xsolvent = Psolution

P0solvent

P solution is the solution's vapour pressure.

"solvent" is the solvent's mole fraction.

P0solvent = the pure solvent's vapour pressure

Raoult's Law-

Raoult's law states that the partial vapour pressure of a solvent in a solution (or mixture) is equal to or the same as the pure solvent's vapour pressure times the mole fraction of the solvent in the solution.

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Enantioselective are reactions that generate products that are enriched in one enantiomer.

Enantiomers are pairs of molecules that exist in two forms that are mirror images of each other but are not superimposable. The enantiomers are chemically identical in all other respects. Enantiomeric pairs are distinguished by the direction in which they rotate polarized light when dissolved in solution, either dextrorotatory (d or +) or levorotatory (l or -). Hence the term optical isomer.

The enantioselectivity of a chromatography system is defined as the preferential interaction of one enantiomer with a chiral selector. It is usually determined as the ratio of the retention factors of the two enantiomers in a chiral chromatography or electrophoresis system.

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Initial main byproducts of the reaction between concentrated hydro iodic acid and benzyl isopropyl ether are isopropyl alcohol and benzyliodide.

Ethers - The word Ether has been derived from the Latin word ‘aether’ which means ‘to ignite’. They contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.

At room temperature and under a high-pressure ethers are usually flammable. The general formula of ether is given as R-O-R, R-O-R’, R-O-Ar or Ar-O-Ar where R represents an alkyl group and Ar represents an aryl group.

The initial stage in the hydrophilic acid cleavage of ethers will be a pre-equilibrium protonation of the ether's oxygen.

The resonance-stabilized benzyl cranium ion and isopropyl alcohol will then be produced when the powerful nucleophile iodide ion displaces isopropyl alcohol from the main group.

It is feasible for the hydroid acid and isopropyl alcohol to react further to produce the specified isopropyl iodide.

Thus, Initial main byproducts of the reaction between concentrated hydro iodic acid and benzyl isopropyl ether are isopropyl alcohol and benzyliodide.

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0.00292 mol of HCL would be needed to react with 0.0356 g of Mg.

Mass of mg = 0.0356 g

Molar mass of mg is 24.31 g/mol

moles of mg= 0.0356/24.31

=0.00146moles

Mg+2HCL→MgCl₂ +H₂

From above equation , 1 mol of mg requires 2 mol of HCL

∴ 0.00146 mol of Mg will require =2×0.00146 mol of HCL

=0.00292 mol of HCL.

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Gay-Law Lussac's states that, for a gas with a fixed volume and number of moles, pressure is directly proportional to temperature.

The pressure exerted by the argon gas  at 60c is 0.46atm

Define pressure?

Pressure is defined as the force applied perpendicular to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is dispersed. Gauge pressure (sometimes written gauge pressure) is the pressure in relation to the surrounding atmosphere.

p is proportional to t.

p1xt1=p2xt2

where,

p1 = 0.85 atm

p2 = ?

t1 = 20c

t2 = 60c

t1=20c= (200 +275=475k)

t2=60c =(600+275=875k)

p2 =0.85x473/873

=0.4605atm

Therefore, the pressure of the gas at 60c will be 0.46atm.

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A heat shield is essentially a thermal barrier intended to keep things from overheating. The automotive industry to isolate the engine block to stop heat damage to the bodywork and internal parts.

A heat shield is essentially a thermal barrier intended to keep things from overheating. They are frequently employed in the automotive industry to separate the engine to stop heat damage to the bodywork and internal parts.

If the heat becomes too high, plastic engine parts may melt or deform, and belts may also become damaged. You should schedule a visit with your mechanic right away if you start to smell burning emanating from your car or discover that the engine hood is too hot to touch.

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The volume of chlorine gas produced at STP by the current of 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours through an aqueous solution of silver chloride is 1.504 L.

The moles of chorine gas that are liberated at STP by passing a given current through an electrolyte containing chloride ions is determined from the equation of the oxidation reaction that occurs when chlorine gas is liberated from chloride ions.

The equation of the oxidation reaction is given below:

2 Cl⁻ ---> Cl₂ (g) + 2 e

From the equation of reaction, two moles of electrons liberated 1 mole of chlorine gas.

The volume of 1 mole of chlorine gas = 22.4 L

Quantity of current in 2 moles of electrons = 2 * 96500 C

Quantity of current in 2 moles of electrons = 193000 C

Quantity of current in 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours = 2.5 * 1.8 * 3600

Quantity of current in 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours = 12960 C

The volume of chlorine gas produced = 12960 * 22.4/1930000

The volume of chlorine gas produced = 1.504 L

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Complete question:

What volume of chlorine gas measured at STP would be liberated by the current of 2.5 amperes flowing for a period of 1.8 hours through an aqueous solution of silver chloride?

ph = 1.5E.8 and pressure = 44.64 kj/mol of carbon dioxide.

Pressure is defined as the force perpendicular to an object's surface divided by the area across which it is dispersed.

Overpressure is the pressure that exists in comparison to the atmospheric pressure. To express pressure, various units are employed. Manometer, differential, and absolute pressure measurements are the three methods available.

Absolute pressure is defined in terms of vacuum pressure. l. Water's pH level reveals how basic or acidic it is. 7 serves as a neutral value in the range of 0 to 14, with. A pH value more than 7 indicates basicness, and a pH value less than 7 indicates acidity. In actuality, the pH scale gauges the percentage of free hydrogen and

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Before the reaction of hydrogen peroxide, if a reagent had changed color immediately after being added to the sample, this would indicate the presence of a contaminant and the test would be invalid.

The above experiment is also knowns as a presumptive blood testing experiment in which if a contaminant is present, the test should be deemed invalid if a vivid blue or purple color appears after adding the TMB reagent but before adding the hydrogen peroxide; this is also frequently referred to as a "false positive" result.

Presumptive tests catalyze the oxidation of a chromogenic substance, which results in a color change, by reacting with the hemoglobin of all blood in humans and animals. If the test is positive, the material will be identified as potentially blood, though not necessarily human blood.

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Peroxide is sprayed on all samples before any indicator so as to bleach the samples  before staining by the indicators

peroxide is any of a class of chemicals in which 2 oxygen atoms are linked together by a single covalent bond peroxide is useful in bleaching as they are agents bleaching.

The peroxide when applied to the sample it reduces color bodies in pulp by oxidizing the carbonyl group making the samples colorless.

When the indicator is applied to a sample that is bleached the indicator penetrates this highlights important features of the tissue as well as enhances the tissue contrast.

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