When a person's normal carbohydrate intake decreases, consequently does the water weight connected with glycogen storage of a person. A high-protein diet reduces metabolic rate, causing the body to shed more water through sweat.
In the absence of appropriate carbohydrate intake, the liver produces glucose from amino acids extracted from the bodies natural tissue proteins; protein tissue includes a lot of water, and disassembling that protein leads in water loss in the urine.
When paired with exercise, a high protein diet is good grow lean muscle. Lean muscle tends to burn calories during the day, that can aid in weight loss.
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a client describes chest pain as sharp, substernal, of intermittent duration, and radiating to the arms and back. the client says the pain increases with inspiration and swallowing and is alleviated when sitting upright. what does the nurse suspect the client may be experiencing?
The nurse may be suspecting that the client may be experiencing pericarditis.
The pericardium, a slender, two-layered sac that surrounds your heart, becomes inflamed when you have pericarditis. Your heart is kept in place inside the chest wall by the pericardium.
Small amounts of fluid are positioned between the layers to minimize friction when the heart beats. Chest pain might be caused by the layers escalating in inflammation.
Most cases of pericarditis have an unknown etiology, however viral infections account for 80 to 90% of cases. It usually only lasts a few weeks Reliable Source.
Pericarditis typically goes away on its own. However, there are several treatments that can shorten the severity of the ailment and stop recurrences.
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what is the priority action for the nurse to take if the patient with type 2 diabetes reports blurred vision and irritability
Diabetes management is built on a healthy diet and regular exercise. Dietary changes can help you control your weight, blood pressure, and your body's capacity to create and respond to insulin.
Why is type 2 diabetes management so crucial?It is a serious condition that may last a lifetime. If type 2 diabetes is left untreated, excessive blood sugar levels can gravely harm several body organs, such as your feet, heart, and eyes. These are referred to as diabetes complications.
In what ways is type 2 diabetes managed or treated?Although there is no cure for type 2 diabetes, you can manage the condition by losing weight, eating healthfully, and exercising.
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there is little consensus on the management of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (pmdd). however, nurses can advise women on several self-help modalities that often improve symptoms. the nurse knows that health teaching has been effective when the client reports that she has adopted a number of lifestyle changes, including (select all that apply):
There is little consensus on the control of premenstrual dysphoric disease (PMDD). however, nurses can recommend girls on several self-help modalities that regularly improve signs and symptoms. the nurse knows ordinary exercise., improved nutrition., Smoking cessation.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a totally extreme shape of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). It reasons a number of emotional and bodily symptoms each month in the course of the week or earlier than your length. it's miles now and again known as 'intense PMS'
Premenstrual dysphoric ailment (PMDD) is intense, the time-to-time disabling extension of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). even though PMS and PMDD each have physical and emotional signs.
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a patient has had a traumatic amputation of the left leg above the knee following an industrial accident. what type of disability does this patient have?
The type of disability experienced by a traumatic amputee after an industrial accident is an acquired disability.
There are two types of disabilities commonly found in everyday life:
Acquired disability has developed during a person's lifetime, ie as a result of an accident or disease, not one that was present at birth. Congenital disability or birth defects are health problems that have been present since birth, regardless of the cause. It can be a physical, intellectual, or developmental disability, and its degree can range from mild to severeThe emergence of disability can be motivated by health problems that arise from birth, chronic and acute diseases, and injuries that can be caused by accidents, wars, disasters, and so on.
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ovulation typically occurs group of answer choices in the first 1-3 days of a woman's menstrual cycle. about halfway through a woman's menstrual cycle. in the final 1-3 days of a woman's menstrual cycle. only if a woman is pregnant.
Ovulation typically occurs about halfway through a woman's menstrual cycle.
What is Ovulation ?Your menstrual cycle includes ovulation. When your ovary releases an egg, it happens. It's possible that sperm fertilised the egg before it gets expelled. The egg could go to the uterus and implant if fertilised, leading to a pregnancy.
In a typical 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation usually takes place about 14 days before the beginning of the subsequent period. The length of each person's cycle, however, may differ, as may the interval between ovulation and the beginning of the following menstrual cycle.Learn more about Ovulation here:
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a 27-year-old client admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (dka) has a serum glucose level of 732 mg/dl and serum potassium level of 3.1 meq/l. which action prescribed by the health care provider should the nurse take first?
The health care provider should prescribe the nurse put the client who is admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis with a serum glucose level of 732 mg/dl and serum potassium level of 3.1 meq/l to place the client on a cardiac monitor.
In the question, it is stated that the client is dealing with diabetic ketoacidosis and has a serum glucose level of 732 mg/dl and a serum potassium level of 3.1 meq/l. While dealing with the client, the health care worker should prescribe the nurse to place the client on a cardiac monitor so that the cardiac activities can be monitored.
Infusion of potassium will be done and in order to do so there should be a continous cardiac monitoring. Also insulin infusion should not be done without cardiac monitoring as it lowers potassium level.
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nurses working in bed management are assigning clients from the emergency room to semiprivate rooms. clients with which two diagnoses are appropriate to room together, based on safety and infection control standards?
Clients with Reactive airway disease and exacerbation of COPD are two diagnoses which are appropriate to room together, based on safety and infection control standards.
"Reactive airway disease" is used when respiratory illness is suspected, however not however confirmed. Reactive airway malady in kids could be a general term that does not indicate a particular designation. it would be accustomed describe a history of coughing, wheezy or shortness of breath triggered by infection.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory respiratory organ malady that causes stopped up flow of air from the lungs. Symptoms embody respiration issue, cough, secretion (sputum) production and wheezy.
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the nurse is caring for an adolescent client who returned to the psychiatric unit from therapeutic pass with superficial cuts to the insides of both forearms. the nurse knows the client is engaging in which self-harm behavior?
A therapeutic relationship is a fundamental component of the nursing job and essential to achieving successful results for clients of mental health services.
Nursing staff, however, would certainly benefit from evidence-based support to health establish more wholesome interactions as these relationships may occasionally be challenging to develop a health and maintain.health being a crucial component of the nursing position and a major factor in the success of service users, the research basis for strategies to help nursing staff in creating and maintaining strong therapeutic relationships is weak. We consider why this could be and offer specific suggestions for building a better evidence base in the hopes that therapeutic study will act as a spark for a new research agenda into treatments that encourage positive outcomes.
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laboratory studies are performed for a child suspected to have iron deficiency anemia. the nurse reviews the laboratory results, knowing that which result indicates this type of anemia?
Red blood cells that are microlytic & hypochromic are a sign of this form of anemia. Smaller-than-average red blood cells are referred to as microcytosis.
What is the main cause of anemia?Lack of iron is the most frequent cause of anemia. Your body needs iron to make hemoglobin, so get some! Blood's red color is a result of the iron-rich protein hemoglobin. It transports oxygen from the lungs to a body's other tissues. The underlying diagnosis affects the course of treatment. For iron insufficiency, supplements with iron may be utilized. Low vitamin levels may be treated with vitamin B supplements. Blood loss may be treated with blood transfusions. If the body's blood production is decreased, medications to stimulate blood production may be employed.
What happens when a person has anemia and how serious is being anemic?Your body receives insufficient amounts of oxygen-rich blood if you have anemia. You may experience fatigue or weakness due to a shortage of oxygen. Additionally, you can get headaches, lightheadedness, or breathing difficulties.
Your chance of developing heart- or lung-related problems, such as tachycardia, an excessively quick heartbeat, or heart failure, in which your heart seems unable to pump flow blood through the body at the necessary pressure, may increase if you have severe iron deficiency anemia.
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Injury to deliveryman who got off a moving pick-up truck not on a publichighway because he thought the driver was stopping58.4xxA, Y99.0
A deliveryman's injury is Left ischium fractureS32.602A Secondly, third, fourth, five, and 6 ribs on the left are fracturedS22.42xA.
What does fracture mean?A break, typically in a bone, is called a fracture. An open or complicated fracture occurs when the shattered bone pierces the skin. Fractures frequently result from slips, trips, or sports injuries. In actuality, though, medical practitioners use these terminology interchangeably and interpret them similarly.
How long do broken bones hurt?Without surgery, your doctor treated a broken bone. The discomfort in the bone should start to subside practically immediately after the treatment. But following surgery, you might experience some pain for two to three weeks and minimal pain for up to six weeks.
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a client diagnosed with the common cold has been taking an over-the-counter antihistamine for the control of symptoms. what should the client be aware may occur if the drugs are used too frequently over too many days?
A client diagnosed with the common cold has been taking an over-the-counter antihistamine for the control of symptoms. Rebound symptoms.
Antihistamines are drug treatments often used to alleviate signs of allergic reactions, including hay fever, hives, conjunctivitis, and reactions to insect bites or stings. they're additionally now and again used to save you from motion sickness and as a quick-term remedy for insomnia.
The great antihistamine to take during the day to help with allergic pores and skin rashes is Christ hypersensitive reaction relief (levocetirizine) or some other antihistamine like loratadine, which could proSome
Antihistamines can purpose drowsiness. however, others are much less possibly to cause this facet impact. it is advocated to take first-era antihistamines, like Benadryl (diphenhydramine), at night time. This enables restriction side results whilst you are wide awake.
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a 35-year-old man has a vital capacity (vc) of 5 l, a tidal volume (vt) of 0.5 l, an inspiratory capacity of 3.5 l, and a functional residual capacity (frc) of 2.5 l. what is his expiratory reserve volume (erv)?
Vital capacity (VC) less inspiratory capacity (IC) is known as the exhalatory reserve volume (ERV). [Tidal volume (TV) & inspiratory reserve volume (Inspiratory reserve) are included in respiratory capacity]
Why does inspiratory capacity exist?After a typical expiration, the amount of air which can be breathed is known as the inspiratory capacity, or IC. Consequently, it is the total of the tidal volume and the inspiratory reserve volume. The residual volume and the expiratory reserve volume make up the functional residual capacity (FRC).
What role does inspiratory capacity play in the body?The amount of air that can enter your lungs following a typical exhalation is measured by your inhalatory capacity (IC). Typically, spirometry, a pulmonary function test, measures inspiratory capacity.
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a client who is scheduled for hernioplasty needs clarification regarding the procedure. the nurse calls the health care provider at the client's insistence. the health care provider, who is in a bad mood, is overheard telling the client that the nurse does not know anything. which legal tort has the health care provider committed?
A purchaser who is scheduled for hernioplasty needs an explanation regarding the system. the nurse calls the health care company on the consumer's insistence. the healthcare issuer, who's in an awful temper, is overheard telling the purchaser that the nurse does now not recognize anything slander.
The health practitioner is suing his associate for slander. She regarded his remark as slander on her excellent reputation.
Slɑndər a false spoken statement about a person that damages their recognition, or the making of the sort of statement. The health practitioner is suing his partner for slander. She seemed his remark as a slander on her precise popularity.
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the client states that the first day of her last menstrual period is march 23. the nurse is most correct to calculate using naegele rule that the estimated date of delivery is:
The woman claims that the first day of her last menstrual cycle was on March 23. Using the Naegale rule, the nurse is most correct in calculating that the expected date of delivery, or EDD, is December 30.
What is the Naegale rule?The Naegele rule is a straightforward mathematical approach for determining the expected date of delivery, or EDD. The calculation is based on the last menstrual period, or LMP. To the date of the LMP's first day, add seven days and then remove three months. Naegele's formula has a weakness because it can only be applied to women with a 28-day menstrual cycle. When menstrual cycles are shorter or longer than 28 days, the Naegele formula is less accurate in predicting the EDD.
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what negative outcome could this patient experience because of this situation? what steps in the medication administration process was missed? how could mike have used the skill of mindfulness to increase his awareness of distraction? how could a distraction-free zone policy and subsequent culture have allowed the circumstances presented in the case?
The medication administration process was missed mike have used the skill of mindfulness to increase his awareness of distraction Mike must have another nurse confirm the medication before administrating to his patient.
A medication administration route is regularly categorized by using the place at which the drug is administered, which includes oral or intravenous. the selection of routes in which the drugs is given depends no longer simplest on the benefit and compliance however additionally at the drug's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic profile.
Nurses' obligation for medication management includes making sure that the proper medicinal drug is well drawn up in the ideal dose, and administered on the proper time through the proper route to the right patient. To restrict or lessen the threat of administration errors, many hospitals hire a unmarried-dose device.
Safe and correct medication management is an essential and potentially difficult nursing responsibility. medication administration not handiest requires know-how medications, how they work, side effects, and full-size nursing considerations, it additionally entails suitable selection-making abilties and clinical judgment.
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a client diagnosed with ms has been admitted to the medical unit for treatment of an ms exacerbation. included in the admission orders is baclofen. what should the nurse identify as an expected outcome of this treatment?
A purchaser identified with ms has been admitted to the clinical unit for treatment of an ms exacerbation. protected within the admission orders is baclofen Lioresal..
Exacerbation: A worsening. In medication, exacerbation might also talk to an increase in the severity of sickness or its signs and symptoms and signs. for example, an exacerbation of allergies might occur as a critical effect of air pollution, leading to shortness of breath.
Treatment alternatives for exacerbations consist of bronchodilators, corticosteroids, antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and airflow. COPD is the call given to a collection of long-term lung sicknesses. The situation tends to get worse over time and symptoms can encompass: wheezing.
They may be brought on, especially by breathing viruses and microorganisms, which infect the decreased airway and increase airway irritation. a few sufferers are specifically prone to exacerbations and show worse fitness popularity and faster sickness development than those who have rare exacerbations.
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the nurse is collecting data on a 6-year-old child admitted with acute glomerulonephritis. which vital sign would the nurse anticipate with this child's diagnosis? prepu
Data on a 6-year-old patient who was admitted with acute glomerulonephritis are being gathered by the nurse. The nurse would expect a tea-colored urine vital sign given the child's diagnosis.
Grossly bloody urine is the primary sign of acute glomerulonephritis. The nurse may say that the urine is cola or tea colored. Hematuria may come on or be preceded by periorbital edema. Diarrhea is characterized by loose feces. One sign of Kawasaki disease in children is a tongue that is the color of strawberries. Hepatitis is associated with jaundiced skin. Glomerulonephritis is an infection of the tiny filters of the kidneys (gloe-MER-uh-nuh-FRY-tis). The body fluid known as urine is how glomeruli eliminate surplus fluid and waste from the bloodstream. Urine is the liquid waste product of metabolism in humans and many other animals. Through the urinary system, the ureters transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
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a client with respiratory complications of multiple sclerosis (ms) is admitted to the medical-surgical unit. which equipment is most important for the nurse to keep at the client's bedside?
The most crucial device for the nurse to have by the client's bedside is a suction machine with catheters.
Why would someone use a suction catheter?Warm blood is drawn out of the body with suction catheters, the aorta is constricted in the supraceliac region, and the arterial and portal circulations are flushed through the previously inserted cannulae, typically with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK).
When treating a patient, why would you utilize suction?When a patient can't move their respiratory tract secretions adequately on their own, suctioning is done. This can happen when the body produces too many secretions or when they are not cleared effectively, which causes secretions to build up in the lung tissues.
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1. in what ways is a computer-related career, such as programming or system administration, similar to a fully developed profession such as medicine? in what ways is a computer-related career unlike a fully developed profession?
The ability to cause significant harm and an initial professional education are both beneficial, but not always required for a career in computer science. Software engineers do not need to be licensed.
What is the job of a software engineer?To solve real-world problems, software engineers design and develop computer systems and applications. Software engineers, also known as software developers, create computer and application software.
What is the language used by software engineers?Simply put, if you want to work in software engineering, you should be familiar with C and C++. Java is a popular software programming language that is at the heart of many programs, applications, web-pages, and systems. It is not to be confused with the web-page development-focused JavaScript.
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a client with parkinson disease is experiencing episodes of constipation that are becoming increasingly frequent and severe. the client reports that he has been achieving relief for the past few weeks by using over-the-counter laxatives. how should the nurse respond?
We should look for alternative solutions because laxatives might have negative effects and lead to dependency.
What is the main cause of constipation?If the urge to go to the toilet is persistently ignored, the urge may finally go away. Diet lacking in water and fiber. Constipation could result from a diet that is too high in saturated fat and too deficient in fiber and water. Fiber absorbs water, resulting in bigger, smoother, and more easily passed feces.
Where do you feel constipation pain?Patients with constipation may feel abdominal tightness or a severe, cramping discomfort in the middle in their gut. Even though they haven't eaten in several hours, they could feel constantly as though they have just had a substantial meal. Additionally, patients may feel gassy, yet releasing gas does not make them feel better.
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Decribe one (1) difference between coding guideline for Wound Debridement (11042-11047) and coding guideline for Repair of Wound (12001-13160)
1) Do now now not document 11042 -11047 together with 97597-97602 for the equal wound.
2) CPT code 11043, 11046 and 11044, 11047 may moreover most effective be billed in region of carrier inpatient clinic, outpatient sanatorium or ambulatory surgical center (ASC)
3) CPT codes 11043, 11046 and 11044, 11047 are codes that describe deep debridement of the muscle and bone.
4) CPT directs you to file restore (Closure) codes 12001-13160, as suitable to the kind (simple, intermediate, or complicated), area, and duration of the wound “to designate wound closure utilizing sutures, staples or tissue adhesives (eg, 2-cyanoacrylate), each singly or in combination with every different.
Wounds are injuries that spoil the skin or other body tissues. They encompass cuts, scrapes, scratches, and punctured the skin. They regularly appear due to a twist of fate, but the surgical procedures, sutures, and stitches additionally purpose wounds.
Wounds can be caused by something surprising, such as a cut, a fall, or a bad knock. Cuts grazes and lacerations are all examples of wounds
Kind of Wounds :
* Penetrating wounds. Puncture wounds. Surgical wounds and incisions. Thermal, chemical, or electric-powered burns. * * *Gunshot wounds, or other excessive-pace projectiles that can penetrate the body.
*Blunt pressure trauma. abrasions. lacerations. skin tears.
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a 40-year-old man newly diagnosed with hypertension is discussing risk factors with the nurse. the nurse talks about lifestyle changes with the patient and advises that the patient should avoid tobacco use. what is the rationale behind that advice to the patient?
Option B-Tobacco use increases the patient's concurrent risk of heart disease.
Several plants in the Solanaceae family genus Nicotiana go by the common name "tobacco," which is also the name for any product made from the cured leaves of these plants. N. tabacum is the most important commercial crop out of the more than 70 species of tobacco known. Some nations also employ the more powerful variety N. Rustica.
As well as cigarettes, cigars, pipes, and shishas, dried tobacco leaves are mostly used for smoking. Additionally, they are available for snuff, dipping, chewing, and snus use.
Besides harmala alkaloids, tobacco also contains nicotine, a stimulant that is extremely addictive. Many fatal diseases, notably those that affect the heart, liver, and lungs, are caused by or at risk due to tobacco smoking.
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a two-year-old client is diagnosed with conjunctivitis and requires antibiotic eye drops. how does the health care practitioner explain the action of the eye drops to the parents?
The health care practitioner may explain the action of the eye drops to the parents as follow:
The eye drops are a local medication. It's used to the mucous membranes of the eyes without being unnecessarily absorbed into the entire circulation.
Conjunctivitis (often called pink eye) is an inflammation or irritation of the conjunctiva (the thing that covers the white part of the eyeball). It can be caused by several things, namely bacterial or viral infection and allergy. It's contagious.
To treat conjunctivitis, the health care practitioner may prescribe an antibiotic, usually as eye drops or ointment. It may shorten the length of infection and reduce the spread.
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the nurse is performing patient education for a patient who has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide and metoprolol (lopressor) for the treatment of hypertension. what teaching point should the nurse emphasize when teaching the patient about this medication regimen?
Decongestants sold without a prescription should not be taken as they may raise your heart rate (BP).
Can hypertension be treated?Chronic illness includes hypertension. Medication can help moderate it, but this can be cured. Therefore, patients must adhere to their doctor's recommendations regarding their course of treatment and lifestyle changes, as well as attend routine checkups for the rest of their lives.
How long can someone have hypertension?A blood pressure reading of 180/120 or greater, if untreated, increases the risk of mortality by 80% within a year, with a median survival rate if ten months. Long-term high blood pressure that is not managed can also cause kidney disease, a heart attack, a stroke, vision, and kidney disease.
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a nurse is providing care to an older adult client who was just diagnosed with cancer. the client together with the immediate family discuss their preferences with the health care providers involved. the health care providers offer their clinical recommendations about possible treatments. ultimately, the group arrives at a decision. the nurse interprets this decision-making process as reflecting which type?
The decision making process reflected in the given question for the treatment of the client with cancer is: shared-decision making.
Cancer is the disease where the cells of a part of the body divide uncontrollably without differentiating. The property that confirms the presence of cancer is metastasis. This is the condition where the rapidly dividing cells of the body also move from one location to another.
Shared-decision making in medicine is when the patient, the family members and the physician sit together, discuss and decide the best treatment for the patient. It is the best way to initiate treatment because it also provides knowledge to the patient and family members about the ongoing procedures.
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a nutritionist planning a diet for a basketball player wants him to consume 3,650 calories and 650 grams of food daily. calories from carbohydrates and fat will be 60% of the total calories. there are 4, 4, and 9 calories per gram for protein, carbohydrates, and fat, respectively. how many daily grams of fat will the diet include?
Answer:
210 grams of fat
Explanation:
Given that a 3650 calorie diet is 650 grams of food, with 60% of the total calories from carbohydrates and fat, you want to know the number of grams of fat the diet will include if protein, carbohydrates, and fat give 4, 4, and 9 calories per gram, respectively.
SetupWe can write three equations based on the given information. Let p, c, f represent grams of protein, carbohydrates, and fat, respectively. Then we have ...
p +c +f = 650 . . . . . . . . total grams
4p +4c +9f = 3650 . . . . total calories
0p +4c +9f = 0.60·3650 . . . . calories from carbs and fat
SolutionThe attachment shows a calculator solution to this system of equations. It tells us the diet should include ...
210 grams of fat
Ad Hoc solutionSubtracting the 3rd equation from the 2nd, we have ...
(4p +4c +9f) -(4c +9f) = 3650 -0.6·3650
4p = 0.4·3650
p = 365
Solving the first equation for c gives ...
365 +c +f = 650
c = 285 -f
Substituting into the last equation, we have ...
4(285 -f) +9f = 2190
5f = 1050 . . . . . . . . . . . . subtract 1140
f = 210 . . . . . . . . . . . . divide by 5
The diet will include 210 daily grams of fat.
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a client with a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) receives pentamidine for a protozoal infection. the nurse will monitor the client for which common side effect? select all that apply. one, some, or all responses may be correct.
The client will be observed by the nurse for common side effects like hypoglycemia and low blood pressure.
What does AIDS mean?
The term "AIDS" (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is used to refer to a variety of potentially fatal infections and diseases that develop after your immune system has been severely weakened by the HIV virus. HIV, as opposed to AIDS, can be passed from one person to another.
The medication class known as antiprotozoals includes pentamidine. It operates by eliminating the infection-causing agent.
Therefore, AIDS is a late-stage HIV infection that develops when the immune system of the body has been severely compromised by the virus. Minor side effects of pentamidine for a protozoal infection consequently causing treatment include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.
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an adult client with newly diagnosed asthma presents for client education regarding situations that could precipitate an asthma attack. in this teaching, which precipitants would the nurse state may trigger an attack? select all that apply.
Asthma is most often caused by dust, cigarette, animal fur, cold air, physical activity, viral infections and chemical exposure.
Asthma triggerBacteria from dust are often the main trigger for asthma. These bacteria are called endotoxins, which are commonly found in household appliances, especially in the bedroom, which cause asthma symptoms.
Causes and trigger factors of asthma are divided into two groups, namely genetic factors and environmental factors. In genetic factors, the trigger for the disease is because family members have a history of asthma sufferers, a history of allergic diseases, or it could be because they were born prematurely. Meanwhile, on environmental factors, the triggers come from outside the body, such as vehicle fumes, cigarette smoke, cold air, flu and infections, dust, humidity in the house, and allergens.
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a client has been taking imipramine, 125 mg by mouth daily, for 1 week. now the client reports wanting to stop taking the medication because of continuing feelings of depression. at this time, what is the nurse's best response?
Imipramine must be gradually increased to therapeutic levels; depression relief may take three to four weeks.
What does imipramine serve?Imipramine is a depression treatment medication. It is a medication in the tricyclic antidepressant class (TCA). These medicines are intended to function by increasing the activity of serotonin, a chemical in the brain. MedlinePlus has information on imipramine adverse effects, potency, special precautions, as well as other topics..
What long-term effects does imipramine have?The study's findings indicate that dry mouth, sweating, but instead increased heart rate are indeed a significant and distinct burden associated with ongoing maintenance imipramine therapy in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.
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how does the approximate average cardiac output compare for trained and untrained individuals? (hint: total cardiac output, not the individual changes in hr and sv with training)
The average cardiac output compare for trained and untrained individuals are not significantly different. But maximal cardiac output when exercise is higher.
Physiology of Trained vs Untrained HeartIn trained individuals, there are changes in the structure of the heart, namely:
HypertrophyDilatationBut these changes are not like in people with heart disease. These changes do not interfere with heart function, instead they increase stroke volume.
Stroke volume in trained individuals will increase. When in the resting phase, oxygen requirements are normal and the required cardiac output is about 5 liters. This is not significantly different between trained and untrained individuals. However, in trained individuals, there is an increase in stroke volume.
Cardiac output = Stroke volume x Heart rate
When the cardiac output requirements are both 5 liters, even though the stroke volume is different, there is a difference in heart rate in trained and untrained individuals. In trained individuals, because there is an increase in stroke volume, the compensation is a decrease in heart rate. Therefore, people who are trained tend to have a low heart rate.
However, during exercise, the maximum cardiac output in trained people is much higher than in untrained people. Cardiac output can be maximized up to the maximum heart rate. Whereas in untrained individuals, cardiac output will stagnate from a heart rate of around 120 bpm.
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