during the pcr lab, an ls23l student got lazy and decided not to put chelex inside the microcentrifuge with the student's dna. what would you expect to happen from this?

In the phenomenon of wilted lettuce leaves became fresh after soaking in cold water is also known as osmosis.

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The fibrous structure of the heart separates the atria and ventricles from one another.

Blood is sent from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, which again transports it to the lungs for oxygenation. The now oxygen-rich plasma leaves the lungs and is pumped into the left ventricle via the left atrium. Through a vast network of arteries, the left ventricle transports oxygen-rich oxygen to the brain.

Blood with low oxygen content leaves the body through the right atrium and is pumped to a right ventricle. Oxygen-deficient blood is sent to the lungs by the right ventricle. The left atrium takes blood from the lungs that is oxygenated then pumps it to the left ventricle. Blood that is oxygenated is delivered to the body by the left ventricle.

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A monomer is more mobile than a polymer. Polymer A polymer is a chemical composed of many repeat units.

These repeat units can be composed of one monomer, two or more monomers or blocks of smaller polymers. Polymers normally have higher viscosities; higher boiling points and can show improved mechanical strength over monomers.

What You Need To Know About Monomers

Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to form more complex molecule referred to as polymers.

Monomers are simple molecules with low molecular weight.

A monomer can have different combination units.

Monomers are small molecules in the microscopic scale which cannot be compared to the macroscopic properties of polymers, and they are chemically more reactive than polymers.

A monomer is more mobile than a polymer.

What You Need To Know About Polymers

A polymer may be natural or synthetic macromolecules comprised of repeating units of a smaller molecules (monomers).

Polymers are complex molecules with very high molecular weight.

A polymer will always have a single repeating unit.

Polymers are macroscopic molecules which are stronger than monomers and are less susceptive towards chemicals.

A polymer is less mobile than a monomer because of its larger load of combined molecules.

Answer:

A polymer is larger than a monomer.

Explanation:

Nociceptors are sensory receptors that detect signals from damaged tissue or the threat of damage and indirectly also respond to chemicals released from the damaged tissue. Nociceptors are free (bare) nerve endings found in the skin, muscle, joints, bone and viscera.

Also called pain receptors, nociceptors are a set of sensory neurons with specialised nerve endings extensively distributed in the skin, deep tissues and most of the visceral organs of our body.

Nociceptors are equipped with specific molecular sensors, which detect extreme heat or cold and certain dangerous chemicals. Physiological pain responses normally protect us from tissue damage by rapidly alerting us to impending injury.

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The DNA chain that acts as the concrete for transcription is sense.

What is DNA sense?

DNA Sense is a DNA strand with a 5′ → 3′ direction that has the same nitrogen base sequence as mRNA (except T is replaced by U). Because these strands have the same sequence as mRNA, they are referred to as coding.

While Antisense DNA is a DNA strand with a direction of 3′ → 5′ or is called a negative strand (-). This strand plays a role in transcription to form mRNA so this strand is called a template. The 3′ → 5′ direction is based on this DNA strand during the transcription process by the RNA Polymerase enzyme.

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Answer:

There is an important relationship among  homeostasis, defective mitochondria, and the  symptoms caused by LHON.

Explanation:

There is a great relationship among  homeostasis, defective mitochondria and the  symptoms caused by LHON because defective mitochondria disturbs the homeostasis in the body. If mitochondria works properly, homeostasis will be maintained whereas if there is any defect occurs in the mitochondria then the whole homeostasis will be adversely affected because mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell responsible for the production of energy for the cell. Symptoms occurs due to Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) also effected the state of equilibrium in the body.

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Answer:

1. Fluids are substances such as liquid and gas that can easily flow and have random molecular motion.

2. Blood transports oxygen to many parts of our bodies. It also takes carbon dioxide to the lungs, kidneys, or other filters to be removed from our bodies.

3. When a fluid is contaminated, it may cause serious damage to the environment. For example, if an organism consumes polluted water, it could get very sick and possibly die.

4. Fluids such as water can be used to cut metal by being sprayed at a high speed. Gasoline is used to run all kinds of machines. Water can also be used to clean and cool down machines.

5. Blood, sweat, and urine are all important fluids in our bodies and are created by our bodies.

Explanation:

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Shanks are the paired parts of a hemostat that span between the box lock and the finger rings.

A hemostat (too called a hemostatic clamp, blood vessel forceps, or pean after Jules-Émile Péan) could be a surgical instrument utilized in numerous surgical strategies to control bleeding.

For this reason, it is common within the starting stages of surgery for the introductory cut to be lined with hemostats near blood vessels anticipating ligation. The hemostat has handles that can be held in put by their locking mechanism.

The locking instrument is regularly an arrangement of in an ever altered locking teeth, s on each handle, that permit the client to alter the clamping drive of the pincers. When bolted together, the drive between the tips is around 40 N (9 lbf).

The most punctually known drawing of a turning surgical instrument dates back to 1500 BC on a tomb at Thebes, Egypt.

Afterward Roman bronze and steel pivot-controlled rebellious were found in Pompeii. Within the ninth century Advertisement, Abulcasis made outlines of turning disobedient for tooth extraction.

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Diseases of the blood or bone marrow are referred dyscrasias.

What is dyscrasia?

Dyscrasias is an imprecise term that doctors often use to refer to blood-related medical conditions or disorders. These cellular disorders affect plasma or blood components, lymphatic tissue, and bone marrow. Examples of blood dyscrasias are aplastic anemia and cancer, including lymphoma and leukemia.

Aplastic anemia is a type of blood disorder caused by the failure of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The cause of aplastic anemia that occurs in you can be caused by a viral infection. It can attack the bone marrow in a person, causing the development of aplastic anemia.

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Epinephrine is considered a hormone when produced by the adrenal medulla because it's secreted into the bloodstream and a NT when secreted by a neuron because it's secreted into the brain.

Epinephrine is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, however it acts specially as a hormone. Epinephrine, also called adrenaline, performs an important position in your frame's combat-or-flight response. It is also used as a medication to deal with many life-threatening situations.

Epinephrine injection is used for emergency treatment of extreme hypersensitive reactions (together with anaphylaxis) to insect bites or stings, drugs, foods, or other substances. It's also used to treat anaphylaxis resulting from unknown materials or caused through exercising.

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When humans burn the fossil then it increases the amount of carbon that is stored under the surface and increases the amount of carbon flowing in the atmosphere, This is totally like burning of fuels and combustion.

It is defined as the process which involves the burning of carbon sources and it is of two types that is complete and incomplete.

When the fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gases and fuel with the coal as well is burned out in atmosphere then in this condition it obviously increases the amount of carbon out in nature and decreases the carbon availability down the Earth.

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The double helical structure of DNA was determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA.

Watson and Crick are credited with discovering the structure of DNA, but Rosalind Franklin's discoveries played a crucial role in assisting them in doing so. Rosalind Franklin and Francis Wilkins used X-ray crystallography to study DNA to determine its structural properties. An X pattern was observed in the Franklin and Wilkins diffraction pattern, which suggested a two-stranded helical form of DNA. They also inferred that the helix's diameter must also be consistent with the patterns' consistency.

So, the correct option is "DNA has a double helix structure."

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(complete question)

Which of the following characteristics of the structure of DNA was determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs of crystallized DNA?

a. the length of a given DNA molecule

b. the sequence of nucleotides

c. the double helical structure

d. the frequency of A versus T nucleotides

The frequency of the bb genotype in the population of 10.000 individuals will be 0.03.

Frequency is the number of times the target genotype repeats divided by the total genotypes in a population. Thus the genotype bb repeats 300 times in the population, Therefore the frequency will be 300 / 10.000 = 0.03.

Genotype is the genetic composition of an organism. It is the representation of any trait of an individual. Genotype can be homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous is the type where both the alleles are of same type and heterozygous is the type where both the alleles have contrasting effects.

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Inflammation of a lymph vessel is lymphangitis.

Lymphangitis and lymphadenitis are common bacterial infection that is usually caused by hemolytic streptococci or S aureus they generally from an infected wound, cellulitis, or an abscess.

Lymphangitis is an infection of the lymphatic channels. lymphangitis can also be caused by parasitic infection filariasis or mycobacterial infection,  they affect the area by causing swelling in common lymph nodes areas. lymphangitis is red streaks were reddish stripes is visible from the injury site to areas where you have a lot of lymph glands.

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The dermis is composed largely of multiple choice question - stratified squamous epithelium.

There are three basic layers to the skin. The outer, avascular layer known as the epidermis is primarily made up of keratinocytes and keratinocyte remnants. The intermediate layer known as the dermis is home to the skin's blood vessels, nerves, and other supporting systems. Of the three layers, the hypodermis is the deepest.

Column-shaped cells are organized in numerous layers to form the uncommon epithelial tissue known as stratified columnar epithelium. It is located in the male urethra, anus, pharynx, and conjunctiva.

ciliated columnar epithelium that is stratified. The lining of the foetal oesophagus is an example of an epithelium with many layers, the deeper cells of which are polyhedral in shape, and the surface cells of which are columnar with motile cilia.

Type I collagen fibers are the major component of dense regular connective tissue. It can be found in the body's ligaments, tendons, and aponeuroses, which all need a lot of tensile strength. The collagen fibers are aligned parallel to one another and closely spaced together.

Stratified squamous epithelium: This kind of epithelium typically serves as a barrier against water loss and/or the invasion of germs into the underlying tissue. Your skin's epidermis, or top layer, is made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells.

A form of dense connective tissue called dense irregular connective tissue lacks parallel bundles of extracellular fibers, particularly collagen fibers (as opposed to the dense regular connective tissue whose collagen fibers are arranged in a parallel fashion).

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The motor neuron is bound by botulinum toxin, which inhibits acetylcholine from being released into the synaptic cleft. Due to the lack of neurotransmitter to bind to the ion-channel receptor on the muscle cell motor end plate, this hinders the beginning of an end-plate potential.

The bacterium Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rod frequently found on plants, in soil, water, and the digestive tracts of animals, produces the neurotoxic protein known as botulinum toxin, or BoNT.

Botulinum toxin causes flaccid paralysis by preventing the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from axon terminals at the neuromuscular junction. The toxicity is what leads to botulism.

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Hydras avoid reproducing asexually when conditions are difficult because The high genetic diversity could mean that all of the hydras die, depending on the situation .

Hydra can reproduce asexually by budding and fragmentation. in the process of budding they develop a structure called as bud that develop and detached from the hydra body when they are matured .

Fragmentation, helps the body to divide into two parts with subsequent regeneration. These Buds are originate at the junction of the stalk and gastric regions . So hydra prefer asexual reproduction as the fragments formed are big enough that a different individual can regrow.

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Answer:

Reproducing more slowly would be a good way to take advantage of plentiful resources. :)

Explanation:

Fungi that invade plant cells in their roots but do establish a mutualistic relationship are endomycorrhizae. Option B.

The definition of endosymbiont indicates that the bacterium is localized in the cytoplasm of the cell or in the hyphae of its fungal partner. Specifically, bacteria grow within their corresponding fungal membranes, commonly called vacuoles or symbiosomes. Fungi act as decomposers, breaking down dead organisms and other organic matter.

Fungi act as parasites that feed on their hosts. In addition, some fungi cause diseases and infections in humans such as. Athlete's foot skin rashes and ringworm. Fungi and bacteria live symbiotically in a variety of environments. Their interactions are key drivers of many ecosystem functions and are important for plant and animal health. Rhizosphere organisms detrimental to plant growth and health include pathogens oomycetes bacteria and nematodes.

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Internet installation method is most likely to put your computer at risk of downloading a virus.

Understanding viruses in computers

Viruses are files that interfere with the operational system on PCs and laptops, if the laptop is exposed to a virus then automatically the laptop's performance will not be maximized, usually this form of virus interference such as the ability to load becomes slower / slower, the loss of files that we save suddenly  , the laptop restarts repeatedly, if you are faced with a great virus sometimes the OS will be deleted, this will force us to reinstall the OS on the laptop.

What is called a virus in a computer is an annoying file, so every file that can interfere with the performance of the OS is a virus, this annoying file can be in the form of ordinary files that we intentionally store but are damaged, Worms, Trojan Horses, Spyware, and malicious malware that is installed either intentionally  or not.  Actually we don't need to be afraid of being too much with what is called a virus in a PC / laptop, as long as we want to take the anticipatory steps correctly, then the possibility of a virus can interfere with our laptop is very small.

Here's how to prevent and avoid viruses from entering your computer or laptop:

1.Use a compatible and bona fide antivirus, always update the antivirus;

2. If your computer or laptop is often used to browse the internet, then use an antivirus that has Internet Security features;

3.Activate Firewall on Windows that you are using;

4.Always update Security Update on Windows Security;

5. Do not get into the habit of storing data on drive C for too long;

6. Identify all the data that you store on the laptop, and immediately discard/delete if there is data that you do not recognize;

7. Delete registry files that are not needed regularly;

8. If you are going to transfer data from another device/device, try not to open it when it is still connected, so send/copy it directly and then disconnect the device/device;

9.Use cleaning tools like Ccleaner, TuneUp Utility, etc.

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Cultural eutrophication happens when humans greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake.

Human activities can significantly speed up the inflow of plant nutrients into a lake when it’s close to an urban or agricultural region, a process referred  to as cultural eutrophication.

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A city is a good analogy for a cell because it includes all components to function in a system. Organelles may be analogous to people since they play specific roles.

A city is a good analogy for a cell because both systems need to maintain homeostasis. This state of internal equilibrium is achieved by the normal function of all components. In a cell, the component includes organelles, while a city is composed of people.

The cell is an open system in the same way that a city. All the cities are interconnected through globalization in a similar manner to the cell in a body to form tissues and organs.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that cells and cities are analogous because both need all their components to function in a proper manner.

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Clay would get angry very quickly when he was a teenager but now in his fifties, it takes a lot to make him angry. This is primarily because Clay's levels of the hormone testosterone have decreased. So the correct option is a.

Studies have shown that higher testosterone levels and lower cortisol levels are associated with higher levels of anger. And as the age of a person (here a male) increases then the serum testosterone levels decline with age.

Age-related testosterone decline is due to the waning of both testicular and hypothalamic-pituitary functions. Although it is a slow decline. More than 33% of men over 45 may have lower-than-normal testosterone levels.

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Since nutrients are absorbed through the surface of the cell membrane, and nutrients are needed by the entire volume of the cell, a smaller Surface Area / Volume ratio would mean the cell has a better ability to "feed" itself.

The cell needs to take in nutrients like carbohydrates and amino acids, and it also needs to release certain metabolic waste products. Such molecules are either pushed throughout the membranes by membrane transporters as well as diffuse passively along protein channels in assisted diffusion.

The ratio of surface area to volume declines with cell expansion. This is due to the fact that as a cell expands, its volume (internal contents) develops more quickly than just its surface area (its cell membrane).

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During the process of cell division in bacterial as well as eukaryotic cells, the genetic information is replicated and separated as well as the contents of cell are divided among the daughter cells.

Cell division in bacteria as well as eukaryotic cells results in the formation of two daughter cells that are genetically similar. In case of a bacterial cell, the replication of genetic information (DNA) is initiated at a particular site that is known as the origin of replication. The DNA replication in a bacterial cell advances in both the directions around the circular DNA until it reaches a particular termination site.

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There are differing numbers of lobes on the right and left lungs because the left and right lungs are different in size and shape to make room for other organs that intrude on the thoracic region.

Each lung has lobes that are partitioned off from one another by tissue fissures. The left lung, which is slightly smaller due to the heart's asymmetrical position, has two major lobes compared to the right lung's three. Each lobe is further divided internally into hundreds of lobules.

The left lung has two lobes while the right lung has three, each of which resembles a balloon packed with sponge-like tissue. Although each lobe of the bronchial tree receives air from a different branch, they all perform the same task: supplying the bloodstream with oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.

Thus from the above conclusion we can say that there are differing numbers of lobes on the right and left lungs because the left and right lungs are different in size and shape to make room for other organs that intrude on the thoracic region.

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The following are the chemical elements of thymine. In RNA, nucleotide bases are absent.

The ideal response is B.

A molecule made composed of a nitrogen-containing base (such as adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA or adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate group, and a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA).

The nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil make up RNA. Similar to thymine, another pyrimidine found in DNA, uracil is a pyrimidine that has a similar structural makeup. Uracil can base-pair with adenine similarly to how thymine can.

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The spleen is more medial to the spinal cord than the cisterna chyli. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system

The spleen is the largest organ in lymphatic system, which is an extensive drainage network. The work of the lymphatic system is to balance and level the body fluids and to safe guard the body against contaminations. It consist of a network of lymphatic vessels that take the lymph — a clear, watery fluid that contains minerals such as proteins — throughout the body.

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Explanation:

generate electron carriers and some ATP.