Answer: True
Explanation:
DNA polymerases from many species, including bacteria, viruses and eukaryotes, possess a 3′–5′ proofreading exonuclease activity which removes misincorporated bases from extending primers, thereby improving fidelity.
enzymes that function in breaking down dna do so by catalyzing the hydrolysis of covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. what would happen to dna molecules when treated with these enzymes? responses all bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugar all bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugar the two strands of the double helix will separate the two strands of the double helix will separate the sugar phosphate backbone of dna strands would be broken the sugar phosphate backbone of dna strands would be broken the pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugar the pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugar
The backbone of the polynucleotide would lose its phosphodiester connections. Two ester bonds created in a phosphodiester connection when the hydroxyl groups of one molecule's hydroxyls bind molecule.
What functions do DNA polynucleotides serve?The covalent bonding between several nucleotide monomers form a polynucleotide. At least 14 nucleotide monomer chains, or polynucleotides, make up a single polynucleotide molecule. R- and D-ribonucleic acids are two examples of polynucleotides.
Where can one find polynucleotides?Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are the nitrogenous bases contained in DNA. Two polynucleotide chains, which are joined together in a ladder-like shape, make up DNA molecules. The two chains' sugar phosphate backbones run parallel to one another but in the opposite directions.
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PLEASE HELP ME !!!!! Question 1 of 10 Which two molecules that form during cellular respiration have less energy than the molecules they were produced from?
A. ATP
B. NAD+
C. NADH
D. ADP
NAD+ and ATP are the two molecules that form during cellular respiration have less energy than the molecules they were produced from.
Citric acid undergoes a sequence of processes that release energy after it originates. In ATP and electron carrier molecules, this energy is stored. NAD+ and FAD are the two different kinds of energy-carrying electron carriers in the Krebs cycle.
Individual cells release energy through the process of cellular respiration, which involves the breakdown of food molecules like glucose. It does this by utilizing the energy released to create ATP molecules, which serve as the energy carriers for the metabolic reactions carried out by cells.
Glycolysis, pyruvate transformation, the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation are the four reactions that make up cellular respiration. There is also an intermediate stage.
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all of the following are functions of muscles except a. control of openings. b. heat production. c. respiration. d. secretion. e. stability.
The function of muscles except option D. Secretion.
The muscular machine is composed of specialised cells known as muscle fibers. Their principal characteristic is contractibility. Muscle mass, attached to bones or inner organs and blood vessels, are chargeable for motion. Nearly all movement within the body is the end result of muscle contraction.
Those muscle tissues assist you flow, carry things, pump blood through your frame, and even help you breathe. While you reflect onconsideration on your muscle tissue, you probably suppose most about those you can manipulate. These are your voluntary (VOL-uhn-ter-ee) muscular tissues, which means you may control their movements.
Muscle tissue flow body components by using contracting and then enjoyable. Muscle tissues can pull bones, however they cannot push them back to the authentic role.
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Marine Science
Why isn’t the atmosphere a closed system?
a. closed systems only exist in theory
b. closed systems are only for liquids, not gases.
c. The laws of physics do not apply to the atmosphere.
d. Gases from Earth escape from the higher realms of the atmosphere.
The answer to Why isn’t the atmosphere a closed system?
D. Gases from Earth escape from higher realms of the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Hope this helped^^
Oxygen is important in the oxidation of glucose because it ____________________________.
Answer:
is highly electronegative
Explanation:
the (fill in the blank) refers to the style of life between extreme self-denial and ordinary life, which can lead to enlightenment.
The Middle Path refers to the style of life between extreme self-denial and ordinary life, which can lead to enlightenment.
The phrase "middle path" often alludes to avoiding two extremes in daily life, namely indulging in sensuous pleasures and practicing strict asceticism. Before renunciation, the Buddha was said to have led a very comfortable and rich life, according to the holy narrative.
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Cells work together to provide a specific function in , which interact to form an organ.
Cells work together to provide a specific function in multicellular organisms, which interact to form an organ is called tissue.
How do cells work?Cells group together to carry out a particular function and a group of cells that work together form a tissue.
Organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform functions and circulatory system and digestive system are examples of organ systems.
In multicellular organism, cells form tissues, tissues form organs and then organs form organ systems. The cells differentiate tocarry outspecific functions. Specialization is determined by the location of the cell within the developing embryo. Stem cells are special type of cell that continue to divide and renew themselves for longer periods of time.
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This system brings oxygen into the body and rids the body of waste gases. Some organisms use their skin.
After analysing the human body, we got that respiratory system brings oxygen into the body and rids the body of waste gases.
The respiratory system is actually network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and most importantly blood vessels. The muscles that actually power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts basically work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out the waste gases like carbon dioxide.
A ventilation system is basically needed in order to obtain oxygen for living organisms and to get rid of carbon dioxide
Hence , the system which brings oxygen into the body and rids the body of waste gases is respiratory system.
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A teacher wants to know whether the scent of citrus in the classroom influences students' performance on the SAT math test.
During a first-period class, the teacher administers the test as usual with no fragrance in the room and records the students' scores.
During the second period, a different group of students enter the room. The teacher sprays the room with a citrus fragrance and administers the same math test. The teacher records the students' scores.
In this study, what is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable?
A. The independent variable is the teacher's first-period class, and the dependent variable is the second-period class.
B. The independent variable is the classroom, and the dependent variable is the teacher.
C. The independent variable is the score on the math test, and the dependent variable is the citrus smell.
D. The independent variable is the citrus smell, and the dependent variable is the score on the math test.
In this study, the option that is the independent variable and the dependent variable is C. The independent variable is the score on the math test, and the dependent variable is the citrus smell.
Which variable is dependent and which is independent?In mathematical modeling, statistical modeling, and experimental sciences, there are dependent and independent variables. Dependent variables are so-called because, during an experiment, their values are examined on the assumption or presumption that they are governed by the values of other variables.
Note that the cause is the independent variable. Its value is unaffected by the other study variables. Effect is the dependent variable. Changes in the independent variable affect its value.
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a phenotypically normal couple seek genetic counseling because the man's karyotype showed that his chromosomes had a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 4 and 12. because the translocation is reciprocal there was no genetic information lost and he is healthy; however, he and his wife want to know the probability that his sperm cells will be abnormal. which fraction of his sperm cells is predicted to carry at least one chromosome with a translocation?
Three-fourth will have at least one chromosome with a translocation; the other 1/4 will carry normal chromosomes 4 and 12.
A karyotype is an person's entire set of chromosomes. The term additionally refers to a laboratory-produced image of someone's chromosomes isolated from an man or woman cell and arranged in numerical order. A karyotype may be used to look for abnormalities in chromosome range or structure.
Analyzing chromosomes through karyotyping allows your medical doctor to determine whether there are any abnormalities or structural problems inside the chromosomes. Chromosomes are in nearly every cellular of your body. They include the genetic material inherited from your mother and father.
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which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones? dehydration metabolism anabolism (anabolic pathways) catabolism (catabolic pathways)
Term that describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones is : Catabolic pathway.
What are catabolic pathways?Catabolic pathways involves breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and releases energy. Energy stored in the bonds of complex molecules like glucose and fats is also released in catabolic pathways.
Catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller units. Catabolism is the breaking-down aspect of metabolism and whereas anabolism is the building-up aspect.
Some of the examples of the catabolic processes include glycolysis, citric acid cycle and breakdown of muscle protein in order to use amino acids as substrates for gluconeogenesis.
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what is greenlands water features and why does it matter to greenland.
need help ASAP
Greenland water features for covering an impact on climate on land, having a cool climate.
What is Greenland water?The water around Greenland does have an impact on the climate on land. The water, in particular, helps to cool sections of shoreline near the open sea.
For this reason, during the summer months, the area nearest to the ice sheet seems to be the hottest and driest.
Approximately 80% of the country is enveloped by an ice sheet up to 3 km thick, and ice-free land regions are restricted to a coastal strip 50-300 km wide.
Therefore Greenland water features climate change impact on the land.
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For a gene that has four alleles in nature, what is the maximum number of genotypes that can exist in a population?.
For a gene that has 4 alleles in nature, the maximum number of genotypes that can exist is 10 genotypes.
How is relationship between alleles normally described ?The relationship between allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in populations at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium is normally described the use of a trait for which there are two alleles existing at the locus of interest.Number of genotypes for a given wide variety of alleles given 'n' alleles at a locus, the range genotypes viable is the sum of the integers between 1 and n, formula for 4 alleles:1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10 genotypes
An allele is a variant shape of a gene. Some genes have a range of one of a kind forms, which are located at the same position, or genetic locus, on a chromosome.Learn moreMaterial about allele here: brainly.com/question/2597008
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4.in part ii: separation of chloroplast pigments by paper chromatography, a.what is the purpose of paper chromatography in this experiment? b.what is the independent variable in this experiment? c.what is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Paper chromatography is a technique for sorting compounds according to their numerous characteristics (such as solubility, size, mass, etc.), which enables scientists to differentiate between diverse organic and inorganic components.
How does chromatography work to separate chloroplast pigments?The paper's V-shaped tip is dipped in the chromatography solvent and used as a wick to move the solvent up the paper, separating colours based on how easily they dissolve in it and how much molecular weight they have. The solvent is let to remain on the paper until the topmost pigment band is almost at the top.
In paper chromatography, how are colours separated?As it goes up the paper, the solvent carries the dissolved pigments. Because they are not all equally soluble, the pigments are transported at varying rates.
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in a particular plant, leaf color is controlled by gene locus d. plants with at least one allele d have dark green leaves, and plants with the homozygous recessive dd genotype have light green leaves. a true-breeding dark-leaved plant is crossed with a light-leaved one, and the f1 offspring is allowed to self-pollinate. the predicted outcome of the f2 is diagrammed in the punnett square shown in the figure below, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the genotypes corresponding to each box within the square. which of the boxes marked 1-4 correspond to plants with dark leaves?
Boxes 1,2 and 3 correspond to plants with dark leaves
What is self pollination?
The movement of pollen from an anther of a flower to its stigma or, occasionally, to another bloom that is genetically identical (as of the same plant or clone)
The four processes that make up the most generic version of this process are pollination, germination, ovule penetration, and fertilization.
What is homozygous recessive genotypes?
Two recessive alleles are present in a homozygous recessive genotype. In the field of genetics, this is denoted by two identical lowercase letters, such as dd. This demonstrates that the genes passed down from each parent were recessive. DD is homozygous dominant having dark green leavesdd is homozygous recessive having light green leavesMaking a Punnett square of alleles-DD, ddDD, Dd
Dd, dd
Hence box 1 have homozygous dominant genotype, box 2 and 3 have heterozygous genotype and box 4 have homozygous recessive genotype
Therefore, Box 1, 2and 3 correspond to the plants having dark leaves
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Mark all of the terms that relate to the structure of RNA.
a
thymine
b
double helix
c
ribonucleic acid
d
adenine
e
cytosine
f
single helix
g
guanine
h
uracil
i
hydrogen bonds
j
deoxyribonucleic acid
describe the brain mechanisms associated with circadian rhythms, and discuss how they may become desynchronized.
Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles of changes in the body, brain, and behavior. These natural processes, which primarily respond to light and darkness, have an effect on the majority of living things, including animals, plants, and bacteria.
A biological clock, or general coordinator, which regulates circadian rhythms is housed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a small group of cells in the hypothalamus. The SCN can react to variations in light and darkness because of neural pathways that relay information from specialised receptors in the rear of the eye. The brain and body then adjust to these changes as a result of the messages the SCN then sends out. Hormone and neurotransmitter fluctuations are controlled by the SCN, which in turn receives feedback that influences how the SCN functions. Melatonin, one hormone, aids in maintaining the biological clock's alignment with the light-dark cycle. When travelling by plane across numerous time zones, people frequently experience internal desynchronization. It is a condition in which biological rhythms are not synchronised. While temperature and hormone cycles can take several days to return to normal, sleep and wake patterns typically change rapidly.
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can someone please double check my work?
(the cell is permeable to only na+,k+. impermeable to starch.)
Due to starch molecules' size, which is too large to fit through the dialysis machine's pores, the synthetic selectively permeable membranes is unable to flow through it.
How come this membrane is considered permeable?Due to its ability to control the flow of chemicals into and out of cells, the plasma membrane is known as a selectively permeable membrane. It indicates that despite blocking the passage of some materials, the plasma membrane allows the passage of others.
what is the definition of a permeable membrane?The cell wall in plant cells is a prime example of the a permeable membrane in nature. For plant cells, cell walls act as support and defense. Water, chemicals, and proteins can pass through them without restriction. The plant cells can now freely interchange nutrients and water as a result.
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the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the:
The most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, and swallowing, are controlled by the Brain stem.
The bottom portion of the brain that connects to the spinal cord is called the brain stem (part of the central nervous system in the spinal column). The majority of the body's autonomic processes, which are vital to life, are controlled by the brain stem. These include the heartbeat and respiration.
Numerous essential aspects of life, including breathing, consciousness, blood pressure, heart rate, and sleep, are controlled by it. Numerous important clusters of white and gray matter can be found in the brainstem. Numerous significant brainstem nuclei are formed by the nerve cell bodies that make up the grey matter in the brainstem.
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URGENT!!!!
CD4 and CD8 activation:
1) Why are CD4+ T cells (T-helper cells) activated by MHC Class II and CD8+ cells of (CTL) is activated by MHC Class I .
2) B-cells and T-cells: signal 1 and signal 2
During these phases, CD4+ T cells have specific functions that control how CD8+ T cell memory is developed.
What are CD4 and CD8 activation?CD4+ T cells during the priming phase boost viral clearance and license the entrance of CD8+ T cells into mucosal tissues.
After interacting with the antigen-MHC complex, naive CD4+T cells get activated and differentiate into distinct subtypes that are primarily influenced by the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment.
Therefore, the development of a virus-specific effector CD4+ T cell and humoral response.
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Living things require specific organic molecules in order to survive. The picture above represents some specific examples of foods that are mainly composed of one of these necessary organic molecules. The organic molecules found in these types of food are
Responses
A carbohydrates.carbohydrates.
B proteins.proteins.
C nucleic acidsnucleic acids
D lipids.
Answer:Carbohydrate
Explanation: Since the illustration is absent the four mentioned organic molecules are lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These are also called macromolecules.
Macromolecules are a set collection of polymers that composes most of the organic substances specifically in the organelles of cells. Thus, these organelles use lipids and proteins in doing cellular activity and keep them functioning. Observe nitrogen and carbon, these two entities are called elements that are composed of atoms. Elements are the basic components of a substance. Going back, examples of molecules could be nucleic tides, polypeptides, RNA, protein, lipids and etc.
I hope this helps!
howler monkeys (from the genus alouatta) are a species of primate that are found in central and south america. these primates are arboreal quadrupeds, and they have a prehensile tail. howler monkeys weigh about 6 kilograms (13.3 lbs) and their molars have long crests and cusps that are sharp and pointy. based on these characteristics, howler monkeys most likely have a higher percentage of what type of food in their diet?
Answer: Meat, Fish, and hard fruits.
Explanation:
the controlled release of cellular material stored in membrane-bound vesicles to the outside of the cell is an example of: group of answer choices endocytosis.
The controlled release of cellular material stored in membrane-bound vesicles to the outside of the cell is an example of transcytosis.
What are membrane bound vesicles?
Vacuoles and vesicles are membrane-bound sacs with storage and transport capabilities. There is a very slight difference between vesicles and vacuoles besides the fact that vacuoles are slightly larger: vesicle membranes can fuse with either the plasma membrane or other membrane systems within the cell.
What is transcytosis?
Multicellular organisms use transcytosis, the vesicular transport of macromolecules from one side of the cell to the other, to move specific materials between two environments without changing the specific compositions of those environments.
Hence transcytosis is the release of cellular material stored in membrane bound vesicle outside the cell
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from all three sites surveyed what was the total number of tuskless elephants killed
In the early 2000s, more than 2,500 elephants which is reduced to 200 tuskless elephants.
What is the percentage of Tuskless elephants?Whereas the usual level of tusklessness in elephant residents is somewhere between 3 percent and 4 percent, on the report of a Ugandan report, a 1989 survey of Queen Elizabeth National Park discloses tusklessness in the elephant population to be between 9 percent and 25 percent. This find proposes the mutation for tusklessness may kill male elephants, per the New York Times. The team deliberated that 18.5 percent of female elephants did not have tusks before the war began. After the war, 33 percent of 91 female elephants born were naturally tuskless, per Nature.
So we can conclude that In well-protected elephant natives, tusklessness can be as low as 2 percent. Today, half of Gorongosa's females are tuskless.
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Are viruses alive? This question is debated among scientists throughout the world. Consider the following passage. Scientific researchers discovered agents that behaved like bacteria causing diseases such as rabies and hoof-and-mouth, but were much smaller. At this time it became the general view that viruses were biologically "alive." This perception changed in 1935 when the tobacco mosaic virus was crystallized and scientists demonstrated that the particles lacked any mechanisms necessary for metabolic function. It was determined that viruses consisted of a nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein shell and the scientific view changed: viruses are complex biochemical mechanisms but not alive.
According to the passage, the MOST IMPORTANT evidence supporting the opinion that viruses are not alive is that they
Responses
A are much smaller than bacteria. are much smaller than bacteria.
B contain DNA or RNA. contain DNA or RNA.
C cause disease.cause disease.
D do not have a cellular structure.
Answer: D
Explanation:
which mechanism is the best explanation for how the stem cell-derived inhibitor might arrest the cancer cell cycle at the g1 stage?
The inhibitor might block the activity of a cyclin or signaling molecule of the G1 checkpoint.
G1-phase is the arrest phase of cell cycle were it provides an opportunity for cells to choose to undergo repair mechanisms or follow the apoptotic pathway. Cell cycle arrest in M phase can be a result of failure of a single chromosome to attach properly to the mitotic spindle.
G2 phase is a checkpoint, which is termed as G2/M phase checkpoint, has the function of prohibiting cells with damaged DNA, lasting from the G1 and S phases or generated in G2, from undergoing mitosis.
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science applied - how can human action cause some species to become overabundant, and why can this be harmful?
Biodiversity is decreased by increasing sustainable habitat and reducing predators.
The majority of animal overpopulations are caused by human activities such as vegetation modification, the introduction of new species, and habitat destruction and fragmentation.
What about biodiversity?Biodiversity refers to the variety of all the diverse species of creatures that dwell on our planet, including the plants, animals, insects, and microbes. Each of these things exists in a delicate balance and coexists with the others in ecosystems that nourish and sustain life on earth.Biodiversity contributes to the availability of food and nutrition, energy, the development of medicines, and the demand for freshwater, all of which together support human health.Additionally, it promotes employment possibilities and leisure pursuits that enhance general well-being. Land use change (mainly for large-scale food production), which is responsible for 30% of the global biodiversity reduction, is the primary direct driver of biodiversity loss. The second major factor, accounting for 20%, is overexploitation (overfishing, overhunting, and overharvesting) for goods including food, medicine, and timber. The variety of all living creatures on our world, known as biodiversity, has been alarmingly dropping in recent years, mostly as a result of human activities including pollution, land use changes, and climate change. The environment is the area where biodiversity has the greatest influence. Ecosystems that are flourishing support the Earth's natural processes. Without the species that sustain them, operations like soil aeration, water purification, pest management, and other functions would not be feasible. These processes can be severely damaged.Learn more about biodiversity here:
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the resulting cultures were then plated on dropout medium containing streptomycin. why was streptomycin added?
Since patients who have previously received treatment for TB are more likely to have developed some form of drug resistance, streptomycin is added to first-line regimens.
What does adding streptomycin accomplish?A number of bacterial illnesses, including tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, Burkholderia infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever are treated with the antibiotic drug streptomycin.
What was treated by streptomycin?A prescription drug called streptomycin is used to treat the signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe diseases like tuberculosis. You can take streptomycin by itself or in combination with other drugs. Aminoglycosides are a class of medications that includes streptomycin.
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1. during transduction involving a p1 phage, a. any small fragment of the bacterial chromosome may be transferred to another bacterium by a new phage. b. only a specific fragment of dna may be transferred to another bacterium by a new phage. c. any small fragment of the bacterial chromosome may be transferred during conjugation. d. only a specific fragment of dna may be transferred during conjugation.
During transduction that is involving a P1 phage : a.) any small fragment of the bacterial chromosome may be transferred to another bacterium by bacteriophage.
What is transduction ?Process by which a virus transfers genetic material from one bacterium to the another is called transduction and viruses called bacteriophages infect bacterial cells and use them as hosts to make more viruses.
Phage P1 mediate generalized transduction between E. coli strains and the other Gram-negative bacteria.
P1 genes that are expressed in the lytic pathway are those that are involved in the timing of phage development, in replication, in formation of phage particles, including headful packaging and then finally in cell lysis to release the phage progeny.
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a woman has a family history of breast cancer. she has her brca1 and brca2 genes tested, and no detrimental mutations are found. she is so relieved to know that she will not develop breast cancer. is she correct that she will not develop breast cancer?
No, she is not correct that she will not develop breast cancer.
She is inaccurate in announcing that she can be able to now no longer get breast most cancers with 100% certainty. Although, on the grounds that her BRCA1 and BRCA2 alleles have been located to haven't any mutations signalling breast cancers, which means that there is probably a totally small risk that she ought to nevertheless broaden breast most cancers.
Even though it's far relatively not going that she can be able to broaden breast cancers, there may be nevertheless a totally small risk that it is able to occur.
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