The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assumes a vital part in the modification of proteins and the synthesis of lipids. It comprises an organization of membranous tubules and flattened sacs. The circles and tubules of the ER are empty and hollow, and the space inside is known as the lumen.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum gets its name from the ribosomes connected to its cytoplasmic surface. As these ribosomes make proteins, they feed the recently shaping protein chains into the lumen. Some are moved completely into the ER and float inside, while others are secured in the film.
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) is consistent with the rough ER yet has no ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface. The functioning of the smooth ER includes the Synthesis of starches, lipids, and steroid chemicals, detoxification of drugs and toxic substances, and storage of calcium particles.
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A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube before placing the volumeters on the top of the tube. Why did she blow into the tube
A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube before placing the volumeters on the top of the tube to add carbon di oxide.
She blew in the test tubes to add the carbon di oxide to the tube which caused the distilled water to become more acidic so the phenol red turned yellow, and when she exposes the tubes to different set of color lights. So, in the presence of light it turn the water into red color, which shows the process of photosynthesis depending on the wavelength of different color.
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Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was…
A student set up an experiment to show the effect of light color on photosynthesis in Elodea plants. She filled two test tubes with distilled water and placed a piece of Elodea in each of the tubes. She added a drop of phenol red, which turns red in a basic solution and yellow in an acidic solution. She blew in each tube before placing the volumeters on the top of the tube. Why did she blow into the tube? Multiple Choice
1) to add oxygen to the tube
2) to add carbon dioxide to the tube
3) to add carbohydrates to the tube
4) to add sodium bicarbonate to the tube
The receiving chambers of the heart include the ________. The receiving chambers of the heart include the ________. right and left atria right atrium and ventricle left atrium and ventricle right and left ventricles
The receiving chambers of the heart are the right and left atria.
What are the atria?The atria can be defined as two different heart chambers, which are found in the upper area of this organ.
The atria have critical roles during the cardiac cycle by allowing the storage of blood during systole and conduit it in the diastole.
In conclusion, the receiving chambers of the heart include the right and left atria.
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What were the independent, dependent, and control variables in your investigation? Describe the variables for the simulation with the moths and birch trees.
The experiment is not found here but dependent variables may include the growth rate of moths, whereas the independent variable may be the temperature and the control is water.
What is a dependent variable?A dependent variable is the variable that is being modified by the conditions of the experiment (in the example, the growth is dependent on the temperature).
Moreover, a control variable is any condition that remains constant throughout the experiment (in this case, the amount of supplied water).
In conclusion, dependent variables is the growth rate, whereas the independent variable is the temperature and the control is water.
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Describing the shape of a spider web observed during an investigation of
living and non-living things in your backyard is an example of *blank*
measurement.
Describing the shape of a spider web observed is an example of nominal measurement.
What is Nominal measurement?This is a type of measurement in which the data or variables are named without any specific order unlike ordinal measurement.
The shape of the web was described without any emphasis on the order which is why it was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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The ________ valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure.
The Aortic valve opens when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic blood pressure.
The pulmonary valve and aortic valve, two one-way valves that divide the ventricles from the main arteries, are known as semilunar valves. The pulmonary valve divides the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery, while the aortic valve divides the left ventricle from the aorta.
when the semilunar valves open and the ventricular pressure surpasses the arterial pressure, they are injected into the major arteries. However, arterial pressure rises when the ventricles relax.
The semilunar valves close due to ventricular pressure. Because of the increased pressures in the seal semilunar valve, the aorta, and the pulmonary artery force the flow back toward the ventricles.
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Match each type of cause with the source that could shed light on that cause.
records related to the
and export of goods
population records related
to births and deaths
records related to
the use of certain wordspaintings, photographs,
and filmsletters and diaries of
ordinary peoplerecords related to banks
and financial transactions
Economic causes: records related to the and export of goods; records related to banks and financial transactions
Social causes: population records related to births and deaths; records related to the use of certain words
Cultural causes: paintings, photographs, and films; letters and diaries of
ordinary people.
Note that the complete question is found in the attached image.
What are the causes listed?The causes given are economic causes, social causes and cultural causes.
Economic causes deals with things that affect how to satisfy man's needs and wants, Social causes deals how humans relate, and Cultural causes deals with the way of life of a people.
The items and the correct causes are as follows:
Economic causes: records related to the and export of goods; records related to banks and financial transactions
Social causes: population records related to births and deaths; records related to the use of certain words
Cultural causes: paintings, photographs, and films; letters and diaries of
ordinary people.
In conclusion, the causes considered are economic , social and cultural, causes.
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The portion of cellular respiration that consists of passing molecules down a series of carriers is:
The electron transport chain of the cellular respiration passes molecules down a series of carriers.
The electron transport chain occurs at the end of the cellular respiration , It is in this stage that most of cellular ATP generation takes place.
The electron transport chain contains many carrier proteins which are located on the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The electrons and hydrogen ions are released into the electron transport chain by NADH.
Firstly, there is generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane, then molecular oxygen is reduced to form water and finally there is generation of ATP by the process of chemiosmosis.
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Match each word to it's correct meaning.
1. chlorophyll
2. chloroplast
3. palisade layer
4. photosynthesis
small oval bodies containing
chlorophyll
layer of cells near the top surface of
the leaf that contains the chloroplasts
green chemical that performs
photosynthesis
food-making process in green
plants
im in need of help someone someone help me with the question in the picture
Moonlight is sunlight reflected. A star of our Sun's size is typical. The galaxy that houses our Solar System is called the Milky Way.
In the Milky Way Galaxy, which has hundreds of billions of stars, our Sun is but one common star. Electromagnetic radiation from the sun, both visible and invisible, includes heat. Due to the moon's low degree of reflection, very little of the incident "light" that hit the moon is reflected back to the earth. Because we refer to anything connected to our star by the adjective "solar," which comes from the Latin word "solis," our planetary system is known as "the solar system." Our solar system is situated in the Milky Way galaxy's outer spiral arm.
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The _______________ finned fish have strong fleshy limbs supported by strong bones that are attached to the body.
Answer:
Lobe finned fish
Explanation:
Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days, persists for about a week, and commonly affects children is probably caused by_______.
Acute gastroenteritis that occurs after an incubation period of two to three days persists for about a week, and commonly affects children are probably caused by Rotavirus.
Rotavirus is an endemic that causes signs of extreme diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and dehydration. it is without problems spread amongst people. Rotavirus usually causes excessive, watery diarrhea and vomiting in toddlers and young kids. youngsters may become dehydrated and need to be hospitalized.
Rotavirus is most often spread via a fecal-oral direction. that is frequently due to the fact a child does now not wash his or her hands nicely or often enough. it is able to additionally be due to eating or consuming infected meals or water. The virus might also stay on surfaces such as doorknobs, toys, and other hard objects for a long term.
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In a muscle contraction, the force that shortens the sarcomeres comes from the myosin cross-bridges pulling on the?
In a muscle contraction, the force that shortens the sarcomeres comes from the myosin cross-bridges pulling on the actin filaments.
A myosin head essentially functions like a cocked spring that bends and delivers a power stroke when it binds to an actin filament. A single sarcomere is forced to contract and shortens as a result of the power stroke's actin filament sliding past the myosin.
If there is enough ATP and the myosin-binding sites are exposed, myosin binds to actin to start the cross-bridge cycling process. The muscle contracts as the sarcomere shortens. Since this binding cannot take place without calcium, free calcium is a crucial regulator of muscle contraction.
Therefore,In a muscle contraction, the force that shortens the sarcomeres comes from the myosin cross-bridges pulling on the actin filaments.
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Underestimation of blood pressure will occur if the blood pressure cuff's width covers?
In adult blood pressure cuff size is 181 from 25 to 7 year old, which is allocated to random sequence that the measurement of blood pressure using a cuff .
systolic and diastolic blood pressure is underestimated from 3 to 5 mm Hg in men and 1 to 3 mm Hg in women's .Blood pressure cuff is a monitor which used to measure the blood pressure. Its is composed of inflatable cuff to collapse and release the artery under the process.
Mercury and anterior used to measure the blood pressure . The cuff is wrapped around your arms in upper side and inflated to stop the flow of blood in arteries.
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What evidence exists that humans evolved in africa?
Fossil record of the first possible bipeds is the evidence exists that state humans are evolved in Africa. Modern humans arose in Africa at least 250,000 to 300,000 years ago, fossils and DNA are the evidence that reveals. Scientists have been unable to pinpoint a more specific homeland because the earliest Homo sapiens fossils are found all across Africa.
Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that continent. The fossils of early humans who lived between 6 and 2 million years ago come entirely from Africa. Most scientists currently recognize some 15 to 20 different species of early humans found from Africa.
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The _____ maps patterns of blood flow, oxygen use, and glucose consumption in the brain.
Answer: PET scan, positron-emission tomography
The PET scan, positron-emission tomography maps patterns of blood flow, oxygen use, and glucose consumption in the brain.
An imaging test called a positron emission tomography (PET) scan enables your doctor to look for disorders inside your body. A specific dye with radioactive tracers is used during the scan. Depending on the area of the body being investigated, these tracers may be ingested, breathed, or administered via injection into a vein in your arm.PET scans are used to find early indications of heart disease, cancer, and brain issues. Infected cells are discovered using an injectable radioactive tracer. A PET-CT combo scan generates 3D pictures for a more precise diagnosis.Measure essential processes like blood flow, oxygen consumption, and blood sugar (glucose) metabolism with a PET scan. Find the organs and tissues that aren't functioning properly. To determine the extent of the cancer, find malignant tumor cells.learn more about PET scan here: https://brainly.com/question/7436350
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Our metabolism, the rate at which food is converted to energy, is controlled by a hormone released by the _____
Thyroid gland
Our body turns the food and liquid you consume into energy through a process known as metabolism. This intricate process releases the energy your body requires to function by combining calories from food and beverages with oxygen.
Anabolism is the process of constructing new body tissues and energy reserves, while catabolism refers to the process of destroying existing body structures and energy reserves to get additional fuel for bodily operations (called catabolism). The thyroid gland produces and secretes a hormone that is crucial in controlling how quickly or slowly the body's chemical reactions for metabolism move. A crucial hormone gland, the thyroid gland is important for the growth, development, and metabolism of the human body. By continuously releasing a regular amount of thyroid hormones into the bloodstream, it aids in the regulation of numerous bodily processes.
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HELP!
Which characteristics do all bony and jawless fish have in common? Check all that apply.
backbone
swim bladder
scales
gills
bony skeleton
The bony skeleton and gills are common in bony and jawless fishes
Both cartilaginous and bony fish have an endoskeleton. bony fish and fish with cartilage both have gills for breathing. bony fish and fish with cartilage both have jaws in their mouths. Fish with bony bones and fish with cartilage both have paired fins. They are unable to regulate their internal body temperature.
Their core body temperature is comparable to the ambient temperature. The majority of jawless fish have paired gill chambers, sometimes as many as seven, and a cartilage-based skeleton. Bony fish have gills on the sides of their heads and are scale-covered. While jawed fish ventilate their gills unidirectionally, with water streaming in at the mouth and out over the gills, the jawless fish ventilate their gill pouches with tidal water flow.
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When the number of enzymes needed to break down a drug in the liver increases, it is called:_______
When the number of enzymes needed to break down a drug in the live increases , its is called as Cytochrome P-450 enzymes. It is a group of enzymes that helps in to breakdown to drug via primary mechanism for metabolizing .
Drug metabolism are the breakdown by living organism .and they divided into three phases , first is cytocromes p450 oxidases which react into xenobiotic . second phase is where compounds conjugated to polar compounds. in last phase conjugated xenobiotics processed and converted into lipophilic compounds.
Some drug such as rifampin, work as a inducers they increase the P-450 enzymes level in the liver.
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Why can the researches of Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek be considered the beginnings of microscopy and microbiology
Answer:
Biology is the study of living things and their processes of life. Both Hooke and Van Leeuwenhoek made major, early contributions to biology.
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke is best known for the discovery of the cell. Using a microscope, Hooke looked at the makeup of a piece of cork. Through the microscope, he saw box-like structures. What he saw would later be known as cell walls. He discovered that these structures were cells, the building blocks of all life.
His discovery and future research contributed greatly to the cell theory.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Leeuwenhoek made his discovery after Hooke, but it was still important. He is best known for the discovery of bacteria. Unlike Hooke, Leeuwenhoek did not study plant cells; instead, he focused on protists (like amoebas) and prokaryotes (like bacteria). For his work with unicellular organisms, he is often called the "Father of Microbiology."
Which three endocrine glands are affected by hormones from the anterior pituitary?
There re three glands which affected by hormones from the anterior pituitary - Thyroid gland , Adrenal glands, Gonads.
Pituitary gland secrete hormones which control metabolism, growth, sexual maturation, reproduction, blood pressure ,etc. It secretes cortisol hormones ( stress hormones) which affects endocrine glands. And hypothalamus can control the anterior pituitary functions by production peptide hormones which transfer the signal to brain.
Endocrine glands are the organs which makes hormone for the body that are release directly into the blood then it travels through body tissues and reaches the organs of body . Pituitary gland is divided into two parts - anterior and posterior gland .Anterior pituitary is produced several hormones .
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Pulmonary Artery Enlargement on Routine Staging 18F-Fluodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/CT for Lung and Oesophageal Cancer
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an underdiagnosed condition associated with poor survival and increased post-operative mortality in lung cancer.
What is pulmonary hypertension?A form of high blood pressure known as pulmonary hypertension affects the arteries in the lungs and the right side of the heart.
Blood arteries in the lungs are constricted, obstructed, or damaged in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), one kind of pulmonary hypertension. Due to the injury, blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs increases and blood flow through the lungs is slowed. Blood must be pumped through the lungs more forcefully by the heart. The increased strain eventually weakens and fails the cardiac muscle.
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Number and laminar distribution of neurons in a thalamocortical projection column of rat vibrissal cortex.
The quantity and arrangement of NeuN-positive neurons in the C2, D2, and D3 TC projection columns in the P27 rat somatosensory barrel cortex based on a thorough identification of neurons in a thalamocortical projection column of rat vibrissal cortex.
The main sources of cortical activity in sensory areas5 and associative brain areas, like the frontal cortex10–12, are thalamocortical projections. There are approximately 40 nuclei in the thalamus4,13,14, and each one innervates a unique combination of cortical regions.
Thalamocortical radiations, also known as thalamocortical fibers, serve as functional relays transmitting sensory or motor information from the thalamus to various regions of the cerebral cortex. Thalamocortical radiations are parallel channels that connect particular thalamic nuclei with particular cortical regions. In individuals with psychosis, there are two unique patterns of thalamocortical connection.
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Rudolph the Reindeer has a red nose (n), which is a recessive trait. Betsy the Reindeer has a black nose (N), which is a dominant trait, and she does not carry the recessive allele. Assume the rules of human genetics also apply to reindeer. If Rudolph and Betsy have a calf, what will its genotype be?
According to the rules of human genetics, if Betsy and Rudolph have a calf it will have a black nose.
What are alleles?
The substance that is stably passed down, unchanged, from parent to offspring through the gametes, over successive generations is called as ‘factors’ now called as genes.Genes, therefore, are the units of inheritance. They contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism. Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene.Since Betsy has a dominant trait and doesn't carry any recessive gene and Rudolf has a recessive trait, their phenotypes will be NN and nn respectively. Mendel proposed that in a pair of dissimilar factors, one dominates the other and hence is called the dominant factor while the other factor is recessive. In this case N (for black nose) is dominant over n (for red nose), that is recessive. From the punnet square it is seen that the all the fertilisations lead to individuals having 'black nose' only and none of them will have 'red nose'. Within the genotypic pair Nn only one character N 'black nose' is expressed. Hence the character N or ‘black nose’ is said to dominate over the other allele n or ‘red nose’ character. It is thus due to this dominance of one character over the other that all the calf will have 'black nose' with Nn as the genotype.To learn more about punnet square:
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Relatively speaking, how much atp is produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
2 ATPs are produced in the TCA cycle per glucose molecule (2 acetyl CoA).
The ATP that is produced by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is, both yield a small amount of ATP.
Citric acid cycle is also known as Krebs cycle, which breaks down the pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide. As a result to which it produces 2 ATP and 6 NADH, for every glucose molecule entering glycolysis.
Krebs cycle is a series of reactions that occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. It takes in acetyl CoA and produces carbon dioxide.
The overall yield of energy-containing compounds from the citric acid cycle is three NADH, one FADH2, and one GTP.
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The collection of organisms and their nonliving surroundings that functions as a unit is called:__________.
The collection of organisms and their nonliving surroundings that functions as a unit is called ecosystem. There are two kinds of ecosystem:
Aquatic ecosystems (ecosystems dependent on water) Terrestrial ecosystems are those found on land.Biomes are broad classifications of terrestrial ecosystems based chiefly on climate. Tropical rain forests, savannas, deserts, coniferous forests, and tundra are a few examples of nonliving surroundings in terrestrial biomes. According to the definition of an aquatic ecosystem, it is a water-based environment. Aquatic environments are of two types: marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. The organisms included different fish species, crayfish, turtles and sharks etc.
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A scientist wishes to develop a new drug that prevents synaptic communication via neuropeptides but not small molecule neurotransmitters. Which mechanism would be a good target for his drug
Disruption of axonal transport would be a good target for his drug.
What is disruption of axonal transport?Axonal transport defects are among the early molecular events leading to neurodegeneration in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Gene expression profiles indicate that dynactin-1 mRNA is downregulated in degenerating spinal motor neurons of autopsied patients with sporadic ALS. Disruption of axonal transport also underlies the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegias.The neurotoxin β,β′-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) selectively disrupts slow axonal transport without affecting fast anterograde or retrograde axonal transport.Impairment of slow axonal transport causes a proximal accumulation of neurofilaments. Because neurofilaments regulate axonal diameter, this accumulation leads to a marked swelling of the axon.Acrylamide causes decreased axonal transport, also causing proximal accumulations of neurofilaments and swelling.To learn more about axonal transport,
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What is magmatic differentiation? how might this process lead to the formation of several different igneous rocks from a single magma?
Magmatic differentiation entails approaches by the way in which chemically one-of-a-kind igneous rocks, along with basalt and granite, can shape from the same initial magma excessive-temperature minerals can crystallize and settle out, causing the ultimate molten fabric to be focused with components that may later form rock enriched in low-temperature minerals (along with granite).
The technique by means of which chemically specific igneous rocks, such as basalt and granite, can shape from the equal initial magma.
Magmatic differentiation can arise by way of the chemical response between the magma and the first crystals to solidify out of it, or by the physical separation of the first crystals that shape from the ultimate magma, both thru settling to the bottom of a magma chamber or thru crustal deformations that purpose the remaining magma to be squeezed out to cool in veins.
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Which hormone(s) is/are required for facultative water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?
ADH hormones are required for facultative water reabsorption in the collecting ducts.
What about facultative water reabsorption?The antidiuretic hormone is the hormone in charge of facultative water reabsorption (ADH). By enhancing the water permeability of key cells in the collecting duct and the last segment of the distal convoluted tubule, facultative water reabsorption is achieved. The proximal convoluted tubule is the initial area of the nephron that is in charge of reabsorbing water. The proximal tubule receives filtered fluid from Bowman's capsule. Antidiuretic hormone increases the reabsorption of water into the circulation by binding to receptors on cells in the kidney's collecting ducts. The collecting ducts are essentially impermeable to water in the absence of antidiuretic hormone, and water escapes as urine.In facultative reabsorption, water is reabsorbed through osmosis because the impact of ADH makes the collecting ducts more permeable to water.Learn more about hormone here:
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It can take ____ for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink (0.6 ounces).
It can take one hour for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink which is equals to 0.6 ounces.
How much time take by the body to process the alcohol?Our liver can process one ounce of alcohol of standard drink which is equals to 0.6 ounces in one hour. If a person consume more than this amount, the body becomes saturated and the extra alcohol will accumulate in the blood and tissues until it can be metabolized by the body. Alcohol is bad for our health because our senses do not work properly so the consumption of alcohol must be stopped.
So we can conclude that It can take one hour for the body to process the alcohol in one standard drink.
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A multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives in an animal host is a(n) Group of answer choices Alga. Bacterium. Fungus. Helminth. Virus.
A multicellular organism with a mouth that lives in an animal host will be a Helminth. The correct option is the third option.
What are Helminthes?They are are group of invertebrate animals known as flatworms.
They are characterized by elongated, roud, or flat bodies. They live mostly as parasites of animals.
They usually have attachment organs that enable them to attach themselves to hosts.
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