The place where the Retinofugal pathway has been damaged is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus.
What is Lateral Geniculate Nucleus?
The lateral geniculate nucleus is a structure present in the Thalamus of the brain. It connects the visual pathway with the primary visual cortex of the brain.
Any damage to the lateral geniculate nucleus leads to partial or complete loss of vision.
Also, the visual pathway can be affected at various levels thus presenting various types of visual losses.
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While watching the high school football game from the stands, Jeremiah notices a blurry figure in the corner of his eye go behind the concession stand. What best describes this phenomenon
The figure's picture activates Jeremiah's rods, producing a less-detailed image.
this phenomenon is due to rods and the cones.
What are rods and cones?Rods
In the retina, rods are a particular kind of photoreceptor cell. They help humans see well in low light because they are sensitive to light intensities.
Cones are 500–1,000 times more light-sensitive than rods.Peripheral vision is provided by these structures, which are concentrated in the retina's outer regions.Cones
In the retina, cones are a particular kind of photoreceptor cell. They enable us to see in color.
The macula, the region of our retina where cones are concentrated, helps us see small details.There are approximately 6 million cones and 120 million rods in the retina.To learn more about rods and cones with the help of the given link: https://brainly.com/question/18845566
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The effect of temperature or nutrition on the expression of genes are examples of how ______ can alter the phenotype.
The effect of temperature or nutrition on the expression of genes are examples of how the environment can alter the phenotype.
Increases in temperature (warm environments) showed a non-significant increase in a phenotypic manner and a marginally significant increase in phenotypic variability. Larger increases in temperature noticed extra increases in phenotypic variability, but no increase inside the mean phenotypic response.
Usually, growing temperature induced an acceleration inside the improvement, and the higher the temperature, the sooner the expression reaction of any particularly focused gene. In more detail, larval yolk utilization and growth rates multiplied, while yolk utilization performance decreased with increasing temperature.
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1. Which of the following is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish?
1 : dermal denticles
2 : external fertilization
3 :bilaterally flattened
According to the research, the correct option is 3. Bilaterally flattened is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish.
What is a cartilaginous fish?They are a class of fish characterized by having dermal scales and with widened paired fins whose skeleton is made up of cartilage.
They have a hydrodynamic shape being bilaterally flattened, that is, they are flattened in the dorso-ventral axis, which allows them to do the constant movements necessary to propel those fish through the water and avoid sinking in the water.
Therefore, we can conclude that the correct option is 3. Bilaterally flattened is a characteristic of a cartilaginous fish.
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A research report presents a scatterplot with a diagonal best-fit line. the correlation of the plotted variables is best indicated by:______
A research report presents a scatterplot with a diagonal best-fit line. the correlation of the plotted variables is best indicated by:
Notice that when you look at the scatter plot the points seem to form a line going up from left to right. This means that there is a positive correlation between the -coordinates and the -coordinates. The answer is that the scatter plot shows a positive correlation.
What is positive correlation?Any statistical association between two random variables or bivariate data, whether causal or not, is referred to in statistics as correlation or dependency. Although "correlation" can mean any kind of association in the broadest sense, in statistics it typically refers to the strength of a pair of variables' linear relationships. Examples of common dependent phenomena include the relationship between parent and child height and the relationship between a good's price and the number of units buyers are prepared to buy, as shown in the so-called demand curve.
Because they can reveal a predicted relationship that can be used in practice, correlations are helpful.
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One evidence supporting punctuated equilibrium?
Answer: it indicated macroevolution will typically involve cladogenesis, rather than anagenetic modification of populations
Explanation:
_____ is a gene silencing technique that is based on the fact that RNA molecules can fold into short, double-stranded regions where the base sequence is complementary.
RNAi is a gene silencing technique that is based on the fact that RNA molecules can fold into short, double-stranded regions where the base sequence is complementary.
What is the RNAi mechanism?A conserved biological response to double-stranded RNA, known as RNA interference (RNAi) or post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), promotes resistance to both endogenous parasites and exogenous harmful nucleic acids and controls the expression of protein-coding genes. Small double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules are used as triggers by most eukaryotic cells' RNA interference (RNAi) regulatory mechanisms to direct homology-dependent control of gene activity.
In order to protect plants from molecular parasites like viruses, RNA silencing has evolved. In controlling gene expression for growth and development, it is also helpful. These pathways interact with one another and generate short RNAs to function.
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Crayfish have a body cavity completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm tissue. This makes them
Answer: this makes them coelomates
A nutrient that cannot be made within the body, or made in sufficient quantities is known as:________
a. a critical nutrient
b. a required nutrient
c. an indispensable nutrient
d. an essential nutrient
Those nutrients that cannot be made within the body or not in sufficient quantities are known as essential nutrients.
An essential nutrient is one that the body cannot generate on its own or cannot do so in sufficient amounts. These nutrients must be supplied from diet. These nutrients are necessary for growth and for the efficient functioning of the organism.
Proteins are used by the body to maintain and repair tissues so that they can grow and produce energy. All of the necessary amino acids are present in complete proteins and proteins with significant biological significance. Meat, eggs, milk, and soybeans are a few examples of such foods. Beans and peas, which are incomplete proteins, do not contain all of the required amino acids and must be coupled with other meals or with one another in a single meal to do so.
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The typical order for the major steps of enzyme isolation would be?
The typical order for the major steps of enzyme isolation would be
Homogenization, salt fractionation, column chromatography, Electrophoresis.Proteins called enzymes operate as natural catalysts for cellular non-spontaneous chemical events, starting and accelerating them. Despite their high turnover rates, they are picky and precise in their behavior.
Cell extract preparation, often known as cell lysis, is a stage of the capture phase. It entails liberating the cellular material from the host cells or tissue into an extraction buffer, producing the crude extract while preserving and stabilizing the target protein.The phenomenon known as "salting-out" occurs at very high ionic strengths, where protein solubility declines as ionic strength rises.As a result, salting out can be used to separate proteins according to how soluble they are in salt solutions.One of the most popular techniques for purifying enzymes is column chromatography. The foundation of chromatography is the idea that mixtures of molecules applied to surfaces or solids, and fluid stationary phases (stable phases), separate from one another while moving with the help of a mobile phase.Specific proteins in the blood can be measured using a test called protein electrophoresis. Based on their electrical charge, the test divides blood proteins into several groups.learn more about enzyme isolation here: https://brainly.com/question/22318217
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Why is Right handed dominant and Left handed recessive?
Answer:
The right-handed dominant and left-handed are recessive because the left hemisphere also controls the movements of the right hand.
Explanation:
Hand preference probably arises as part of the developmental process that differentiates the right and left sides of the body (called right-left asymmetry). More specifically, handedness appears to be related to differences between the right and left halves (hemispheres ) of the brain.
Some bacteria have been found to have much higher rates of mutation than other members of their population; they are termed "mutators." What do you think is the most likely reason for their higher rates of mutation?
Their DNA polymerase has compromised 3' to 5' exonuclease function.
PolymeraseAn enzyme that builds lengthy nucleic acid or polymer chains is called a polymerase. Using base-pairing interactions to copy a DNA template strand, DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase build DNA and RNA molecules, respectively, while half ladder replication builds DNA molecules.
For the polymerase chain reaction, a crucial molecular biology method, the thermophilic bacteria Thermus aquaticus' DNA polymerase is used. Template dependence or independence are two possible states for a polymerase. Template independent polymerase examples include poly-A-polymerase. Both template independent and dependent activity are known to exist for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase.
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According to grime, which strategy is followed by stress-tolerant species?
According to grime, the S strategy is followed by stress-tolerant species.
For plants especially, Grime created a life-history model. Grime categorized factors that restrict plant biomass or productivity in this model in the ways shown as follows. Any condition is known as stress limits plant growth. Examples include a lack of nutrients, water, light, or a low temperature. A disturbance is the partial or complete loss of plant biomass brought on by herbivores, pathogens, or human activity, as well as by environmental variables such as wind, frost, desiccation, soil erosion, or fire. The propensity of nearby plants to share the same amount of space, water molecule, ion of mineral nutrient, or quantum of light is known as competition. Numerous studies have demonstrated that while competitiveness is significant under productive conditions, its significance diminishes as productivity increases.
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Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that require energy to be used is called __________
Body movement produced by skeletal muscles that require the use of energy is referred to as physical activity.
What is Physical activity?This involves the movement of the skeletal muscles when performing different actions in our day to day activities.
It requires the use of energy to fuel the process which is the main reason why calorie intake is vital in every individual.
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If you suspect your culture of bacteria has 23 x 106 cells per mL, what would you want the final dilution to be in order to end up with 96 colonies of bacteria on a petri dish
The dilution factor in order to end up with 96 colonies of bacteria is 0.23 × [tex]10^6[/tex] .
For calculating the colony forming unit bacteria;
Colony-forming unit (CFU or cfu) is a measurement of live bacterial or fungi cells and is used to calculate the colony-forming unit of bacteria. CFU counts only viable cells as opposed to direct microscopic counts, which count all cells, both living and dead, using a hemocytometer. Colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) for liquids and colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) for solids are used to indicate the results for convenience. The miles and Misra method can be used to compute CFU, which is helpful for assessing the microbiological load and severity of illness in blood and other samples.
∴ cfu/ml = (no. of colonies x dilution factor) / volume of culture plate
23 x [tex]10^6[/tex] cells per mL = 96 × dilution factor
Dilution factor = 23 ×[tex]10^6[/tex] / 96
Dilution factor = 0.23 × [tex]10^6[/tex]
Therefore, the dilution factor in order to end up with 96 colonies of bacteria is 0.23 × [tex]10^6[/tex] .
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What is the process of turning water into ice known as?
The process of turning water into ice is known as Condensation.
Condensation converts a substance from a gaseous state to a liquid form, frequently with a reduction in volume. It happens when a gas or vapour comes into touch with a surface that radiates heat, causing the gas or vapour to cool and solidify. Ice is the solidified version of water, which is a liquid. Condensation is the process by which water changes from the liquid phase (which is water) to the solid phase (which is ice).
Hence, The process of turning water into ice is known as Condensation.
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What aspect of the run chart helps you compare data before and after a pdsa cycle?
The baseline median AND annotations of while particular changes were examined (PDSA cycles)both the median and annotations marking particular changes permit you to see how observations earlier than your PDSA cycle evaluate those that come after.
Control charts help health systems measure healthcare processes and determine the strategy and scope for an improvement initiative. The control chart can help determine the focus of the next PDSA cycle in one of four areas: Identifying variation. Understanding variation.
A trend on a run chart is five or greater consecutive factors all going up or all going down. If the cost of or more successive points is the same, ignore one of the points whilst counting. Like values do now not make or destroy a trend.
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The base composition of an RNA virus was analyzed and found to be 17% A, 33% U, 19% G, and 31% C. Do you think the viral genetic material is single-stranded RNA or double-stranded RNA
single stranded
What is RNA virus?Deoxyribose and ribose, respectively, are the names of the pentose sugars found in DNA and RNA. The presence of the hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon of ribose and its lack on the 2' carbon of deoxyribose distinguishes the sugars.While the sugar used to construct both DNA and RNA is named deoxyribose (left in the image), the sugar used to construct RNA is simply referred to as ribose.Ribose, a 5-carbon sugar, is present in RNA, whereas deoxyribose, a 5-carbon sugar, is present in DNA. Both kinds of sugar are crucial parts of nucleotides. Pentose sugars, which are a component of DNA, can be found in nucleic acid.
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It's the year 2121. Thanks to the effects of pollution and nuclear war, aplysia californica have gone extinct. You're looking for a new model organism to study the dynamics of a reflex arc. Which ONE of the following organisms would be most ideal?
Answer choices:
The bloopy blurpus, consisting of one neuron and an iPhone battery
A carnivorous plant that uses an electrochemically controlled turgidity system to trap prey
Centron 63, featuring 7 openly accessible brains consisting of a 100 trillion neurons each
A man-sized hot dog creature that has 72 neurons
Yourself
Central 63, features 7 openly accessible brains consisting of 100 trillion neurons each
There are several "facts" about the human brain that neuroscientists have grown accustomed to: it has 100 billion neurons and 10- to 50-fold more glial cells than expected for its size; it makes up an astounding 20% of the entire body; it is the largest brain among primates and animals in general.
According to the researchers, any brain activity without L5p neurons must be unconscious as consciousness depends on these neurons. Nobody is certain how awareness, or the state of consciousness, and its contents, such as ideas and experiences, are related. Researchers have now put up a sophisticated solution: a direct structural connection. In the human brain, there are about 86 billion neurons.
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Describe the chemistry, major food sources, and roles of phospholipids and sterols
Phospholipids and sterols are very important for human diet.
Phospholipids are molecules connected to fat that include phosphorus, fatty acids, and a base that contains nitrogen. They have a glycerol backbone similar to triglycerides, but instead of three fatty acids, it is joined to two fatty acids and a phosphorus group. Phospholipids are crucial molecules since they make up a crucial part of cell membranes. They support the flexibility and lack of rigidity of organelle and cell membranes. As the majority of a cell's membrane, phospholipids are crucial for cells.Sterols have a distinctive four-ring structure with carbon and hydrogen atoms as its main building blocks. The most well-known sterol is cholesterol, which is essential for cell membrane formation and the building block of many significant chemicals in the body.learn more about Phospholipids and sterols here: https://brainly.com/question/1386854
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Which nutrient transports, dissolves, and reacts with chemicals; provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation?
Water is the nutrient that transports, dissolves, and reacts with chemicals; provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation.
What is the importance of water?Water is a substance (of molecular formula H₂O) found at room temperature and pressure as a clear liquid.
It is present naturally as rain, and found in rivers, lakes and seas; its solid form is ice and its gaseous form is steam.
However, water is a major requirement by living organisms as it plays several pivotal roles in the body.
Water as a nutrient helps in the transportation dissolution and reaction with chemicals. It provides lubrication and shock protection; and aids in temperature regulation.
The water in the body has an important role as a thermoregulator, regulating the overall body temperature by helping dissipate heat. If the body becomes too hot, water is lost through sweat and the evaporation of this sweat from the skin surface removes heat from the body.
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Examine the picture below. 1. Draw out the segments of normal eukaryotic cell cycle. 2. What stage of the cell cycle is represented below? What is the percentage of cells in each stage of the cell cycle? What parts of the cell cycle are not present in the image? What is the percentage of cells that you cannot identify? Explain how you answered the question.
The two main phases of cell cycle are the interphase and the mitotic phase.
What is a cell cycle?Cell cycle is an ordered series of events that involve cell division producing two new daughter cells.The 2 phases of cell cycle are interphase (G1, S, G2) and mitotic phase (Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase).During interphase, the cell grows in size and replication of DNA takes place. In G1 cell growth and protein synthesis occurs, in S phase DNA is replicated and in G2 there is further growth and protein synthesis. During Mitosis, nucleus divides and the duplicated chromosomes are distributed into daughter nuclei. Usually after mitosis, the cell will divide (Cytokinesis) which involves the division of cytoplasm and two daughter cells are formed.The following events occur during different phases of mitosis: Sister chromatids line up in a plane at the equatorial plate (Metaphase). Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles (Anaphase). The nucleus reforms (Telophase) and the cell divides.The given diagram represents Metaphase stage of cell cycle.
During metaphase, all of the chromosomes are aligned in a single plane at the equator (equatorial plane). During this phase the chromosomes are most condensed. The sister chromatids are joined to each other via the centromere.To calculate the percentage of cells during each stage, first count the number of cells in each phase. Then, divide the total number of cells in each phase by the total number of cells present and multiply by 100.
There are 28 cells in total.
Out of which 21 are in Metaphase and 7 cannot be identified.
Percentage of cells in metaphase= (21/28)* 100 = 75%
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The leverage of the biceps brachii applies its force six times closer to the fulcrum (elbow joint) than the resistance. this means it will need to exert ________ kg of force to support a load of 6 kg.
The leverage of the biceps brachii applies its force six times closer to the fulcrum (elbow joint) than the resistance. this means it will need to exert 36 kg of force to support a load of 6 kg.
The triceps brachii (TB) is the only muscle that lies along the posterior humerus. It is a 3-headed, fusiform muscle that, on the shoulder, works in a third-elegance lever since the force is implemented among the joint axis and the weight.
Within the elbow joint, the triceps brachii muscle attaches to the olecranon method of the ulna posterior to the elbow joint. While the triceps contract, it pulls the olecranon procedure proximally, swinging the ulna distally and lengthening the forearm.
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PLEASE ANSWER QUICK
Who were the scientists that hypothesized that RNA was the first self-replicating information storage molecule that catalyzed the assembly of the first proteins?
Group of answer choices
Watson and Crick.
Cech and Altman.
Lerman and Urey.
Darwin and Pasteur.
Cech and Altman discovered the self-replication and biocatalytic properties of RNA. Option B.
What did Cech and Altman discover?
After several years of research, Cech and Altman discovered that, apart from being inheritable molecules and being involved in protein synthesis, RNA functions as a biocatalyst -just like enzymes- .
These scientists discovered that RNA shares with DNA the capability of transmitting genetic information and with proteins the capability of facilitating chemical reactions as a biocatalyst.
They could prove that,
RNA can self-replicate because it carries the genetic information needed to do it and does not need other proteins. It has a significant protagonism in cellular metabolism.
In the enzyme's and additional energy absence, the molecule can start its maturation process, catalyzing reactions by itself. Cech named this RNA form with enzymatic function ribozyme.
This was a significant discovery since it demonstrated that not only proteins were involved in biological reactions.
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These large paired bones form most of the lateral and superior walls of the cranial vault (calvaria).
The parietal bone are large paired bones form most of the lateral and superior walls of the cranial vault (calvaria).
What is a Bone?These are tissues which contain high amounts of calcium and form the main component of the skeleton. They also helps to provide structural integrity and rigidity to parts of the body and protect vital organs such as the heart, brain etc of the body from any form of external stimuli encountered.
The parietal bone is attached by a fibrous joint and forms part of the roof and sides of the cranium. They are also involved in the formation of most of the lateral and superior walls of the cranial vault (calvaria) present in the body system.
This is therefore the reason why parietal bone was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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What amino acid sequence does the following dna nucleotide sequence specify? 3′−tacagaacggta−5′.
The amino acid sequence for the following DNA sequence is Met-Ser-Cys-His.
What is transcription and translation?
Transcription is the process of conversion of genetic information carried by the DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).
Sense strand of DNA is the one which runs in 5’ to 3’ direction and carries the information while antisense strand runs in 3’ to 5’ direction and serves as a template.E.g.: Antisense strand 3′−TACAGAACGGTA−5′mRNA sequence 5’−ATGTCTTGCCAT−3’
Translation is the process of conversion of information carried by the mRNA into an amino acid sequence.
The genetic code is read as a sequence of 3 nucleotides together at a time and is called codon.For example: 'ATG' is a start codon coding for methionine.Here, mRNA sequence 5’−ATGTCTTGCCAT−3’
Amino acid sequence: Met-Ser-Cys-His
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During dna replication, the enzyme that unwinds and separates the dna double-helical molecule is?
During DNA replication , Helices enzymes is that enzyme which unwinds and separates the double helical molecule.It remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid protein complexes.
The DNA and RNA helices . DNA is important during DNA replication because separate double stranded DNA into single strands allowing each stands to be copied.Helices enzyme unwind the DNA at position which is called as origins where synthesis will be initiated.Then forming a structure which we called as replication fork, appeared like a fork.
This process of breaking the bond between hydrogen between the nucleotide base pairs in double stand DNA require energy which is stored in the form of ATP.
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Frank was bitten by a rattlesnake and received anti-venom containing neutralizing antibodies. Frank received ________ immunity and he ________ long-term immunity as a result. Group of answer choices artificially acquired passive immunity; will not have naturally acquired passive immunity; will have artificially acquired passive immunity; will have naturally acquired active immunity; will not have
Frank was bitten by a rattlesnake and given anti-venom containing neutralizing antibodies. Frank will have acquired long-term artificially acquired passive immunity and active immunity naturally he will have as a result.
What is active immunity?Active immunity occurs when exposure to a diseased organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies against that disease.
What is passive immunization?Passive immunization occurs when the body already receives the antibodies ready, instead of stimulating their production. The main difference is that, in passive immunization, the body does not produce memory cells, fighting the organisms only once.
With this information, we can conclude that Active immunity is when the individual's own body produces an immune response.
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In cellular respiration, the most cellular energy is created during:____.
a. lactic acid fermentation.
b. the krebs cycle.
c. glycolysis.
d. the electron transport chain (and chemiosmosis).
d. the electron transport chain (and chemiosmosis) is the answer.
An electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes and other molecules that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor via a redox reaction and bind this electron transfer to the transfer of protons through the membrane.
The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that combine redox reactions to produce an electrochemical gradient that leads to the formation of ATP in a complete system called oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
The electron transport chain works by sending protons into the intermembrane space. This sets up a proton gradient that allows protons to be pumped through ATP synthase to produce ATP.
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The ______ and the ______ support the immune system by forming an important barrier against invading microorganisms.
The first line of barrier that support the immune system by the invading microorganisms is formed by the skin and the mucous membrane.
What is immune system?A network of biological processes called the immune system guards an organism against disease.
How do skin and mucous membrane support the immune system?The skin acts as the first line of defense and has specialized immune cells that help prevent the microorganisms from entering the body.
The mucous membrane which is more sensitive and lines up the internal organs of the body can sense and eliminate the microorganisms thus helping the immune system.
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Pancreatic amylase catalyzes the breakdown of oligosaccharides to disaccharides with the addition of water. What classification of enzymes would amylase be in