Answer:
verdadero
Explanation:
Los valores instrumentales son aquellas formas de actuar específicas que una persona utiliza en un momento determinado para alcanzar un objetivo deseado
The instrumental value or worth of objects that provide a means to some desirable end, that satisfy some human needs and wants. Thus, instrumental value is a desired end state or outcome that people seek to achieve is true.
What is an instrumental value?Instrumental value is the value that something has because it helps us to get or achieve something else for example money. It is the value or worth of objects that provide a means to some desirable end, that satisfy human needs and wants.
In moral philosophy, instrumental and intrinsic value are the distinction between what is a means to an end and what is as an end in itself. Things are deemed to have instrumental value if they help one achieve a particular end.
Therefore, the statement mentioned in the question is true.
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A company's December 31 work sheet for the current period appears below. Based on the information provided, what is net income for the current period?Unadjusted Trial Balance AdjustmentsDebit Credit Debit CreditCash 1,975Accounts Receivable 1,000 875Prepaid insurance 1,600 650Supplies 330 115Equipment 8,320Accumulated depreciation—equipment 720 190Accounts payable 1,140Owner, Capital 9,110Owner, Withdrawals 1,050Fees earned 7,250 875Rent expense 1,300Salaries expense 2,300Utilities expense 345Insurance expense 650Supplies expense 115Depreciation expense—equipment 190Totals 18,220 18,220 1,830 1,830
Answer:
Net income for the current period is $2,350.
Explanation:
Calculation of Net Income for the Current Period.
$ $
Fees earned 7,250
Less Expenses :
Rent expense 1,300
Salaries expense 2,300
Utilities expense 345
Insurance expense 650
Supplies expense 115
Depreciation expense—equipment 190 (4,900)
Net Income / (Loss) 2,350
The managerial task of ______ involves establishing task and authority relationships.
Answer:
Organizing
Explanation:
Organizing is the most important role in any organization as it defines that the work is distributed among employees so that the target can be achieved timely. Also during the organizing process the supervisor coordinates with their employees.
Therefore the correct answer is organizing as it includes the task which has been created and authority relationship.
g The process whereby the government acquires the ownership of private property for a public use is called
Answer: c. Condemnation
Explanation:
The Government is allowed by statute to take over the ownership of a private property for public use and this right is called a Condemnation or Eminent Domain.
Should the Government do this however, you will not go empty handed as you are entitled to a compensation worthy of the value of the property possessed.
The ROA for financial institutions such as banks is typically quite low as compared to non-financial firms. Why? With such a low ROA, how can banks attract stockholders?
Answer:
ROA = return on assets = income / average total assets
Banks are in the business of receiving money (liabilities) and lending money (assets), and their profit is made for the difference that they pay for deposits and the money that they charge for loans. That is why assets and liabilities are very large for banks, while equity tends to be very small compared to liabilities.
For example, the average debt to equity ratio for banks range from 2 to 3, depending on whether they are commercial or investment banks. Assuming a debt to equity ratio of 3, liabilities represent 75% of the banks assets while equity represents only 25%. That is why a small ROA can represent a large ROE (return on equity).
1. Why do firms choose to make large increases in their dividends or start a stock repurchase program?2. Why do firms choose to cut or eliminate their dividends? What usually happens to the stock price of a company that does this?
Answer with Explanation:
Requirement 1:
The companies whose products are in growth phase or the company is cash cow which has a well diversified products does not have to invest in adding a new product line because their earnings are already stable enough or that they don't have to invest much because sufficient profits are left after extracting for investments. Increase in dividends has two meanings that either the management is confident enough that they think that the company will be able to earn more in the future and they will achieve better position in future which is a good news in the stock exchange and for investors as well and investor invest more in the company's ordinary stock.
Company start Stock repurchase program which is to buyback its previously issued ordinary shares which is because the management thinks that the stock is undervalued and thus they repurchase their ordinary shares so that the stock will go up in near future and this will benefit the company and the existing shareholders as well. This also helps in increasing earnings per share, return on equity, etc because the equity is reduced by share repurchase program.
Stock repurchase program is also run by the organization because they don't find any attractive opportunities. This means that the company does not have any large investment opportunities which means growth in revenue and profit can not be expected in the future years. Thus when the company starts repurchasing of stock the investor starts selling their stocks.
Requirement 2:
If the company thinks that they can increase the worth of shareholders beyond their shareholder's expectation then they don't pay dividend and invest in projects to increase the sales growth, profits and market share significantly in the coming future.
Some long term shareholders think this is a great news whereas short term investors who are looking for dividends will sell the stock which means that the stock value may fall in near future but in long run the company stock value increase when the investment will start showing its results.
g What should the government do in order to ensure the market produces optimal (efficient) quantity
Answer:
For government to ensure that the market produces optimal efficient quantity, it should impose corrective subsidies that will help reduce the producers' marginal costs so that they can equal their marginal revenue.
Explanation:
At the output point where marginal social benefit (MSB) equals marginal social cost (MSC), the socially optimal level of output is achieved, because at any other level of output, a market failure exists. But, for firms, when the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue, optimal efficiency is achieved. So, for the government to achieve optimal efficient quantity that benefits the society, it must intervene to help producers equate their marginal costs to the marginal revenue. The government can do this through correct subsidies given to producers.
In a move to provide additional sales for U.S. car manufacturers, the White House announced the purchase of 17,600 new fuel-efficient vehicles for the federal fleet. Suppose the new fleet, which includes 2,500 hybrid sedans, will cost $275million. As an accountant in the White House Budget Office (WHBO), you have been asked to calculate the following:Required:a. If each hybrid vehicle will have an average cost of $26,000, what will be the average cost per non-hybrid vehicle? Round to the nearest whole dollar.b. Suppose furthermore, the White House said that by replacing less efficient vehicles, the government will reduce gasoline consumption by 1.9 million gallons per year and prevent 27 million pounds of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere. On average, how many gallons of gasoline and how many pounds of carbon dioxide will be "saved" per year per vehicle? Round to the nearest whole gallon and whole pound.
Answer:
a. If each hybrid vehicle will have an average cost of $26,000, what will be the average cost per non-hybrid vehicle?
each hybrid car costs $26,000 x 2,500 = $65,000,000
total cost of non-hybrid cars = $275,000,000 - $65,000,000 = $210,000,000
average cost of non-hybrid car = $210,000,000 / (17,600 - 2,500) = $13,907.28 per non-hybrid car
b. Suppose furthermore, the White House said that by replacing less efficient vehicles, the government will reduce gasoline consumption by 1.9 million gallons per year and prevent 27 million pounds of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere. On average, how many gallons of gasoline and how many pounds of carbon dioxide will be "saved" per year per vehicle? Round to the nearest whole gallon and whole pound.
1,900,000 gallons of gasoline saved per year / 17,600 cars = 107.95 ≈ 108 gallons of gasoline saved per car
27,000,000 pounds of carbon dioxide less per year / 17,600 cars = 1,534.09 ≈ 1,534 pounds of carbon dioxide saved per car
The person that most often interact with a customer before and after a purchase has been made in a called a
Answer:
The person that most often interact with a customer before and after a purchase has been made in a called a Salesman
Answer:
Im pretty sure its a salesman
Explanation:
Q 7.40: Bank customers should reconcile their records frequently with ________ to prevent their checks from ________.
Complete Question:
Bank customers should reconcile their records frequently with ________ to prevent their checks from ________.
Group of answer choices
A. Bank deposit slips; clearing.
B. Cash receipts; being returned.
C. Bank statements; bouncing.
Answer:
C. Bank statements; bouncing.
Explanation:
Bank customers should reconcile their records frequently with bank statements to prevent their checks from bouncing.
A bank statement can be defined as an official summary or list of financial transactions, which typically comprises of the amount of money that has been paid into or withdrawn from account by an individual or business entity over a specific period of time.
Generally, a bank statement usually has the following information charges, deposits, withdrawals, including the opening and closing balance for each account held at a given the period.
Hence, it is very important and necessary to reconcile records frequently with bank statements in order to prevent checks from bouncing or becoming void.
Interpret the measures of central tendency within the context of this problem. Should the company producing the coffee be concerned about the central tendency
Please find attachments for full question
Answer and Explanation:
Measures of central tendency is a central value that summarizes the distribution for a set of data. It could be seen as a middle value or an average that is used to measure most likely value in a probability distribution using a representative value. Central tendency measures include : arithmetic mean, median and mode. From the question, the arithmetic mean, median and mode for the tea bag company are 5.525, 5.53 and 5.54 respectively. The arithmetic mean represents the average distribution of products from which differing values may scew or cause outliers. The median represents distribution of products based on products that fall in between the upper and lower extremes. The mode represents the distribution of products based on how common products occur in sales.
Yes the measure of central tendency is important to the company because it helps the company plan ahead, knowing the average allows production planning to make enough provision to meet demand and production target(not going below or above) while also ensuring there is efficiency in production
Natalie and Curtis are thinking about borrowing an additional $20,000 to buy more kitchen equipment.
The loan would be repaid over a 4-year period.
The terms of the loan provide for equal semi-annual installment payments of $2,500 on May 1 and November 1 of each year plus interest of 5% on the outstanding balance.
Dividends on preferred stock were $1,250.
Since this is the first year of operations and the beginning balances are zero, use the ending balance as the average balance, where appropriate.
Required:
(a) Calculate the following ratios:
1. Current ratio
2. Receivables turnover
3. Inventory turnover
4. Debt to total assets
5. Times interest earned
6. Gross profit rate
7. Profit margin
8. Asset turnover
9. Return on assets
10. Return on common stockholders' equity
(b) Comment on your findings from part (a).
(c) Based on your analysis in parts (a) and (b), do you think a bank would lend Cookie & Coffee Creations Inc. $20,000 to buy the additional equipment?
Explain your reasoning.
(d) What alternatives could Cookie & Coffee Creations consider instead of bank financing?
Answer:
(a) Ratios:
1. Current ratio
= Current Assets/Current Liabilities
= $113,666/ $ 32,676
= 3.48
2. Receivables turnover
= Net Sales/Average Accounts Receivable
= $462,500/3,250
= 142.31
3. Inventory turnover
= Cost of goods sold/Average Inventory
= $231,250/17,897
= 12.92
4. Debt to total assets Ratio
= Total Debts/Total Assets * 100
= $38,676/$155,466 * 100
= 25%
5. Times interest earned
= EBIT/Interest Expense
= $98,863/413
= 239.38
6. Gross profit rate
= Gross profit/Sales * 100
= $231,250/462,500 * 100
= 0.5
= 50%
7. Profit margin
= Net Income/Sales * 100
= $78760/462,500 * 100
= 0.17
= 17%
8. Asset turnover
= Sales/Average Assets
= $462,500/155,466
= 2.97
9. Return on assets
= Net Income/Assets * 100
= $78,760/155,466 * 100
= 50.66%
10. Return on common stockholders' equity
= Net Income/Stockholders' Equity * 100
= $78,760/116,790 * 100
= 67.44%
(b) Comment on your findings from part (a).
1. Current ratio : This ratio shows CCC INC.'s ability to settle its current liabilities or financial obligations from its current assets. The company can comfortably settle its current financial obligations 3.48 times without borrowing. It only needs to manage its working capital well so that it does not run out of cash.
2. Receivables turnover : This ratio shows CCC INC.'s ability to collect its accounts receivable. It does not take long for CCC INC. to receive cash from credit customers. When the receivables turnover of 142.31 is divided into 365 days, we find that it takes only 2.6 days to collect from customers. This is very good.
3. Inventory turnover : This ratio shows how many times the company turns over its inventories. Its inventory is turned 12.92 times in a year.
4. Debt to total assets Ratio: This ratio shows the company's debts are only 25% of the total assets. The remaining 75% of the assets are contributed by equity. The company can still take on more debts when necessary.
5. Times interest earned : The interest expense is covered 239 times by the EBIT. This shows the company can settle its interest expense from current earnings.
6. Gross profit rate : This ratio shows the ability of the management to manage the cost of goods sold relative to the net sales. The gross profit represents 50% of the sales.
7. Profit margin : The profit ratio or margin ratio shows the ability of the managers to ensure that operating expenses do not consume the sales revenue. They could only preserve 17% of the sales revenue for the owners after expenses and income taxes.
8. Asset turnover : The company generated 2.97 times of the assets it used for operations. This looks good and sound.
9. Return on assets : What is the return made from the assets? This ratio shows that CCC INC. generates 50.66% net income on each of the assets it has deployed in operations.
10. Return on common stockholders' equity : The company generates 67.44% returns for the stockholders.
(c) The company does not need to borrow $20,000 from any bank with so much in cash.
(d) Alternatives to bank financing:
The company can self-finance equipment worth $20,000 and even invest its idle cash into some marketable securities.
Explanation:
a) Data:
Balance Sheet October 31, 2017
Assets
Current assets
Cash $86,219
Accounts receivable 3,250
Inventory 17,897
Prepaid expenses 6,300 $113,666
Property, plant, and equipment
Furniture and fixtures $12,500
Accumulated depreciation—
Furniture and fixtures (1,250) 11,250
Computer equipment 4,200
Accumulated depreciation—
computer equipment (600) 3,600
Kitchen equipment 29,000
Accumulated depreciation—
kitchen equipment (2,050) 26,950 41,800
Total assets $155,466
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities
Accounts payable $ 5,848
Income tax payable 19,690
Dividends payable 700
Salaries and wages payable 2,250
Interest payable 188
Note payable—current portion 4,000 $ 32,676
Long-term liabilities Note payable—
long-term portion 6,000
Total liabilities $38,676
Stockholders’ equity :
Paid-in capital
Preferred stock, 2,800 shares issued and
outstanding $ 14,000
Common stock, 25,930 shares issued,
25,180 outstanding 25,930 $39,930
Retained earnings 77,360
Total paid-in capital and retained earnings 117,290
Less: Treasury stock (750 common shares) (500)
Total stockholders’ equity 116,790
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $155,466
Income Statement
Year Ended October 31, 2017
Sales revenue $462,500
Cost of goods sold 231,250
Gross profit 231,250
Operating expenses
Salaries and wages expense $92,500
Depreciation expense 3,900
Other operating expenses 35,987 $132,387
Income from operations 98,863
Other expenses Interest expense 413
Income before income tax 98,450
Income tax expense 19,690
Net income $ 78,760
Dividends for preferred stock 1,250
Dividends for common stock 150
Retained earnings $ 77,360
Common purposes for project communications include status reporting and efforts to obtain approval of project outputs.
a) true
b) false
"Which stage of the product life cycle has (1) establishing a strong, defensible market position, and (2) achieving financial objectives that repay investment as its main priorities?"
Answer:
The growth stage
Explanation: The growth stage is the stage in the product life cycle that signifies when the product continues to achieve its full potential, more sales, more revenue and profits are earned by the organisation. During this stage Organisations achieve their financial objectives that helps to repay investors and gives investors confidence and good value for their money, during this stage of the product life cycle a strong market position and competitive advantage is achieved by the product.
On February 1, 2018, Bell Co. decides to invest excess cash of $16,800 by purchasing a Grant, Inc. bond at face value. Art year-end, December 31, 2018, the fair value of the Grant bond was $19,600. The investment is categorized as a trading debt investment. Required: a. Journalize the transactions for Bell's investment in Grant, Inc. for 2018. b. In what category and at what value would Bell report the asset on the December 31, 2018, balance sheet? In what account would the market price change in Grant's bond be reported, if at all? c. What was the net effect of the investment on Bell's net income for the year ended December 31, 2018?
Answer:
Explained below
Explanation:
1. Journal Entry
DEBIT CREDIT
Debt Investment $16,800
Cash $16,800
2.
It will be categorized as available for sale trading debt investment
Face value = $16,800
Market value = $19,600
Unrealized gain(19,600-16,800) = $2,800
Debit investment are reported at market value in the balance sheet
The Unrealized gain will be shown in other comprehensive income and as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the equity section of the balance sheet.
3.
The net effect of the investment on Bell's on net income is $2800 and unrealized holding gain in other comprehensive income
Ford Motor Company has a 1.40 beta. If the overall stock market increases by 8 percent, how much will Ford change?
Answer:
11.2
Explanation:
Your formula would be I = Overall market increased * Beta
"I" being Fords increase
so just plug in and solve
So your volatility would be 11.2
Under a municipal revenue bond rate covenant, rates must be set to cover all :_________
Answer:
D. optional sinking fund deposits
Explanation:
The revenue bond rate convenants needed that the rate should be set for the level that could be enough for covering a facility operation and maintenance also the debt service cost is considered
But there is no requirement to cover the option sinking fund or the deposit with respect to the reserve fund
Therefore according to the given case, the option D should be chosen
"A customer places an order to sell 100 shares of ABC at the market. The initial execution report shows the trade occurring at $75.50. The firm later discovers that the trade occurred at $75.13. Which statement is TRUE?"
Answer: The customer will receive $7,513 less any applicable commissions
Explanation;
This points to an error in confirmation not an error in execution. As such, the firm will not be held liable for the error and will simply have to send the correct confirmation. The customer will therefore get the correct trade price of $75.13 which will result in them receiving $7,53 less any applicable commissions.
Had it been an error of execution in that the firm made a mistake and sold at a price they were not to, they would incur the cost.
When nations increase production in their area of _________________ and trade with each other, both sides can benefit.
Answer:
comparative advantage
Explanation:
Comparative advantage in finance is crucial for production because it helps nation to manufacture their goods with low opportunity cost compare to their co- partner in that production line.
Production which is an essential aspect in economics is a process of turning raw materials into finished goods are very crucial in each nation of the world and for economic process to be completed.
It should be noted that When nations increase production in their area of comparative advantage and trade with each other, both sides can benefit from it.
What are some of the ethical concerns that come to mind for companies seeking to sell to the bottom of the pyramid?
Review companies like Nike and Nestle and identify and address the ethical concerns these companies have raised.
Explanation:
There are certain ethical concerns for some companies seeking to sell products to the bottom of the pyramid. This is associated with problems like appropriate Products where the concerns are related to the creating of the products which are created in the same way. Companies like Nestle and Nike had faced issues and also ethical scrutiny for their charges of such exploitation in the developing countries.
There are other ethical concerns which are related to advertising and misrepresentation of their products and their services.
These companies understands the characteristics of the advertising and potential dangers that are related to their product.
Determine the depreciation base of Marigold’s new machine. Marigold uses straight-line depreciation.
Answer:
$35,464
Explanation:
Calculation for the depreciation base of Marigold's new machine
Purchased machine $29,120
Add:Title fees $200
County property tax $130
Shipping charges for delivery $520
Local contractor $5,494
Depreciation base $35,464
Therefore the Depreciation base of Marigold's new machine
will be $35,464
Which performance measure evaluates the amount by which profits exceed or fall short of the cost of capital in any one period
Answer: EVA
Explanation:
The performance measure evaluates the amount by which profits exceed or fall short of the cost of capital in any one period is EVA.
EVA helps in assesesing an organization's performance with the basis that profitability of a business is judged on its ability to create wealth for its shareholders.
Which of the following is NOT an individual characteristic influencing consumer behavior? A) culture. B) attitudes. C) task definition. D) social class. E) motivation.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The individual characteristic which doesn't influence the behavior of a consumer is the task definition which is considered to be part of a consumer's ability.
Option C is the correct answer.
What is consumer behavior?Consumer behavior is a method of studying the activities of individuals, firms, or other groups. The activities can be related to the purchase or disposal of any product or service.
All the provided characteristics of an individual influence the consumer behavior but a task is not a characteristic rather it's an assignment of any work or job which is allowed to be done by the consumer. The task can be of anything whether to buy or to consume the goods or services by a consumer.
Therefore, the task definition is the ability of an individual and not its characteristic.
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Brokers prepare a broker file that has all of the documents that may have a material effect upon the rights or obligations of a party to the transaction. The retention period is:
Answer:
One year from the date of the listing if the transaction is not consummated.
Explanation:
Retention period is the number of years as enforced by the law that a certain records must be kept compulsorily before it is eligible for destruction. The retention period shall be 1 one year from the date of the from the date of listing or closing of the transaction if the transaction is not consummated. Retention period is generally in many cases is 1 year and not more than that.
Which of the following are considered in determining a fair and reasonable price in a municipal agency transaction?
A. Availability of the security
B. Expenses associated with affecting the transaction
C. Value of services rendered by the municipal broker
D. Value of any other compensation received in connection with this transaction
Answer: All of the above
Explanation:
To determine a fair and reasonable price in a municipal agency transaction, the things to be considered are:
• Availability of the security
• Expenses associated with affecting the transaction
• Value of services rendered by the municipal broker
• Value of any other compensation received in connection with this transaction.
These are the four main factors that'll have to be considered before a fair price is determined.
Therefore, all the options are correct.
"a business that is part of the health care industry should expect regulations to come into play that"
Answer:
The health care industry is heavily regulated by federal and state legislation. Regulation plays a major role in the health care industry and health care insurance coverage. The various regulatory bodies protect the public from a number of health risks and provide numerous programs for public health and welfare.
net income is 180 depreciation is 50 change in asset and liability accounts is 20 what i the cash provided
Answer:
Cash provided by operations is $250
Explanation:
If a company has net income of 180, depreciation of 50, change in asset and liability accounts of $20, then cash provided by the operation is?
Cash flows from operating activities
Net Income $180
Adjustments to reconcile net loss
to net cash flow from operating activities
Add: Depreciation $50
Add: Change in net current assets $20 $70
Cash provided by operations $250
The PPF between goods X and Y will be a downward-sloping:________.a. straight line if constant opportunity costs exist.b. straight line if decreasing opportunity costs exist.c. curve that is bowed outward if decreasing opportunity costs exist.d. curve that is bowed outward if constant opportunity costs exist.
Answer:
A
The Production possibilities frontiers is a curve that shows the various combination of two goods a company can produce when all its resources are fully utilised. The PPF is bowed outward if increasing opportunity costs exist.
As more quantities of good X is produced, there would be fewer resources available to produce good Y. As a result, less of good Y would be produced. So, the opportunity cost of producing a good increase as more and more of that good is produced.
On November 7, Mura Company borrows $360,000 cash by signing a 90-day 9% 5360.000 note payable 1 Compute the accrued interest payable on December 31 2. & 3. Prepare the journal entry to record the accrued interest expense at December 31 and payment of the note at maturity on February 5. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below Reg 1 Reg 2 and 3 Compute the accrued interest payable on December 31. 100 days a year. Do not round your intermediate codations Principal X Rate (%) X Time = interest Total through matunty %Year and interest acces %Interest recognized February 5 %
Answer:
November 7, 202x, cash loan obtained at 9%
Dr Cash 360,000
Cr Notes payable 360,000
December 31, 202x, accrued interest
Dr Interest expense 4,770
Cr Interest payable 4,770
I's using a 360 day year for calculating interest payable. When you use a 360 day year, all months have only 30 days (including December). Interest expense = $360,000 x 9% x 53/360 days = $4,770
February 5, 202y, cash loan repaid
Dr Notes payable 360,000
Dr Interest expense 3,330
Dr Interest payable 4,770
Cr Cash 368,100
Interest expense = $360,000 x 9% x 37/360 days = $3,330
Fama and French (1992) found that the stocks of firms within the highest decile of book-to-market ratios had an average annual return of _______, while the stocks of firms within the lowest decile of book-to-market ratios had an average annual return of ________. Group of answer choices 13.2%; 16.4% 11.1%; 17.2% 15.6%; 13.1% 17.2%; 11.1%
Answer:
1. 17.2%
2. 11.1%
Explanation:
From Fama and French (1992) research study, titled "The Cross‐Section of Expected Stock Returns," it was concluded that the stocks of firms within the highest decile of book-to-market ratios had an average annual return of 17.2%, while the stocks of firms within the lowest decile of book-to-market ratios had an average annual return of 11.1%
Hence, the correct answer is 17.2% and 11.1% respectively.
Classify each characteristic as relating to a fixed exchange rate regime or a flexible, or floating, exchange rate regime.a. signals a commitment not to engage in inflationary policiesb. provides certainty about the value of a currencyc. distorts incentives for importing and exporting goods and servicesd. enables policy makers to engage in monetary policy1. Fixed exchange rate regime 2. Flexible (floating) exchange rate regime
Answer:
(A) Fixed exchange rate regime
(B) Fixed exchange rate
(C) Flexible exchange rate
(D) Flexible exchange rate
Explanation:
(A) A fixed exchange rate regime signals a commitment not to engage in inflationary policies. NOTE: Inflationary policies are a type of monetary policies (the type used to pump money into the economy). See answer (D).
(B) A fixed exchange rate regime provides certainty about the value of a currency, for example, when the exchange rate between Philippine Pesos and Arab Emirate Dollars is fixed at 10PHP - 1AED, traders in this currency will be certain that at any planning time in business, investment or consumption, 10 PHP will be equal to 1 AED.
(C) Flexible exchange rate distorts incentives for importing and exporting goods and services. What are these incentives? On the government side, it is either the revenue that government makes from import tariffs and duties OR the subsidy that government pays on exported goods. On the importer/exporter side, it is the custom duties paid by importers on imported goods AND the subsidies enjoyed by exporters on exported products. A flexible exchange rate distorts or fluctuates these incentives.
(D) Flexible exchange rate enables policy makers to engage in monetary policy. Now, monetary policy is a tool used by ministers of finance or policy makers in every country; to regulate (increase or reduce or bring back to normal) spending and investment. If the exchange rate between or among countries were fixed, monetary policies would have limited application or usefulness when implemented. A flexible exchange rate encourages and enables engagement in or use of monetary policies.