Chargaff's discovery about the structure of DNA and its impact on replication is associated with the observation that adenine pairs with thymine; while guanine pairs with cytosine (Option A).
What is the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule?The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule is a double helix molecule composed of two chains of nucleotides (adenine or A, guanine or G, cytosine or C and thymine or T) linked via hydrogen bonds, where A pairs with T via two hydrogen bonds, while C pairs with G via 3 hydrogen bonds.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecule adenine pairs with thymine while cytosine pairs with guanine.
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in humans, right handed is dominant to left handed. cross 2 heterozygous right handed parents. what is the genotypic ratio?
1 : 2 : 1 is the genotypic ratio. The development of hand preference most likely occurs together with the separation of the right and left sides of the body.
More precisely, variations between the right and left hemispheres of the brain seem to be connected to handedness. 10% of children born to right-hand parents will be left-hand, on average. At 18 to 22% and 27%, respectively, the likelihood that a child will be left-handed increases if one or both parents are left-hand. In fact, one of the stranger explanations for the rarity of left-handedness holds that a genetic mutation in the ancient past moved the human brain's language center from the right hemisphere to the left, essentially making right-handedness more prevalent.
The complete question is:
In humans, right handed is dominant to left handed. Cross 2 heterozygous right handed parents. What is the genotypic ratio?
4 : 0
1 : 1
1 : 2 : 1
3 : 1
9 : 3 : 3 : 1
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through which can evolution be measured? observing changes in a single individual over its lifetime. observing long term morphological changes in the fossil record reflecting underlying genetic change. observing the spread of new genetic variants through a population. observing changes the effects of genetic change on the form and function of organisms. all of the above
The evolution can be measured by: observing long term morphological changes in the fossil record reflecting underlying genetic change.
Evolution is the gradual and visible change that occurs over a long course of time. Evolution is a population phenomenon and cannot be observed in a single individual. The evolution can be due to genetic changes or it can be morphological due to environmental factors.
Fossils are the traces, remains or expressions of the ancient dead plants or animals. Fossils are the best objects to study the evolution as they display the form of living of organism of that time and enable to establish their connection with the current organisms.
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Identify three selection pressures rhat Darwin would have had to rule out before determining that competition for limited food resources drive natural selection on the Galapagos Island.
Answer:
Darwin nunez or Charles Darwin
Which statement describes the role of DNA in a cell? A. DNA molecules are the building blocks of tissues and carry out the work of each cell. B. DNA molecules deliver the pieces of proteins to the site of protein assembly in the cell. C. DNA molecules are broken apart inside the cell, and the pieces are assembled into proteins. D. DNA molecules contain the information that the cell uses to assemble the pieces of proteins in the correct order.
DNA molecules contain the information that the cell uses to assemble the pieces of proteins in the correct order describes the role of DNA in a cell. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What are the functions of DNA?DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the work in our bodies.
DNA is responsible for carrying and transmitting hereditary materials or genetic instructions from parents to offspring. In addition to ensuring that all living things pass on their genetic information, DNA is essential for the synthesis of proteins.
DNA now has three distinct functions—genetics, immunological, and structural—that are widely disparate and variously dependent on the sugar phosphate backbone and the bases.
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Why does the top trophic level have less organisms than the first trophic level
At higher trophic levels, there is typically less energy, which results in fewer creatures as well.
Why are higher trophic levels less populated with organisms?Consequently, we will typically see larger animals as we up the trophic ladder. However, as they move up the food chain, these larger animals must rely on less energy generated at the lower trophic levels in order to survive. As a result, higher trophic levels typically have fewer creatures.
Why do creatures at the top trophic level tend to be more numerous?The highest number of species, mostly plants, are found in the first trophic level. Primary producers are the creatures in this layer because they obtain their energy from an abiotic source. many primary producers obtain their energy from the sun itself.
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what is one virulence factor that differentiates staphylococcus aureus from other species of staphylococci?
Coagulase is the virulence factor that differentiates S.aureus from other staphylococcus species.
What is staphylococcus aureus?
It is a gram +ve bacteria that causes a wide range of diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is often spread by contaminated hands. An effective barrier against this infection would be the skin and mucus membrane. If these physical barriers are breached, then they may cause serious infections. S. aureus is the leading reason for skin and soft tissues infections. Example: abscesses, cellulitis, etc.
Most Staph infections aren’t usually serious, but they can cause serious bloodstream infections (bacteremia), pneumonia, bone and joint infections etc.
Hence, S. aureus is distinguished from other species of staphylococcus if it is coagulase positive. Which means the bacteria can cause blood coagulation, giving it its pathogenic nature.
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- 5. Which of the following would ecologists NOT study?
A. how beavers get food.
B. how much water is needed for a corn crop.
C. how plastic expands when it is heated.
D. how rabbits escape from predators.
Answer:
I think C is correct
Explanation:
I am not really sure
what was one step congress took during the covid-19 pandemic to lessen the blow to those impacted?
Many steps were taken by congress during the covid-19 pandemic to lessen the blow to those impacted. COVID-19 pandemic has severe and devastating impacts on American society, economy and health sectors compounding public as well as social crisis & economic burdens.
In 2020, COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide bringing national and global emergency and crisis. However, American were severely effected by the pandemic.
Congress took some immediate and sensible measures to mitigate the effects of the pandemic and also made certain efforts to reduce the impending crisis.
However, the congress provided aid to the social, local, tribal and state governments. The steps take by congress include direct payments to effected individuals, tax incentives, increased benefits for unemployed people with $300 weekly.
Furthermore, 174 billion dollar funds were allocated for public health measures and 170 billion dollar for education at all levels.
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which stain would you use if you were interested in studying collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix of bone?
if one was interested in studying collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix of bone Mallory's trichrome stain
To identify collagen, elastic fibres, muscle, mucus, pituitary cells, and reticulum in routinely prepared paraffin-embedded tissue specimens (in vitro), laboratory personnel should employ Mallory's trichrome stain. Collagen fibres, reticulum, mucous, elastic fibres in various hues of blue, alpha and beta cells in various shades of red, and nuclei in various shades of red all exhibit a blue stain.
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Which of these responses is used by a herd of deer and a school of fish for protection from predators?
O grouping
O hibernation
O migration
O camouflage
Answer:
Which of these responses is used by a herd of deer and a school of fish for protection from predators?
A. grouping
Explanation:
There are two example of grouping:
1. Forming a herd: Many animals, such as deer, wildebeests and zebras, form herds as a defense mechanism against predators. By staying in a group, individuals increase their chances of detecting predators and have a higher likelihood of survival. When a predator approaches, the herd can quickly scatter in different directions, making it difficult for the predator to target a single individual.
2. Forming a school: Fish, such as sardines and anchovies, often form schools as a defense mechanism. By swimming together in a tightly packed group, they create the illusion of a larger organism, which can confuse and deter predators. Additionally, swimming in a school provides better visibility for each individual, increasing their chances of detecting predators and escaping.
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portion of rna molecule that codes for making a protien
19. Leah cuts a small stem from an azalea plant in her garden and gives it to John. John takes the cutting home and plants it in his garden. In a few months, the small stem has grown into a full-sized plant. Which of these choices correctly describes this situation? A) John's plant reproduced by budding, and is genetically different than the plant in Leah's garden. B) John's plant reproduced by vegetative reproduction, and is genetically identical to the plant in Leah's garden. C) John's plant reproduced by binary fission, and is genetically different than the plant in Leah's garden. D) John's plant reproduced by spore formation, and is genetically identical to plant in Leah's garden
John's plant reproduced by vegetative reproduction, and is genetically identical to the plant in Leah's garden.
Vegetative reproduction is any type of asexual reproduction that takes place in plants and involves the growth of a new plant from a piece of the parent plant or a specially designed reproductive structure (such as a stolon, rhizome, tuber, corm, or bulb). The two kinds of vegetative reproduction are as follows: Reproduction by stem, leaf, and root are all natural vegetative methods. Cutting, layering, grafting, and micro-propagation are all types of artificial vegetative propagation. When a single egg is fertilized by a single sperm and divides into two after fertilization, the outcome is identical twins, also known as monozygotic twins. Twins that are identical have the same genomes and are always the same sex.
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The graph shows the progress of a chemical reaction with and without the presence of an enzyme. Analyze the data. Which statement accurately reflects what is shown in the graph? A. The presence of the enzyme decreases the activation energy. B. The presence of the enzyme decreases the change in free energy. C. The presence of the enzyme decreases the energy of the products. D. The presence of the enzyme prevents the reaction from progressing
The difference between reactions mediated or not by enzymes, is the speed at which they occur, and hence, the required activation energy. A) The presence of the enzyme decreases the activation energy.
What are enzymes?Enzymes are proteins with intracellular catalytic properties that accelerate different natural chemical reactions. These reactions occur naturally, but they are accelerated in the presence of the enzyme.
Enzymes are in charge of catalyzing cell metabolism. Since they are proteins, they need an accurate tridimensional structure to accomplish their function. There is a limited temperature and pH level at which they lose that structure and denaturalize.
Concerning the reaction, in the enzyme's presence and absence, the substrate and the product are the same.
The main difference is the activation energy required to carry out the reaction.
Let us remember that activation energy is the one required to create or break bonds between molecules. Usually, the higher the activation energy is, the slower the reaction occurs.
In the presence of the enzyme, the reaction needs a lower activation energy than in its absence.
Without the enzyme ⇒ higher activation energy ⇒ slower reaction With the enzyme ⇒ lower activation enegy ⇒ faster reaction
According to this framework, the correct option is A. The presence of the enzyme decreases the activation energy.
Note: Since I could not find the complete question, I will attach a graph showing the progress of a chemical reaction with and without the presence of an enzyme. This diagram should be the same as yours.
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Describe as simply as you can the chemistry to electric process that occurs when dendrites receive a message from an axon and pass it down the neuron.
When dendrites receive a message from an axon and pass it down the neuron called as synapse
These chemicals are called as neurotransmitter and the process is called as neurotransmission and the space between the axon and the dendrites is called as synapse and when neuron communicate an electrical impulse trigger and release of neurotransmitter from the axon into the synapse and once a signals is received by the dendrites it then travels to the cell body and the cell body contain a specialized structure the axon hillock that integrates signals from multiple synapses and serves as junction between the cell body and an axon
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atrial fibrillation (a-fib) is irregular electrical activity in the atria causing an arrthymia. where would you see a change from the normal ekg during an a-fib event?
During an a-fib occurrence, the P wave and PR interval differ from the normal ekg.
How does it feel to have an A- Fib?The atria, the upper chambers of the heart, beat erratically and chaotically during atrial fibrillation, which causes the ventricles, the heart's lower chambers, to beat out of time Shortness of breath, weakness, or a rapid, hammering heartbeat which causes the ventricles,
Why does an A Fib event occur?But as Gahanna pointed out, there are a variety of factors that might cause A fib, including alcohol, strenuous activity, dehydration, stress, and eating a lot of food to beat out of time Shortness of breath.
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Two frog populations become separated by a river. Over 100 years the frogs have become two
different species. A drought hits and the river drys up. Would the separated populations of
frogs be able to interbreed now that the barrier was no longer there? Defend your answer.
Correctly use the term geographic isolation in your free response answer.
Yes, the frogs now able to interbreed.
What is hybridization?Hybridization is significant because it increases a species' genetic variety—the number of different gene combinations—which is essential for evolution to take place.
A population's members being physically separated. When their original habitat is divided, populations may become physically separated. As in the case of new land or water barriers.
It is well known that geographic isolation contributes to divergent evolution, producing distinctive phenotypes. Sometimes populations with different morphologies are found to be interfertile, while nominal morphological species are found to have reproductive isolation, revealing the existence of cryptic species.
The geographical isolation that results from allopatric speciation, which prevents members of an original species from breeding with one another when they are reunited, is exemplified by islands.
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Answer:
After the drought, there was very little water and many plants died, so the remaining environment was mostly brown. Because of this, having brown coloration was a favorable adaptation for frogs. The brown frogs are the ones that survived and reproduced, causing the number of brown frogs to increase. Having green coloration, on the other hand, was an unfavorable adaptation because they were unable to blend in with the surrounding environment. They became less likely to survive and reproduce, causing the number of green frogs to decrease.
Explanation:
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In the above map, the Pacific plate (oceanic crust) collides with the South American plate (continental crust). Based on the data you mapped and the shape it made above, which plate is more dense and slides under the other? Continental crust this is actually for earth science
This is an example of convergent boundaries. The pacific plate subduces under the South American plate. The pacific plate is denser and older and slides under the continental plate.
What are convergent boundaries?
Convergent boundaries are one of the three boundaries involved in plate motion and interaction. These are convergent, divergent, and transforming.
Convergent boundaries refer to plates moving forward to each other, colliding, and causing the deformation of one or both plates.
There are three possible collisions,
Between two oceanic plates Between two continental platesBetween a continental and an oceanic plate.
When an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the following sequence occurs,
The older, denser, and thicker plate subduces under the other one. The oceanic crust is the one that sinks under the continental plate.Due to this collision, the continental plate suffers deformation on its edge.Mountain chains, like The Himalayas and Los Andes, are created after these events.
In the exposed example, the pacific plate subduces under the South American plate.
The pacific plate is denser and older and slides under the continental plate.
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Which best describes a dichotomous key?
A. Each step has two choices.
B. Each step can have any number of choices.
C. Each step describes two possible inferences.
D. Each step is based on genetic traits.
Answer:
Each step has two choices.
What are the base-pairing rules?
Answer:
The rules of base pairing (or nucleotide pairing) are: A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
Explanation:
for Chargaff's rules
Answer: The rules of base pairing (or nucleotide pairing) are: A with T: the purine adenine (A) always pairs with the pyrimidine thymine (T) C with G: the pyrimidine cytosine (C) always pairs with the purine guanine (G)
Explanation:
explain the functions of follicular dendritic cells (fdcs) in b cell activation and proliferation in lymphoid follicles, as well as their role in affinity maturation.
Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are a specialized type of antigen-presenting dendritic cells that are largely restricted to lymphoid follicles. They capture immune complexes either directly from the lymph or from macrophages and move to the lymphoid tissue, where they transfer complement opsonized antigen to the FDCs.
Follicular dendritic cells in turn attract B cells and activate them. They form dense three-dimensional meshwork patterns within benign follicles, which maintain the follicular architecture.
Follicular dendritic cells take part in B-cell activation and play an important role during affinity maturation by displaying native antigens and by presenting survival signals to B cells and that they are involved in memory B-cell development.
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When oxidized completely, which of the following 3 milk products will release the greatest amount of potential energy (G)? Casein, Lactose, or Palmitic Acid?
When oxidized completely, casein will release the greatest amount of potential energy (G) .
What is Casein?Casein is a family of related phosphoproteins that are found in mammalian milk. It comprises about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and 20% to 60% of the proteins in human milk.
Casein is a slow-digesting protein that boosts muscle growth and help in recovery after exercise. Taking this can improve the health and also increase the total daily protein intake. This is also an important factor in weight loss and muscle growth.
Casein is absorbed slowly, so it can be more satiating in the long-term. Taking it regularly can cause weight loss and improved body composition.
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the energy in a gluclose molecule is transfered to for use in the cell
Answer: ATP
Explanation:
some species of pathogenic bacteria are able to attack specific cells in the human body due to structures called
Some species of pathogenic bacteria are able to attack specific cells in the human body due to structures called adhesion factors.
Adhesins are parts or extensions of bacteria's cell surfaces that help with adhesion or adherence to other cells or surfaces, typically in the host they are invading or inhabiting. One class of virulence factor is adhesives. Adherence is a crucial stage in the pathogenesis or infection of bacteria that is necessary for colonising a new host. Another potential target for bacterial infection prevention or treatment is adhesion and bacterial adhesins.
Different bacterial species have evolved various methods of attaching receptor-specific proteins to the surface of the bacteria through the processes of evolution. Bacterial adhesins today come in a wide variety of kinds and subclasses, which can be seen in the literature. A fimbria or a pilus is the characteristic structure of a bacterial adhesion. An intramembranous structural protein that serves as a scaffold for multiple extracellular adhesins to adhere to makes up the majority of the bacterial adhesion. The structural protein itself, however, can occasionally function as an adhesion if a piece of the protein extends into the ECM, just like in the instance of the CFA1 fimbriae.
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lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way? a) they contain t lymphocytes and lymphatic tissues do not. b) they are found in the digestive tract and lymphatic tissues are found in the thorax. c) they are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not. d) they cannot produce antibodies, whereas lymphatic tissues can. e) they occur throughout the body except in the head.
Lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in following way:
e) that they occur throughout the body except in head.
How does lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues?Lymphatic organs occur throughout the body except in the head. They are surrounded by a fibrous capsule but lymphatic tissues are not. They also have T lymphocytes and lymphatic tissues do not.
Lymphatic system contains the bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels. The lymphatic system is an organ system that is part of the immune system and complementary to the circulatory system.
Lymphoid tissues are organized structures that support immune responses and bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid tissues and the sites of lymphocyte development.
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A child is born with cystic fibrosis, an inherited recessive disorder. No one in the family (on either side) for several generations is known to carry the gene or have the disorder. How can this be explained?
a. The genetic disorder formed from the mother's poor nutrition and prenatal care.
b. There was a mutation in the DNA, either in one of the gametes or the fertilized egg.
c. The child contracted the illness from another child when he was born.
d. The child developed the disorder when he was born; it is a result of a birth defect.
A child born with cystic fibrosis an an inherited recessive disorder when no one in the family (on either side) for several generations is known to carry the gene or have the disorder must have got it through birth defect.
The correct option is D.
What is birth defect ?The certain kind of defects a child is born with because of sudden mutations happened in the genome.
For the disease to occur both the X and Y chromosomes from both the parents need to have 1 copy and this disease occurs through genomic mutations.
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one of the building blocks of a nucleic acid
i will mark the best ancer the brainlyest
if, in a heterozygous individual, only one allele is expressed in the phenotype, that allele is: group of answer choices recessive. normal. potent. haploid. dominant.
Only one allele—the dominant allele—is expressed in the phenotypic of a heterozygous person.
What does it mean to be heterozygous?(HEH-teh-roh-ZY-gus JEE-noh-tipe) a gene region where there are two distinct alleles present. One normal allele and just one mutated allele, or two distinct mutated alleles, can make up a heterozygous genotype (compound heterozygote).
What is an example of heterozygosity?You have such a genetic trait for that gene if the two options differ from one another. For instance, having one gene for red hair one and allele for brown hair could indicate that you are heterozygous for hair color.
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The term "dominant allele" refers to an allele that has the upper hand over another allele or that is strong enough to stifle the expression of another allele.
Does heterozygosity imply similarity or difference?
A person is heterozygous if they inherit various copies of the same gene from both parents. When a gene from each grandparent is identical, it is said to be homozygous. In essence, homozygous denotes the same thing while heterozygous denotes differences.
What does the scientific term homozygous mean?
The term "homozygous" refers to a genetic situation in which each set of chromosomes in an organism carries identical genes for a single gene inherited from both parents. Allele: Various combinations of one or more genes.
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What organisms are
essential for cycling
nitrogen through the
biosphere?
Answer:
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanobacteria
Explanation:
Nitrogen fixing bacteria are miniature of urea factories, turning N2 gas from the atmosphere into plant available amines and ammonium via a specific and unique enzyme they possess called nitrogenase.
Social sciences are
a.
the observable facts or events that involve human society.
b.
how people relate to one another and influence each other’s behavior.
c.
the hidden meanings behind human actions.
d.
the disciplines that study human social behavior or institutions and functions of human society in a scientific manner.
Social sciences are the disciplines that study human social behavior or institutions and functions of human society in a scientific manner.
what are the application studying social science ?Social science is the field of study where the paragliding word concerned with occurrences created by humans and opposed to traditional sciences.
under this sciences anthropology, evolutionary psychology is often categorized fall under that same group.
It can be used to involve in engineering field as either a decision science or other specialty with a technical bent.
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Which of the following statements illustrates functional fixedness? I have only seen metal desks, therefore only metal can be used to make desks. Corn may only be used to produce ethanol because it is yellow. A person who is four feet tall may or may not be able to drive a school bus. Chairs are not always made of wood, but some chairs are made of wood.
The statement which illustrates functional fixedness is that I have only seen metal desks, therefore only metal can be used to make desks and is denoted as option A.
What is Functional fixedness?This is referred to as a cognitive bias that impacts an individual's ability to be creative. This is used to explain why a substance is only used for the main purpose and not for other purposes.
Option A states that only metal can be used to make desks which is a good example of functional fixedness as it can also be used for other purposes which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct choice.
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