As a reaction proceeds toward equilibrium from reactants to products, the value of Q is Increasing
Equilibrium can exist in chemical processes (the products and reactants are produced at the same rate). In a reversible chemical reaction, chemical equilibrium is the state in which there is no net change in the quantity of reactants or products. When a chemical reaction is reversible, the products react with the original reactants as soon as they are created.
There is no net change in the quantity of the chemicals involved when the two opposing reactions are in equilibrium because they are occurring at identical rates, or velocities. At this point, the reaction may be deemed to be finished, meaning that the maximum amount of reactants to products has been converted under the given reaction conditions.
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What is the sign of δg for the folding process? what about for the unfolding (denaturation) process? how do you know?
It is a thermodynamically spontaneous process that means Protein folding occurs. The value of ΔG must be negative in the case of folding but in the case of unfolding, the value of ΔG must be positive.
When the process is thermodynamically spontaneous process results in Protein folding otherwise the process is unfolding.
The value for ΔG must be negative in the case of the folding process and the value for ΔG must be positive in the case of the unfolding process. The value of a thermodynamic parameter for the reverse reaction has an opposite sign but the same value that's why the value for ΔG must be positive and known as unfolding (denaturation) process.
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Match the instrument described below with the decimal place of the
value to which this instrument must be recorded.
our meter stick
our quadruple beam scale
a 100 mL cylinder
a 1 L cylinder
The decimal place value of these instrument must be recorded as (i) our meter scale = 1 (ii) our quadruple beam scale = 0.001 (iii) a 100 mL cylinder = 1 (iv) a 1 L cylinder = 0.001.
What is Meter Stick ?Meter stick which is used to measure the length especially used in the construction industry. The meter stick is 1 meter long. The metric unit for length is meter.
What is Quadruple beam scale ?This is the instrument which is used to measure the mass very precisely. In quadruple beam scale the reading error is 0.001.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that The decimal place value of these instrument must be recorded as (i) our meter scale = 1 (ii) our quadruple beam scale = 0.001 (iii) a 100 mL cylinder = 1 (iv) a 1 L cylinder = 0.001.
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Disclaimer: The question was given incomplete on the portal. Here is the complete question.
Question: Match the instrument described below with the decimal place of the value to which this instrument must be recorded. ( 1 , 0.01 , 0.001 , 0.1 , 10 choose)
our meter stick =
our quadruple beam scale =
a 100 ml cylinder=
a 1 L cylinder=
The table shows the concentration of a reactant in the reaction mixture over a period of time.
Reactant Concentration
Time Concentration
Os 1.8 M
210 s 1.2 M
450 S 0.8 M
580 S 0.6 M
720 s 0.4 M
What is the average rate of the reaction over the first 450 seconds? (3 points)
Ob
Oc
Od
1.7 x 10-3
1.9 x 10-3
2.0 x 10-3
2.2 x 10-3
The average rate of the reaction over the first 450 seconds -2.2×10⁻³ M/s
What is speed?Speed is defined as the rate of change of the distance moved with time. Mathematically, it can be expressed as:
Speed = distance / time
With the above idea, we can obtain the rate of the reaction as illustrated below:
How to determine the rate of the reaction over the first 45osChange in concentration = 0.8 - 1.8 = -1 MTime = 450 sSpeed = ?Rate = Change in concentration / time
Rate = -1 / 450
Rate = -2.2×10⁻³ M/s
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D is correct for number 2. i just finished
explanation; i got it right
Describe how Alpha particles, Beta particles, and Gamma rays can be separated from one other?
Need answer ASAP, PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!
All three types of charge can be separated by the use of electrostatic field.
What are alpha particles?There are three kinds of rays that are basically discussed when we talk about radioactivity and they are alpha, beta and gamma rays.
Now we know that an alpha ray is positively charged, a beta ray is negatively charged while a gamma ray is not charged. This means that all three types of charge can be separated by the use of electrostatic field.
The gamma rays passes through the field without deflation , the alpha ray is deflated towards the negative part of the field, the beta rays is deflated towards the positive part of the filed.
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Explain why all the elements of period 3 is placed on the periodic table in period 3
Answer:
3 Electron shell/orbit
Explanation:
the number of shell an element has is what determines the period of that element.
How many Chlorine molecules are in 6.5 moles of chlorine?
Answer:
6.5 x ( 6.02x 10^23)= 3.913 x10^24
Explanation:
6.5 x ( 6.02x 10^23)= 3.913 x10^24
What type of molecule is shown below?
S
H-C=C-CH2-CH3
O A. An alkene-alkyne
OB. An alkane-alkyne
OC. An alkyne
O D. An alkane
H - C ≡ C - CH₂ - CH₃ this is an alkyne molecule.
Hence, Option C is correct answer.
What is Alkane ?The saturated hydrocarbon which have only single bonds between the carbon atoms is called Alkanes.
What is Alkene ?The unsaturated hydrocarbon which have at least one carbon carbon double bond is called Alkene.
What is Alkynes ?The unsaturated hydrocarbon which have one or more than one carbon carbon triple bonds is called Alkynes.
H - C ≡ C - CH₂ - CH₃ in this molecule one triple bond is present so it is alkyne.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that H - C ≡ C - CH₂ - CH₃ this is an alkyne molecule.
Hence, Option C is correct answer.
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To make a solution of lemonade, lemon juice and sugar are dissolved in water. the water is the ______ in this example.
To make a solution of lemonade, lemon juice and sugar are dissolved in water. the water is the Solvent in this example.
Solvent Examples. Common examples of solvents consist of water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. The term 'solvent' may be defined as a substance that has the ability to dissolve a given solute to form a solution with it.
Solvents are substances that are used to dissolve the solutes used in the formulation. These solutes can be solids, liquids, or gaseous in nature. Thus solvents are used to get a solution upon interacting the solute with a suitable solvent.
Solvents are usually, however not usually, liquids. They can also be gases or solids. The material dissolved in the solvent is referred to as the solute. collectively, the solvent and solute comprise the solution.
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QUICK PLEASE
9. What is the final concentration when 420 mL of a 12.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is diluted to 2.0 L?
Show your work and explain each step.
Answer: 2.52 M
Explanation:
The product of molarity (moles/litre) and volume in litres yields moles, and the numbers of moles in two solutions means dilute and concentrated are equal, which is expressed by the following equation:
[tex]M_1V_1=M_2V_2[/tex]
[tex]$$Given that\\M $1=12.0 \mathrm{M}$ or mole $/ \mathrm{L}$\\$\mathrm{V} 1=420 \mathrm{ml}$\\$\mathrm{M} 2=$ ?\\$\mathrm{V} 2=2.0 \mathrm{~L}$ or $2000 \mathrm{ml}$\\\\$\mathrm{M} 1 \mathrm{~V} 1=\mathrm{M} 2 \mathrm{~V} 2$\\$\mathrm{M} 2=\mathrm{M} 1 \mathrm{~V} 1 / \mathrm{V} 2$\\$=12.0 * 420 / 2000$\\$=2.52 \ \mathrm{M}$[/tex]
A compound has a percent composition of 81.71% C and 18.29% H. What is the empirical formula of this compound?
Considering the definition of empirical formula, the empirical formula is C₃H₈.
Definition of empirical formulaThe empirical formula is the simplest expression to represent a chemical compound, which indicates the elements that are present and the minimum proportion in whole numbers that exist between its atoms, that is, the subscripts of chemical formulas are reduced to the most integers. small as possible.
Empirical formula in this caseIn this case, in first place you know the percent composition:
C: 81.71 %H: 18.29%Assuming a 100 grams sample, the percentages match the grams in the sample. So you have 81.71 grams of carbon and 18.29 grams of hydrogen H.
Then it is possible to calculate the number of moles of each atom in the molecule, taking into account the corresponding molar mass:
C: [tex]\frac{81.71 grams}{12\frac{grams}{mole} }[/tex]= 6.81 molesH:[tex]\frac{18.29 grams}{1\frac{grams}{mole} }[/tex]= 18.29 molesThe empirical formula must be expressed using whole number relationships, for this the numbers of moles are divided by the smallest result of those obtained. In this case:
C: [tex]\frac{6.81 moles}{6.81 moles}[/tex]= 1H:[tex]\frac{18.29 moles}{6.81 moles}[/tex]= 2.68 ≅ [tex]\frac{8}{3}[/tex]To express this relationship in the form of simple integers, it is necessary to multiply by a simple number to achieve this:
C: 1×3 =3 H:≅ [tex]\frac{8}{3}[/tex]×3= 8Therefore the C: H mole ratio is 3: 8
Finally, the empirical formula is C₃H₈.
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A lighter like the one shown below uses a substance called butane as its fuel. The butane can be burned to create a flame at the tip of the lighter.
a butane lighter
A teacher shows some of her students that the fuel inside the lighter's fuel tank is a liquid. But when she pushes the button that lets the fuel out of the lighter, they observe that it comes out as a gas. She and her students decide to investigate to discover what makes the butane change from a liquid to a gas.
Which step of an investigation would best help them determine what causes the change of state?
A.
calculating the volume of the lighter's fuel tank
B.
comparing lighters that use different kinds of fuel
C.
measuring the pressure inside the lighter's fuel tank
D.
heating butane gas to see if it changes state
Part of the investigation must be measuring the pressure inside the lighter fuel tank.
What is the pressure of a gas?The pressure of gas measures how compact the gas molecules are. We know that the more compacted the gas molecules are, the more likely the gas will exist in the liquid state.
Hence, part of the investigation must be measuring the pressure inside the lighter fuel tank.
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Tim would like to know the mass of two boxes. Instead of Tim looking at the boxes to determine their mass, what should Tim use to accurately
determine the mass of each box
Answer:
The triple beam balance
IF 500 ml 0.1 mol Hcl reacts with 500 ml 0.01 mol NaoH... calculate the no. of moles of nacl formed
Answer:
0.01 moles NaCl
Explanation:
It seems that the given volumes are unnecessary information.
To find the moles NaCl, you need to convert moles HCl and NaOH to moles NaCl via the balanced chemical equation. Specifically, you need to use the mole-to-mole ratio made up of the reaction coefficients. The reason why you need to convert both reactants is because you have not been given a limiting reagent. The smallest amount of moles NaCl calculated will be the final answer.
The balanced reaction:
HCl + NaOH -----> NaCl + H₂O
0.1 moles HCl 1 mole NaCl
---------------------- x ---------------------- = 0.1 moles NaCl
1 mole HCl
0.01 moles NaOH 1 mole NaCl
----------------------------- x ----------------------- = 0.01 moles NaCl
1 mole NaOH
NaOH produces the smallest amount of product. This means it is completely used up before HCl runs out. Therefore, NaOH is the limiting reagent and 0.01 moles NaCl are actually produced.
Which of the following statements about the normal operation of nuclear fission reactors is accurate?
Select one:
a. They release large amounts of chemical pollutants into the air.
b. A small amount of fuel produces a large amount of energy.
c. The nuclear waste is quickly and safely disposed of at the reactor site.
d. The hot water surrounding the reactor core can be used to provide hot water for communities in the area.
Answer:
Explanation:
b
Aqueous hydrobromic acid reacts with solid sodium hydroxide to produce aqueous sodium bromide and liquid water . What is the theoretical yield of water formed from the reaction of of hydrobromic acid and of sodium hydroxide
Mass of water produced is equal to 7.2 grams.
The reactants are reacting according to the following equation:
HBr + NaOH = NaBr + H2O
1 mole of HBr requires 1 mole of NaOH to be totally transformed into NaBr and water.
Now, let us calculate the amounts of HBr and NaOH in mols:
m(HBr) = 67.2g
m(NaOH) = 16g
M(HBr) = 80.9g/mol
M(NaOH) = 40g/mol
Following the simple relation
n(moles) = m(grams)/M(g/mol)
n(HBr) = 67.2g/(80.9g/mol)
n(NaOH) = 16g/(40g/mol)
n(H2O) = n(NaOH) = 0.40 mol, which is:
m(H2O) = n(H2O) x M(H2O)
0.40mol∗18g/mol=7.2g
Finally, the mass of water produced is equal to 7.2 grams.
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Noble gases are the least reactive elements on the periodic table
True or false
True. Noble gases are the least reactive elements on the periodic table
What are noble gases?They are a group of elements with completely filled orbitals. In other words, they have zero valence electrons.
Without having valence electrons, it becomes difficult for this group of elements to form bonds with other elements either by electron donation or sharing.
However, they can be made to form bonds with other elements under special conditions.
Thus, they are the least reactive of all the elements in the periodic table.
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Answer:
TRUE!"Why?"
The Noble Gases have eight valence electrons, which fill their outer energy level. This is the most stable arrangement of electrons, so noble gases rarely react with other elements and form compounds.
Hope this helps!
Phosphate buffer solution is purchased as a(n) 10x stock solution. The solution is more concentrated than the working stock. If tasked with making 941 mL of a 1x solution of PBS, how many mL of the stock solution would be needed
94.1 mL of 10x PBS should be needed
Given:
Phosphate buffer solution = 10x
Volume of 1x solution of PBS = 941 mL
To Find:
Volume of stock solution
Solution:
A buffer solution is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or vice versa. Its pH changes very little when a small amount of strong acid or base is added to it.
using the formula
M1 x V1 = M2 x V2
(10x)* V1 = 1x* 941
V1 = 94.1 ml
So, 94.1 mL of 10x PBS should be needed
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Which way does heat flow?
Which fundamental mechanisms appear in the reaction between pyridinium chlorochromate and a secondary alcohol
The idea is to foretell the formation of a carbonyl compound by the reaction between alcohol and too much pyridinium chlorochromate. An oxidizing agent called pyridinium chlorochromate converts the alcohol group into the 1carbonyl group.
The carbonyl molecule that results from the reaction will depend on the reactant's OH group. Pyridinium chlorochromate [PCC] converts primary OH to aldehydes, whereas it converts secondary OH to ketones, and oxidation of tertiary OH has little effect. Alcohols and pyridinium chlorochromate [PCC] react to create a carbonyl molecule.
From primary alcohols to aldehydes and from secondary alcohols to ketones, pyridinium chlorochromate oxidizes alcohols one step up the oxidation ladder. pyridinium chlorochromate will not oxidize aldehydes to carboxylic acids, in contrast to chromic acid. Comparable to Pyridine (the Collins reagent) and CrO3 will both oxidize primary alcohols to aldehydes. Here are two instances of pyridinium chlorochromate being used.
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What component(s) of msa make(s) this media selective? choose all correct answers: a. phenol red b. agar c. mannitol d. sodium chloride
The component(s) of msa make(s) this media selective for sodium chloride.
MSA is a medium which has both differential as well as selective properties. The distinguishing feature is the high salt content (7.5%). On just this high salt concentration, Staphylococcus species, which frequently inhabit human skin, can develop.
Streptococcus species, however, have their growth inhibited by the high salt content of the agar. Mannitol, a sugar, would be the MSA's unique component.
Resulting in high salt concentration, the sodium chloride in MSA ensures that only Staphylococci species survive. All more gram-positive bacteria are thereafter destroyed.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d).
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When testing the temperature of catalase, what would happen if you changed the temperature using the same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture?.
If we change the temperature using same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture, the hydrogen peroxide will break into oxygen and water molecule.
What is catalase?It is an enzyme which catalyses the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.
Its function is to protect the oxidative damage by ROS
ROS is reactive Oxygen Species.
What is an enzyme?Enzymes are made of proteins which catalyses the biological reaction.
Effect of temperature on catalase:Increase of temperature results in the loosening of hydrogen bond and helps the catalase to decompose hydrogen peroxide.
The change in temperature using same tube with the same catalase and hydrogen oxide mixture, the hydrogen peroxide will break into oxygen and water molecule.
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Lorelai discovers a compound that is 64.8 g C, 13.62 g H, and 21.58 g O. What is the empirical formula of Lorelai's compound
The empirical formula of Lorelai's compound is C₄H₁₀O
Data obtained from the questionC = 64.8 gH = 13.62 gO = 21.58 gEmpirical formula =? How to determine the empirical formulaDivide by their molar mass
C = 64.8 / 12 = 5.4
H = 13.62 / 1 = 13.62
O = 21.58 / 16 = 1.35
Divide by the smallest
C = 5.4 / 1.35 = 4
H = 13.62 / 1.35 = 10
O = 1.35 / 1.35 = 1
Thus, the empirical formula of the compound is C₄H₁₀O
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A cabbage p h indicator color key. entries are 0 to 2, bright red; 3 to 4, pink; 5 to 6, purple; 7, dark violet; 8 to 9, blue; 10 to 11, bright green; 12 to 13, lighter green. why would you use a solution, such as a cabbage ph indicator, to measure the ph of household items? to see if food went bad to test the safety of water to make sure conditions are safe to use up old cabbage
We use a solution, such as a cabbage ph indicator, to measure the ph of household items :
to see if food went badto test the safety of waterto make sure conditions are safeCabbage ph indicator:Anthocyanin, a water-soluble pigment found in red cabbage, can change color when combined with an acid or a basic. The color changes to red in situations with a pH under 7, and to bluish-green in alkaline (basic) environments with a pH above 7. Cabbage isn't known to cause acid reflux, but plenty of other common foods are.
Anthocyanin turns pink when it interacts with the hydronium ions in an acid, and blue or green when it interacts with the hydroxide ions in a base. Because it may inform us if a substance is acidic or basic by changing color, cabbage juice is referred to as a pH indicator.
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A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M., how many grams will be present at 2:00 P. M. on the same day
A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
What is half Life ?Half life is the amount of time required to reduce to one half of its initial value. The symbol of half life is [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex].
How to calculate the quantity remaining when half life given ?It is expressed as:
[tex]N_{t} = N_{0} (\frac{1}{2})^{n}[/tex]
where,
N(t) = quantity remaining
N₀ = initial quantity
n = half life that have passed
Now put the values in above expression we get
[tex]N_{t} = 1.0\ g \times (\frac{1}{2})^{1}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{1}{2} g[/tex]
= 0.5 gram
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that A certain radioactive isotope has a half life of one hour. I you start with 1.0 g of the material at 1:00 P. M. 0.5 grams will be present at 2:00 P.M. on the same day.
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what are the differences between the double displacement reaction and the displacement reaction ? explain with a chemical equations
In a displacement reaction, a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element from a compound. In a double displacement reaction, two atoms or a group of atoms switch places to form new compounds.
Explaination:
Displacement chemical reaction :
A displacement reaction is the one wherein the atom or a set of atoms is displaced by another atom in a molecule. For instance, when iron is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal.
Fe + CuSO4 → FeSO4 + Cu. When zinc is added to a copper sulphate solution, it displaces the copper metal. ...
Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Cu.
etc.
Double Displacement Chemical Reaction :
Double displacement reactions take place mostly in aqueous solutions wherein the ions precipitate and exchange of ions takes place. For example, when a solution of barium chloride is mixed with sodium sulphate, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed rapidly. These reactions are ionic in nature.
Here are some examples of double displacement reaction: AgNO 3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO.
2NaCl + CaSO4 → Na2SO4+ CaCl.
H2SO4 + 2LiOH ⇌ Li2SO4 + 2H2O.
Which color change represents a positive reaction for the presence of sugar using the Benedict's test
Answer:
my best answer is blue
Explanation:
Which statements describe some of the original ideas proposed about the universe during the big bang? Check all that apply.
The statements which describe some of the original ideas proposed about the universe during the big bang include:
The universe was opaque. The universe was very dense and hot. The universe expanded from a single point. What is Big bang theory?This theory describes how the universe expanded from a single point to form the earth we are living in.
it states that the very dense and hot environment led to it thereby making it the most appropriate choice.
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Sometimes it is hard to find evidence at the scene of a suspicious fire because the act of putting out a fire is destructive.
True, sometimes it is hard to find evidence at the scene of a suspicious fire because the act of putting out a fire is destructive.
Firefighters must handle the area as a medical emergency incident in addition to a fire scene. The victim should be treated as evidence and kept in tact.Why is it difficult to find evidence of arson?
All unintentional causes of a fire-related incident must be eliminated before it can be deemed arson; this requires strong evidence that the fire was started intentionally. Arson is challenging to establish and later prosecute for this reason.Why is fire investigation difficult?
For three key reasons, arson investigations are challenging: The arsonist can prepare the fire in advance and bring all the necessary equipment with them. There is no requirement that the arsonist be present while the act is committed. Evidence linking the arsonist to the crime is destroyed by the fire itself.Learn more about fire investigation
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What is the total number of pairs of electrons that one carbon atom shares?
Answer:
4
Explanation:
A carbon atom has 4 electrons in its outermost shell (2s^2p^2). All are unpaired (none share their orbital with another electron). So all four are anxious to pair with another electron. Once it has found 4 more electrons contributed from other atom(s), it will have 4 pairs of shared electrons.
Hydrogen has one lone electron. An atom of H is downright gleeful in sharing it's electron with elements such as carbon, C. Since carbon has 4 unpaied electrons, it will combine with 4 H atoms. At that point, cabon is sharing 4 electron pairs.
A ground test utilizing an auxiliary current electrode and an auxiliary potential electrode is known as the______.
Answer:
The three-point test
Explanation:
The three-point test refers to a ground test utilizing an auxiliary current electrode and an auxiliary potential electrode.