Answer:
This is an example of A. Avoiding risk
Explanation:
The answer is A because by not selling the bike with the faulty part, they are AVOIDING injuring the people who purchase their bikes.
A successful total quality management (TQM) program requires
a) minimizing changes in the organization's culture.
b) attributing defects to the appropriate production function(s).
c) focusing on defect solutions, not sources.
d) soliciting feedback from division-level managers and above.
e) breaking down barriers between functions.
Answer:
Breaking down barriers between functions
Explanation:
Total quality management is a management approach to getting all employees committed to improving processes , products and services towards achieving a customer satisfaction and growth success into a foreseeable future.
One key requirement towards achieving this is breaking down barriers between functions as development of new products calls for efficient planning to deliver customer satisfaction and employees in different functions and department also have to work together to anticipate problems that could impair quality of products.
The successful total quality management (TQM) program requires
required Breaking down barriers between functions.
What is TQM:It is the management approach where it recieved all employees committed for improving out the processes, product & services, so that the customer satisfaction should be achieved. Also, the growth success should be considered for the near future.
If there is the split down barriers that lies between the functions should be of the establishment of the new product calls so that the efficient planning could be done.
Learn more about management here: https://brainly.com/question/24302303
Tariffs Group of answer choices may be imposed either to raise revenue (revenue tariffs) or to shield domestic producers from foreign competition (protective tariffs). are per-unit subsidies designed to promote exports. are excise taxes on goods exported abroad. are also called import quotas.
Answer:
imposed either to raise revenue (revenue tariffs) or to shield domestic producers from foreign competition (protective tariffs).
Explanation:
A tariff is a compulsory sum levied on the importation of goods. the purpose of tariffs is either to raise revenue (revenue tariffs) or to shield domestic producers from foreign competition (protective tariffs). by imposing tariffs, imported goods become more expensive. this discourages importation and encourages individuals to patronise locally produced goods.
"$1,750,000 on July 1. The company expects to mine ore for the next 10 years and anticipates that a total of 400,000 tons will be recovered. The estimated residual value of the property is $150,000. During the first year, the company extracted 6,500 tons of ore. The depletion expense is"
The question is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
The Weber Company purchased a mining site for $1,750,000 on July 1. The company expects to mine ore for the next 10 years and anticipates that a total of 400,000 tons will be recovered. The estimated residual value of the property is $150,000. During the first year, the company extracted 6,500 tons of ore. The depletion expense is
Answer:
$26,000
Explanation:
Weber company purchases a mining site for $1,750,000
The company is expected to mine ore for a period of 10 years
A total of 400,000 tons is expected to be recovered
The estimated residual value of the property is $150,000
During the first year, the company extracts 6,500 tons
Therefore, the depletion expense can be calculated as follows
Depletion expense= Actual number of tons that was extracted/Total number of tons to be extracted during the working period × (Original cost of the site-residual value)
= 6,500 tons/400,000 tons × ($1,750,000-$150,000)
= 0.01625 × $1,600,000
= $26,000
Hence the depletion expense is $26,000
All the following statements concerning ordinary life insurance are correct EXCEPT: Group of answer choices The face amount of the policy is paid if the insured lives to age 75. Premiums are level throughout the life of the policy. There is a build-up of cash value the policyholder can borrow. Ordinary life offers the policyholder the flexibility to meet a wide range of financial objectives.
Answer:
Correct Answer:
4. Ordinary life offers the policyholder the flexibility to meet a wide range of financial objectives.
Explanation:
Ordinary life insurance is a type of life insurance in which policyholders pay premiums for their whole lives at a set price and interval. Despite offering protection in an event of unfortunate event for the policyholders, it does not offer the flexibility to meet wide range of financial objectives.
Ordinary life insurance policies are often considered paid up if the policyholder reaches 100 years of age.
Consider a small country that is closed to trade, so its net exports are equal to zero. The following equations describe the economy of this country in billions of dollars, where C is consumption, D is disposable income, I is investment, and G is government purchases: C=40+0.9∗DIG=80I=201. Assume that this economy initially has a fixed tax and that net taxes (taxes minus transfer payments are $100 billion. Disposable income is then (Y−100), where Y is the real GDP. Aggregate output demanded is $500 billion (True/False).2. Suppose the government decides to increase spending by $10 billion without raising taxes. Because the expenditure multiplier is 10 (True/False), this will increase the economy's aggregate output demanded by $100 billion (True/False).3. Now, suppose that the government switches to an income tax, which is the type of variable tax, of 20%. Because consumers retain only 80% of each additional dollar of income, disposable income is now 0.80∗Y. In this case, the economy's aggregate output demanded is $500 billion (True/False).4. Given an income tax of 20%, the expenditure multiplier is approximately 3.6 (True/False). Therefore, if the government decides to increase spending by $10 billion without raising tax rates, this would increase the economy's aggregate output demanded by approximately $36 billion (True/False).5. A $10 billion increase in government purchases will have a larger effect on output under a fixed tax of $100 billion (True/False).
Answer:
1. Aggregate output demanded is $500 billion. True.
Aggregate Demand (Y) = C + G + I
Y = 40+0.9∗DI + 80 + 20
Y = 40 + 0.9 ∗ (Y−100) + 80 + 20
Y = 50 + 0.9Y
0.1Y = 50
Y = $500 billion
2. Suppose the government decides to increase spending by $10 billion without raising taxes. Because the expenditure multiplier is 10. True.
Expenditure Multiplier = 1 / ( 1 - Marginal Propensity to Consume)
Marginal Propensity to Consume = 0.9 as per the Consumption function.
= 1/ ( 1 - 0.9)
= 10
2. b. this will increase the economy's aggregate output demanded by $100 billion. True.
Change in Aggregate output = Increase in government expenditure * expenditure multiplier
= 10 billion * 10
= $100 billion
3. ... In this case, the economy's aggregate output demanded is $500 billion . True.
Aggregate Demand (Y) = C + G + I
Y = 40+0.9∗DI + 80 + 20
Y = 40 + 0.9 ∗ (0.80∗Y) + 80 + 20
Y = 140 + 0.72Y
0.28Y = 140
Y = $500 billion
4. Given an income tax of 20%, the expenditure multiplier is approximately 3.6. True.
As a result of the new tax, the MPC will become;
= 0.9 * ( 0.80 * Y)
= 0.72Y.
Expenditure Multiplier = 1 / ( 1 - Marginal Propensity to Consume)
= 1/ ( 1 - 0.72)
= 3.57
= 3.6
4. b. Therefore, if the government decides to increase spending by $10 billion without raising tax rates, this would increase the economy's aggregate output demanded by approximately $36 billion. True.
Change in Aggregate output = Increase in government expenditure * expenditure multiplier
= 10 billion * 3.6
= $36 billion
5. A $10 billion increase in government purchases will have a larger effect on output under a fixed tax of $100 billion. True.
When the tax was fixed, an increase in Government purchases of $10 billion resulted in an increase in Aggregate output of $100 billion. When the Government switched to income taxes however, a $10 billion increase in Government spending led to a significantly lesser increase in Aggregate output of $36 billion.
For a monopolist that is maximizing profits Question 2 options: A) marginal revenue exceeds price. B) price equals average total cost. C) price exceeds marginal cost. D) price equals marginal revenue.
Answer:
C) price exceeds marginal cost.
Explanation:
A monopoly is when there is only one firm operating in an industry. there is usually high barriers to entry of firms. the demand curve is downward sloping. it sets the price for its goods and services.
An example of a monopoly is an utility company
Because the demand curve is downward sloping, marginal revenue is less than price. As prices fall, more units of the product is bought.
Suppose there are 1000 firms in a market and all are identical. Firm A will hire 20 workers when the wage rate is $10, 25 workers when the wage rate is $9, and 30 workers when the wage rate is $8. The equilibrium wage rate for a number of years has been $9. If the wage rate falls to $8, we know that
Answer:
d. the quantity demanded for the market will increase to less than 30,000 workers.
Explanation:
Missing options:
a. the quantity demanded for the market will increase to 30,000 workers. b. the quantity demanded for the market will increase to more than 30,000 workers. c. the quantity demanded for the market will increase, but we can't tell which of the above answers is correct. d. the quantity demanded for the market will increase to less than 30,000 workers.maximum total demand for labor = 30 (at $8) x 1,000 firms = 30,000 workers, but since the equilibrium rate had been $9 for many years, some workers have already been hired at $9, and it is usually very difficult to lower someone's wage once they have been working. Even thought the quantity demanded will increase, it will probably not be able to reach 30,000 workers.
Which of the following is the best way to help build your self-esteem?
OA. Adapt.
B. Be critical.
C. Speak clearly
D. Know your abilities.
Answer:
The correct answer is D. Know your abilities.
Explanation
Self-esteem is the feeling that makes people worry about themselves and arouses the feeling of self-preservation; this is related to the way we value ourselves and we feel confident about our abilities, personality, and attributes. Due to this, one of the first steps to build or improve self-esteem is to know yourself and appreciate positive aspects such as attributes, strengths, talents, abilities, etc. Also, it is important to recognize negative aspects but to avoid focusing on these. As a result, you can understand your own value and appreciate or love yourself for this. So, the correct answer is A. Know your abilities.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
To know your abilities so you will know what you can do
Jeremy reminded the board members that it is important to understand the inflation rate of a country before entering into business. Jeremy is concerned with the ________ risks of doing business.
Answer:
Economic risk
Explanation:
Economic risk is defined as the probability that a business venture will fail in a foreign country as a result of a macroeconomic factor such as inflation, exchange rate, government regulation, and politics.
Inflation is the tendency of money losing its purchasing power.
In this scenario Jeremy is trying to understand the inflation rate of a country before entering into business.
He is weighing the risk of making loss as a result of inflation in the country
SEC Form S-3 is an optional, short-form registration statement that relies on the incorporation by reference of periodic reports required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Form S-3 offers substantial savings in filing costs over other forms because minimal disclosures are required in the prospectus. The SEC permits the use of Form S-3 by an issuer that
Complete Question:
SEC Form S-3 is an optional, short-form registration statement that relies on the incorporation by reference of periodic reports required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Form S-3 offers substantial savings in filing costs over other forms because minimal disclosures are required in the prospectus. The SEC permits the use of Form S-3 by an issuer that
Group of answer choices.
A. Does not qualify for Form S-1.
B. Is a seasoned issuer or a well-known seasoned issuer.
C. Does not have stock held by nonaffiliates.
D. Has not had to file Form 8-K during the most recent 2-year period.
Answer:
B. Is a seasoned issuer or a well-known seasoned issuer.
Explanation:
SEC Form S-3 is an optional, short-form registration statement that relies on the incorporation by reference of periodic reports required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Form S-3 offers substantial savings in filing costs over other forms because minimal disclosures are required in the prospectus. The SEC permits the use of Form S-3 by an issuer that is a seasoned issuer or a well-known seasoned issuer.
There are four (4) types of recognized issuers under the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) integrated disclosure system, namely;
1. A seasoned issuer: this is an issuer who has a minimum market capitalization of $75,000,000 and has filed for a year at least. They're permitted to use the Form S-3 to report any less details or provide information by reference to other sources.
2. A well-known seasoned issuer: this is an issuer who has a minimum worldwide market capitalization of $700,000,000 and has also filed for a year at least. They're also permitted by the SEC to use the Form S-3.
3. A non-reporting issuer: this is an issuer who is permitted to use the Form S-1 because they're not required to file report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
4. An unseasoned issuer: they are also required by the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to use the Form S-1.
What determines the foreign exchange rate?
A. Consumers
B. The
government
C. Market forces
D. Small businesses
Answer:
C market forces
Explanation:
the market
"Jobs Now is an employment website. Like its competitors, it offers free listings in every category, which is free for job seekers but not for companies. This feature of Jobs Now is an example of"
Answer:
A revenue model
Explanation:
A revenue model is a business organizational framework and strategy for balancing a business expenditure and income generation per revenue stream outlined by the business by identification of the veritable revenue sources, the structure of the pricing for the access to the value derived from the revenue source, as well as how customers are to pay for the value of the services of the revenue source
In essence, a revenue model maps value to buyers of a given valuable product.
Once a document conveying an interest in real property is placed in the public records it is binding on the public, whether or not they make an effort to learn of it. Based on the common law tradition, this policy is known as the:________.
a. Statute of Frauds
b. doctrine of constructive
c. notice habendum clause
d. actual notice
Answer:
b. doctrine of constructive
Explanation:
According to the doctrine of constructive, the company or the people under the provisions of the companies law should have the knowledge of memorandum of association and the article of association but there is an exception towards the indoor management
Here in the given situation, represents the doctrine of constructive scenario
Hence, the correct option is B.
0) Which of these statements apply to Retail Store to Retail Store Transfers? Is initiated to reduce losses of expiring products The request to transfer is identified at the corporate level and communicated to the store A store needs a specific item quickly and asks another store for it Reduces the excess inventory levels of organization
Answer:
The request to transfer is identified at the corporate level and communicated to the store
Explanation:
When the condition arises for transferring the retail store to retail store transfer then the first thing the organization do is requesting for transfer to the corporate level and on the other side the corporate level people check whether there are actually needed or not and also the communication would be made to the store
Hence, the second last option is correct
Serengeti makes lightweight sunglasses with 100 percent UV protection for people who love to hunt, hike, and bike ride. Its plans for the future include the development of lenses that, in addition to protecting users from UV rays, will also have effective water-sheeting action to reduce lens spotting. They are excited about this new feature under development because it will be valuable to people who fish. Serengeti has determined that fishing is one of the fastest growing sports in the United States. In terms of a SWOT analysis, Serengeti has recognized a(n) external market ________.
Answer:
opportunity
Explanation:
In the scenario being mentioned, Serengeti has recognized an external market opportunity. This is when a company identifies a product/service that is potentially wanted or needed by consumers but is not being already supplied by other companies. This allows the identifying company to produce and provide that service, thus filling a niche that will generate large sales numbers due to them being the only providers. Which is what Serengeti wants to do with their sunglasses for fishing.
The following information is available for Sheridan Company:
Sales $670000
Total fixed expenses $150000
Cost of goods sold 470000
Total variable expenses 420000
A CVP income statement would report:_______
a. Gross profit of $160,000
b. contribution margin of $400,000
c. gross profit of $190,000
d. contribution margin of $190,000
Answer:
The answer is $250,000
Explanation:
NOTE: The answer to the question is not among the options.
Contribution margin in Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) is sales minus variable cost.
Sales - $670,000
Total variable expenses $420,000
Therefore in CVP income statement, contribution margin is:
$670,000 - $420,000
= $250,000.
Gross profit is can never be calculated in CVP income statement
Cherries on Top, a national ice cream shop, is struggling financially to keep up with the bigger chains. The top executives have decided to close all the stores in the Northeast and Texas, as that will give them an additional one million dollars to put into marketing. This executive is practicing the
Answer:
utilitarian approach.
Explanation:
Cherries on Top is a national ice cream shop and is struggling financially to keep up with the bigger chains. The top executives have decided to close all the stores in the Northeast and Texas, as that will give them an additional one million dollars to put into marketing. This executive is practicing the utilitarian approach.
Utilitarianism can be defined as an ethical moral theory that offers anyone a relatively direct method for enhancing choices and making decisions about the right course of action for any particular situation.
Basically, the utilitarian approach analyzes and measure an action in terms of its outcome or consequences; by determining the net benefits and costs to all stakeholders of an organization individually.
The main purpose or focus of the utilitarian approach is to achieve the best possible outcome or results for the overall success of the business while creating the least amount of harm, loss, damage or suffering.
Hence, the executive of Cherries on Top is practicing the utilitarian approach.
Victoria runs a flower shop. She recently made some changes so that one employee answers phones and completes the order and payment process, while another creates arrangements, and a third packages and delivers floral arrangements. Previously, each employee was responsible for the order from the phone call through the delivery. Victoria has made changes to
Answer:
Task identity.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Victoria runs a flower shop and recently made some changes so that one employee answers phones and completes the order and payment process, while another creates arrangements, and a third packages and delivers floral arrangements. Previously, each employee was responsible for the order from the phone call through the delivery. Therefore, Victoria has made changes to task identity.
Task identity can be defined as the overall extent to which each employee does a job completely, typically from the start point (beginning) to finish point (end). In this context, the start point or beginning of the job is the "phone call" while the finish point or end of the job is to deliver the product to the rightful consumer.
Hence, task identity mainly involves starting a job from the beginning to the end with visible outcomes for all to see or acknowledge.
Bill hires Andrew as a buyer's agent. Bill confides he filed for bankruptcy two years ago. Bill would like to find a seller who is willing to carry the loan. In this situation, a correct statement about Andrew's responsibility regarding disclosure of the bankruptcy when presenting the offer to purchase is that Andrew is
Answer:
d. required to disclose the bankruptcy because it is a material fact—information important to the seller's evaluation of the offer.
Explanation:
In this scenario, Bill hires Andrew as a buyer's agent. Bill confides he filed for bankruptcy two years ago. Bill would like to find a seller who is willing to carry the loan. In this situation, a correct statement about Andrew's responsibility regarding disclosure of the bankruptcy when presenting the offer to purchase is that Andrew is required to disclose the bankruptcy because it is a material fact—information important to the seller's evaluation of the offer.
As standard practice, The principal real estate broker (PREB) is obligated or required to disclose any material fact such as a bankruptcy because it is something that might influence a buyer's decision to either change his or her mind about the transaction. Hence, irrespective of the type of relationship between the principal real estate broker (PREB) and the seller, either an agency or non-agency relationship it is required to disclose the bankruptcy.
On April 1, Aloe, Inc. factored $80,000 of its accounts receivable without recourse. The factor retained 10% of the accounts receivable as an allowance for sales returns and charged a 5% commission on the gross amount of the factored receivables. What amount of cash did Aloe receive from the factored receivables
Answer: $68,000
Explanation:
Based on the information that have been provided in the question, the amount of cash that Aloe receive from the factored receivables will be:
= $80,000 - (10% × $80,000) - (5% × $80,000)
= $80000 - $8000 - $4000
= $80,000 - $12,000
= $68,000
If Bhargava and his team are successful in solving the global problems of energy, water, and health, what would be a fourth area you would want the billions in change movement to work on solving
Answer:
If Bhargava and his team are successful in solving the global problems of energy, water, and health, what would be a fourth area you would want the Billions in Change movement to work on solving? - If Bhargava and his team succeed, another are that needs assistance is the field of food and nutrition for those suffering ...
Explanation:
Plz make me Brain liest );
Jamie was participating in a market research study regarding computers when he was presented with 24 different computers that varied on four criteria. He was asked to rank all 24 descriptions in terms of his preference for those combinations of features. Which approach to assess the relative importance Jamie places on evaluative criteria was this research using?
Answer:
conjoint analysis
Explanation:
In the market research study being described, they were using conjoint analysis. This is a statistical technique that helps determine how potential customers value different attributes such as a specific feature, function, or benefit that makes up an individual product or service. In this particular scenario, Jamie was asked to rank the different computers based on each ones unique/different criteria or features.
Production possibilities frontiers are usually bowed outward. This is because a. resources are specialized; that is, some are better at producing particular goods rather than other goods. b. of the effects of technological change. c. the opportunity cost of producing a good decreases as more and more of that good is produced. d. the more resources a society uses to produce one good, the fewer resources it has available to produce another good.
Answer:
d. the more resources a society uses to produce one good, the fewer resources it has available to produce another good.
Explanation:
The Production possibilities frontiers is a curve that shows the various combination of two goods a company can produce when all of its resources are fully utilised.
As more quantities of a product is produced, the fewer resources it has available to produce another good. As a result less of the other product would be produced. So, the opportunity cost of producing a good increases as more and more of that good is produced.
Please check the attached image for a diagram of the Production possibilities frontiers
All of the following statements regarding technical analysis are correct except A) technical analysts use terms such as trendline, support, and resistance in analyzing stocks. B) technical analysts rely on charts to predict the future prices of stocks. C) technical analysts rely heavily on financial ratios in their analysis of stocks. D) technical analysts attempt to predict the future movement of stock prices based on past trends.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Technical analysis is a trading tool used to evaluate investment and trading opportunities by gathering and analyzing trends from trading activities , thereby it is able to predict future prices of stocks based on past trends.
The analyst does not rely on financial ratios in the analysis of stocks as financial ratio is mostly used by fundamental analyst in financial performance evaluation and not by technical analysts in predicting changes in stock movements
Which of the following is NOT a person as defined by the Uniform Securities Act?
A) A small unincorporated investment club.
B) Guelph, a small city outside of Toronto, Ontario, that maintains an investment account at a brokerage house to invest surplus funds.
C) A child prodigy for whom his mother, as custodian, opened an account at a major securities firm.
D) XYZ Dry Cleaners, Inc., whose shareholders all work on the premises and also offer financial advice to customers who request it.
Answer:
C) A child prodigy for whom his mother, as custodian, opened an account at a major securities firm.
Explanation:
The Uniform Securities Act is statute that guides state on how they design their securities laws. The Security and Exchange Commission set up these guides to protect investors from securities fraud at the state level
According to the Uniform Securities Act a person is an individual, trust, corporation, unincorporated company, government, or a division of government that enters into a legal contract.
A child is not able to enter into a legally binding contract, so they are not considered to be a person according to the Uniform Securities Act.
An adult can be the only individual considered as a person. They can open the account on behalf of the child
Ken, whose primary job is supervising a small production group, is not getting cooperation from all members on the cross-functional team he leads. In particular, Bethany, a senior marketing manager, seems to resist his direction and tries to influence team members to go in another direction. The source of conflict in this case may be
Answer:
Status differences.
Explanation:
Since Ken, whose primary job is supervising a small production group, isn't getting cooperation from all members on the cross-functional team he leads. In particular, Bethany, a senior marketing manager, seems to resist his direction and tries to influence team members to go in another direction. The source of conflict in this case may be status differences.
A status difference in workplaces occurs between various workers or employees as a result of perceived thought of being higher than the other employees because of factors such as educational background, qualifications, age, intelligence, gender etc.
Basically, the top executives or human resources managers in organizations should strive really hard to reduce status differences at workplace through counseling, because it inhibits growth and development.
grouper Company has an old factory machine that cost $50,750. The machine has accumulated depreciation of $28,420. Grouper has decided to sell the machine. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts.) (a) What entry would Grouper make to record the sale of the machine for $25,375 cash
Answer:
Accumulated depreciation $28,420 (debit)
Cash $25,375 (debit)
Profit and Loss $3,045 (credit)
Cost $50,750 (credit)
Explanation:
For any sale of an Item of Property, Plant and Equipment, the sale must be accounted as follows :
De-recognize the Accumulated depreciation on the AssetDe-recognize the Cost of the AssetRecognize the Proceeds of the SaleRecognize the Profit or Loss on Sale of the asset (In this case there was a profit)write the importance of profession education
Answer:
The educational program which helps to acquire necessary theoretical knowledge and practical skills to develop a good career is called professional education. It is also called career education.
Mason Company paid its annual property taxes of $240,000 on February 15, 20X9. Mason also anticipates that its annual repairs expense for 20X9 will be $1,200,000. This amount is usually incurred and paid in July and August when operations are shut down so that machinery and equipment can be repaired. What amount should Mason deduct for property taxes and repairs in each quarter for 20X9?
Answer:
$360,000 per quarter
Explanation:
we must allocate both property taxes and annual repairs expenses equally to each quarter:
total payments = property taxes + annual repairs = $240,000 + $1,200,000 = $1,440,000
allocation to each quarter = $1,440,000 / 4 quarters = $360,000 per quarter
Accrual accounting states that expenses must be recorded when they occur and not necessarily when they are associated with a cash outflow. Since both payments involve the whole year, they must be distributed equally in all 4 quarters.
On January 2, 20X5, Lem Corp. bought machinery under a contract that required a down payment of $10,000, plus twenty-four monthly payments of $5,000 each, for total cash payments of $130,000. The cash equivalent price of the machinery was $110,000. The machinery has an estimated useful life of ten years and estimated salvage value of $5,000. Lem uses straight-line depreciation. In its 20X5 income statement, what amount should Lem report as depreciation for this machinery
Answer:
$10,500 per year
Explanation:
The computation of depreciation under SLM is shown below:-
Depreciation under Straight line method = (cash equivalent price of the machinery - Estimated salvage value) ÷ Useful life
= ($110,000 - $5,000) ÷ 10 years
= $10,500 per year
Therefore for computing the depreciation under straight line method we simply applied the above formula.