Examples of electron are hydrogen atom and example of non electron are lithium
Electron are the smallest of the particles that makeup ab atom and they carry a negative charge and the number of proton and electron is equal in a neutral atom and the hydrogen atom for example has a just one electron and one proton and the uranium atom on the other hand has 92 proton and 92 electron and a non electron also called as non bonding electron and a non bonding electron is an electron not involved in chemical bonding and this can refer to the lone pair and with electron localized on one atom and non bonding electron with the electron delocalized throughout the molecule
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As a result of an action potential, AcH is released from the axon terminal and attaches to receptors on the motor end plate. Sodium rushes in the T-tubules and all the steps occur until the muscle contracts in the leg and carry out the command transported by the motor neuron. Which gray horn is the cell body of the motor neuron located? Infer and explain if this is a positive or negative feedback
1) The cell body of the motor neuron is located in the ventral or anterior horn of the grey matter. From there, it extends to the motor unit. 2) Contraction refers to negative feedback in which the body reacts when facing a stimulus.
What is the anatomy of the spinal cord?The spinal cord is mainly composed of grey matter and white matter. The second one covers the first one.
The grey matter transversal section is composed of posterior, lateral, and anterior horns, also known as dorsal, lateral, and ventral horns, respectively.
Each type of horn contains a type of neuron.
In the posterior/dorsal horns, we can find sensory neurons that provide sensory information.In the thoracic area, we can find lateral horns with visceral motor neurons.
In the anterior/ventral horns, we can find motor neurons that extend to the skeletal muscle, which is the motor unit, to produce movement.
The motor neuron from the exposed example is located in the anterior or ventral gray horn.
This example refers to negative feedback because the neurotransmitter release causes a cascade effect that ends in muscle contraction, tending to suppress or counter the original stimuli.
Any change that might occur in the internal functioning will be countered by negative feedback to maintain homeostasis.
Negative feedback needs receptors, central control, and effectors.
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In each ecosystem, there are many feeding relationships. A food chain represents a flow of energy through an ecosystem, and always begins with an organism called a producer, which is able to trap light energy and convert it to chemical energy. An organism of this type is eaten by a herbivore, which is a kind of consumer that feeds only on plant material. This type of organism is, in turn, eaten by a carnivore (an organism that consumes other animals).
Rats are endothermic (warm blooded) animals. Explain why the physiology of a perch (an exothermic or cold blooded animal) would not support the metabolic needs of a rat.
They can readily adjust to any maximum temperature, allowing them to survive there. Rats were toasty endothermic animals. As a result, a rat's physiological needs wouldn't be met by the physiology of perches.
Animals having cold blood are those that are unable to adjust their internal body temperature in response to environmental changes. They are unable to endure high temperatures. Reptiles, fish, and other cold-blooded creatures are examples.
Animals with warm blood were those that have the ability to control and maintain a consistent body temperature. They could readily adjust to just about any temperature range, allowing them to survive there. Rats were warm-blooded endothermic animals. As a result, a rat's physiological requirements would not be met by the physiology of such a perch (an exothermic as well as cold-blooded species).
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10. Which organisms are responsible for spreading the heartworm?
Infections with the Dirofilaria worm result in the disease known as dirofilariasis. One type, known as "heartworm disease" in dogs, is brought on by D. immitis.
How long can a dog skip a dose of heartworm medication?If a dose is missed, the majority of monthly heartworm medications provide at minimum 15 days of protection. This implies that even if you are just a week two late, your pet is probably still protected at that period and won't likely contract the infection.
Can people contract heartworms?Heartworms can occasionally be contracted after already being bitten by an anopheles mosquitoes. However, because humans are not heartworms' natural hosts, the larvae typically move to the arteries and lungs where they die before maturing into adult worms.
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Select the correct answer. The energy entering this system is equal to the energy leaving the system. Based on the law of conservation of energy, how many units of energy are entering the system? Illustration of squared labeled system. The arrows on the right side line of the square and the bottom line of the square are pointing out with energy values 10 and 5 units. The arrow on the top line with question mark is facing into the square. A. 5 units B. 10 units C. 15 units D. 20 units
The units of energy entering and leaving the system total 15 units. (Option C)
Why do we have the above as the right answer?According to the rule of conservation of energy, "energy cannot be generated or destroyed; instead, it evolves from one form to another." Because you have not provided the given value, it is important to remember that the energy exiting the system equals the energy that entered the system.
In physics, energy is the quantitative quality that is imparted to a body or a physical system and is visible in the form of heat and light. The law of conservation of energy holds that energy can be transformed in form but cannot be generated or destroyed.
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Complete Question:
The energy entering the system is equal to the energy leaving the system. Based on the laws of conservation of energy, how many units of energy are entering the system?
5 units
10 units
15 units
20 units
When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, how many total hydrogens are generated in the thylakoid lumen?
When two molecules of water are oxidized by PSII, the total hydrogens generated in the thylakoid lumen is 4 hydrogen ions.
What are molecules?A molecule is de scribed as a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds.
The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in photosystems I, PSI, and photosystems II, PSII present in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
In the light reactions of photosynthesis, water molecules are oxidized to oxygen and ATP molecules are produced which drives the dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Thylakoids lumen are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria which are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
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Which of these is a source of food for plants?
A.
proteins found in animal tissues
B.
minerals dissolved in the soil
C.
water that falls from the atmosphere
D.
sugars made during photosynthesis
Answer:the answer is A
Explanation:
Claim:The survival trait became common in the bed bug population because their immune system got used to the chemicals causing them to mutate in order to survive.
What would be the evidence to support this.
The evidence that would support the claim the survival trait became common in the bed bug population because their immune system got used to the chemicals causing them to mutate in order to survive is the change in the allele frequency for the mutated gene variant in the population across generations.
What is a genetic mutation?A genetic mutation can be defined as any alteration in the genetic material of an organism that may be associated with a change in the phenotype when this mutation affects a gene that encodes for such trait.
A mutation may be beneficial, deleterious or neutral depending on the resulting phenotype and it may produce a positive change in the allele frequency in the case of positive germinal mutations.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that a genetic mutation may be beneficial and it may lead to a positive change in the allele frequency when it is a germinal beneficial mutation.
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There is iron in Hawaiian rocks. What does the presence of Iron tell scientists?
According to Humayun's hypothesis, chemical reactions between rock and liquid metal at the Earth's core-mantle border are what caused the extra iron to enter the mantle.
How iron is found in Hawaiian rocks?According to research by Professor Munir Humayun, the Earth's mantle beneath Hawaii has a higher iron content than other parts of the mantle. Hot plumes of solid rock from the core-mantle barrier or the deep mantle rise at rates of a few centimeters per year to form hotspot islands, such as Hawaii.
Seismologists have long hypothesized that the deep mantle of the Earth, which is the rocky layer 1,000 to 3,000 kilometers below the Hawaiian Islands, has a higher percentage of iron, but no one has ever exactly tested it, according to Humayun. One of the four primary elements that make up the mantle is iron.
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A person weighing 200 N on an elevator the elevator lifts the person 6 m in 8 seconds how much power was used
The power used is 150 W.
Power is defined as the amount of work done per unit time or the transfer of energy.
For the calculation of power, formulae are
[tex]P = \frac{W}{t}[/tex]
[tex]PE = mgh[/tex]
where
P = Power in Watts (W) or Joules/sec (J/s) or N.m/s
W = Work in Joules (J) or Newton-meter (N.m)
t = time in seconds (s)
PE = gravitational potential energy in Joules (J) or Newton-meter (N.m)
m = mass in kilogram (kg)
h = height in metres (m)
Given:
w = 200 N
h = 6 m
t = 8 s
Calculation:
PE = 200×6
PE = 1200 J
P = W/t
P = 1200J/8s
P = 150 Watts
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(30-50 words) Is the sickle cell allele dominant or recessive? Explain. What is sickle cell trait?
When lactate builds up in a runner's muscles, it causes a burning sensation.
What causes this to occur?
A. The muscles are using alcohol fermentation to generate energy.
B. The muscles do not have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration.
C. The muscles are producing too much acetyl CoA.
D. The muscles have too much oxygen, causing the production of glucose
Anaerobic respiration - There is a lack of oxygen in the runner's muscles.
What is Anaerobic respiration?
Respiration is a chemical mechanism that occurs in all living cells and converts glucose into energy. Anaerobic respiration happens in the absence of oxygen and generates less energy but is faster than aerobic respiration. Fermentation is the term for microorganisms' anaerobic respiration.
The muscles do not have enough oxygen for aerobic respiration, therefore anaerobic respiration takes place causing a burning sensation in the runner's muscles. The word "anaerobic" means "without oxygen." There is no need for oxygen in this type of cellular respiration to produce energy. Smaller animals require energy to survive inside the absence of oxygen because there is not enough oxygen available for them to breathe.
Hence, (option B) is correct.
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Identify and define the anther, stigma, style, filament, pistil, petal, stamen, ovary, sepal, and ovule
A: Ovule: Ovule is that part of the plant which forms the seed of flowering plant when fertilized.
B: Ovary: The ductless reproductive gland is known as the ovary. It houses a large number of ovules. It is the part of plant where seed formation takes place.
C: Style: The stalk that joins the stigma and the ovary is long and slender, like a tube called style.
D: Stigma: The receptive tip at the top of each carpel in the gynoecium of a flower.
E: Pistil: The female reproductive organ of a flower, the pistil is located inside and is made up of three parts: the stigma, style, and ovary. The term "pistil" refers to all of this.
F: Anther: It is a yellow, sac-like structure. The pollen is placed and stored in the anther.
G: Stamen: Also referred to as an androecium, this is the male reproductive component. It is made up of : filaments and anthers.
H: Filament: It is a thin, threadlike structure that supports the anther.
I: Sepal: The green portion that lies under the petals and shields developing buds is known as a sepal.
J: Petal: Petals are a modified version of leaves that are brightly colored to attract insects for pollination. Petals also protect the flower's reproductive parts.
What are the different components of a flower?
The Vegetative components of flower are: Petals and Sepals.The Reproductive components of flower are:Stamen, Anther, Filament, Pistil, Stigma, Style, Ovary.
How does flowers reproduce?
Flowers are a plant's reproductive organs that participate in sexual reproduction. It contains the female reproductive organ known as a gynoecium and the male reproductive organ known as an androecium. Through pollination, the androecium's pollen grains are delivered to the gynoecium's stigma. The male gametes are transferred from the pollen grain to the female gamete that is already present in the ovary through the pollen tube as it grows and develops. The zygote is created when the male and female gametes combine. The ovules become seeds, and the ovary becomes fruit. When these seeds are spread in the soil, they germinate and produce new plants.
Therefore, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J are Ovule, Ovary, Style, Stigma, Pistil, Anther, Stamen, Filament, Sepal and Petal, respectively.
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Which of the following is NOT an area of concern regarding the common type of waste management systems?
Responses
decomposition creates unsteady levels of energy
waste contains high levels of harmful bacteria
decomposition emits greenhouse gases
waste can end up in groundwater and lakes
The statement which is not an area of concern regarding the common type of waste management systems is decomposition creates unsteady levels of energy.
The first response is correct.
What is waste management?Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.
Waste management has impacts on the environment which we live. Poor waste management that ranges from non-existing collection systems to ineffective disposal causes air pollution, water and soil contamination.
Other types of waste like the open and unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause infection and transmit diseases.
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Answer: The correct answer is decomposition creates unsteady levels of energy
Explanation: This answer has been confirmed correct.
There are no areas of concern related to energy output from decomposition.
How did the accurrences of the different traits change over the 30-year period? Use euidence from the graph to support your answer. Using what you know about natural selection and adaptation, what generalization can you make based on these changes?
When changes occur to face environmental pressures, they must increase the individual's fitness to be favored by natural selection and result in adaptation. Between 1950 and 1980, individuals with half their bodies covered by plates decreased, while individuals with their whole bodies covered by plates increased.
How are adaptation and natural selection related?
Adaptations can be understood as the way in which different organisms manage to improve their fitness in the environment in which they live. To do it, they must adjust to the changes and selective pressures acting on them.
Adaptations involve changes and are usually related to mutations (let us remember that mutations are changes in DNA nucleotide sequences).
These changes must be beneficial for the individuals, meaning they must increase their fitness and make them more competitive.
If they do not increase their fitness (aptitude) they get lost.
If they increase the individual's fitness, they are selected by natural selection and transmitted through generations.
When natural selection favors a mutation, it sets it in the population and is inherited by the following generations. These mutations improve the individual's survival and reproductive rates. Hence, natural selection results in adaptation.
Image explanation
In the exposed example, we can see how the percentage of plates covering the animal's body changed through time.
At the beginning of the study (the year 1950), most animals had half of their bodies covered by plates (green bar), and only a few individuals had 2/3 bodies protected (orange bar).
As the lake changed its clarity, stickleback fishes with only half of their bodies protected got probably more exposed and easily seen by their predators. Their survival and reproductive rates decreased. From 1950 to the end of the study, their population size decreased significantly.
Predation acted as the environmental pressure. So the fish species needed to face this problem.
By 1960, a few individuals developed a new strategy. Their whole bodies were protected by plates (blue bar). This phenotype meant an increase in their survival and reproductive rates, so this strategy spread more in the population. Natural selection favored this change and set it.
By 1980 most individuals had their whole bodies protected by plates, and only a few of them still had half of their bodies covered. Since this turned out to be a beneficial change, population size started to recover.
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Why is water considered a good insulator?
Answer:
Water is a good insulator
Explanation:
This is because water is very healthy for our body making us not dehydrate
Simlies in science can you help compare theses word with things that are like it and does the same things outside the body???
Every action and movement your body performs is coordinated by the human neurological system.
What are the regulation by all system in the body?More specifically, homeostasis refers to the body's propensity to keep internal conditions like blood sugar and temperature at essentially constant and stable levels.
The receptor, which receives signals and responds to stimuli, the effector, and these three components together make up the regulatory system.
Therefore, The control center originates the signal, and the effector is responsible for transmitting the signals that are relayed from it.
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How does the process of crossing over improve biodiversity of a species?
Answer:
it gives us genetic variation
crossing over is where both parent cells mix to form unidentical daughter cells right, therefore when both genes mix, the offspring gets the mixture of both parents and that is genetic variation and it is also how you get biodiversity
Can humans ever directly see a photon?
Answer:
yes! Human eyes are specifically designed to detect light
Explanation:
Which of the following are outcomes due to the creation of synthetic fertilizers?
More food waste
Decreased food production
Less runoff pollution
Poor quality produce
Answer:
Poor quality produce
Explanation:
Because synthetic fertilizers are man-made,It has higher levels of Nitrogen and phosphorus which causes weak bones, increased diseases of heart and stroke tendency,hence poor quality products when compared with natural fertilizers
In which type of cell do both DNA replication and cellular respiration take place in the cytosol?
- Animal cell
-Fungal cell
-Plant cell
-Bacterial cell
Both DNA replication and cellular respiration take place in the cytosol of a Bacterial cell.
What is a bacterial cell?
Small, single-celled organisms called bacteria exist. Nearly all areas of the world are home to bacteria, which are essential to its ecosystems. Some species can survive in environments with high pressure and temperatures. In fact, it's thought that there are more bacterial cells in the human body than there are human cells. Bacterial cells don't have a nuclear membrane therefore both DNA replication and cellular respiration take place in the cytosol. Hence, bacterial cells do both.
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A bacterial cell makes binary fission many times and 16 calls are produced during two hours.What is the time taken by one binary fission?
a)30 minutes
b)60 minutes
c)45 minutes
d)20 minutes
Answer: 20 minutes
Explanation: Binary fission is a very quick way to reproduce. Some bacteria are able to divide themselves up every 20 minutes. A billion bacteria can be produced in this way from one bacterium in just ten hours given the right conditions.
With a greater understanding of the neurobiology of behavior and the role of physiology in behavioral expression, explain how this knowledge is important for understanding the variations of behavior in both humans and non-human animals. How is this important for understanding differences in behavioral expressions between species?
Neurobiology is scientifically studying how our nervous system and brain function, and its related structures such as the spine.
The field of neurobiology of behavior investigates how neurology influences behavior. The frontal lobe is linked to personality, judgment, problem-solving, abstract thought, attention, and other behaviors. Additionally, neurotransmitters are in charge of igniting, inhibiting, and modifying neurons that further influence human behavior. The study of physiology focuses on the origins of significant bodily functions, including hunger, behavioral potentials, innate drives, and many other situations that influence our behavior. The brain is where a living thing's genes and environment converge, or where nature and nurture interact. That is how the environment in our brain and our genes interact. Our environment has the potential to impact our genetically predetermined biochemistry and brain circuitry.
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Molecular basis of non infectious diseases
Answer:
BBA Molecular Basis of Disease addresses the biochemistry and molecular genetics of disease processes and models of human disease. This journal covers aspects of aging, cancer, metabolic-, neurological-, and immunological-based disease.
Explanation:
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22. Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fruit fly commonly used to investigate patterns of genetic inheritance. Flies with a curled wing mutation have deformed wings and cannot fly. Wild-type flies have normal wings.
Fruit fly eye colour is also under genetic control. Wild-type flies have red eyes while mutant flies have white eyes.
The image below depicts two flies that carry at least one of the mutant phenotypes described above.
a)
i. Define the term wild type. (1 mark)
ii. A pure breeding fly with normal wings and white eyes is crossed with a pure breeding fly with curled wings and red eyes. All of the F1 offspring produced have curled wings and red eyes. Based on this information, use appropriate allelic notation to identify the dominant and recessive alleles for each trait. (2 marks)
b)
Several crosses between an F1 individual from part a) ii. above and a pure breeding fly with normal wings and white eyes produce the following phenotypic results.
Curled wings red eyes = 410 flies; Normal wings white eyes = 470 flies
Curled wings white eyes = 81 flies; Wild type for both traits = 79 flies
Use this information to determine if these genes are linked or unlinked. Justify your answer. (2 marks)
ai. A wild-type species can be defined as a species whose genotype shows the normal genotype and there has been no mutation in the genetic sequence of the species.
aii. The allelic notation is as follows:
W = curled wings (dominant) w = normal wings (recessive)R = red eyes (dominant)r = white eyes (recessive)b. Based on the obtained phenotypic ratio of 6 : 1 :1 : 6 instead of the expected phenotypic ratio of 1 : 1 :1 : 1, curled wings red eyes as well as Normal wings white eyes are linked genes.
What are genotypes?Genotypes refer to the sum of the genetic makeup of a species. The genotype of a species refers to the sum total of the allele of a gene that an organism has.
The genotype of a species determines the phenotype of that species.
The phenotype refers to the physical expression of the genotype of a species.
Wid-type species are species that have not undergone a mutation.
Considering the given data:
W = curled wings is dominant
w = normal wings is recessive
R = red eyes is dominant
r = white eyes is recessive
b. The F1 generation be WwRr
The cross: WwRr x wwrr:
Expected genotypes (phenotypic ratio): WwRr x4 (curled red); Wwrr x4(curled white); wwRr x4(normal red); wwrr x4 (normal white)
Phenotypic ratio = 1 : 1: 1 : 1
Obtained genotypes (phenotypic ratio): 470 : 81 : 79 : 81 = 6 : 1 : 1 : 6
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2) Jessica and Maria are both making slime with different recipes. Jessica’s recipe calls for \large 1\frac{1}{2} cups of flour and Maria’s recipe calls for \frac{2}{3} cups of flour. How many cups of flour will they need in order to make both of their batches of slime?
With the help of fraction addition it is found that 13/6 cups of flour will be needed to make both of Jessica and Maria's batches of slime.
How are fractions added?
There are three easy steps to add fractions:
Step 1: First, ensure that the denominators (bottom numbers) are the same. If the denominators are not same take their LCM to make the denominators same.
Step 2: Add the higher numbers (the numerators), then multiply the result by the denominator.
Step 3: Simplify the fraction.
Amount of flour required in Jessica's recipe = 1 and 1/2 cups (mixed fraction) = 3/2 cups Amount of flour required in Maria's recipe = 2/3 cups.
Here the denominators of the fractions 3/2 and 2/3 are not same, therefore we need to find the LCM (lowest common factor) of 2 and 3 in order to make the denominators same for addition. The LCM of 2 and 3 is 6.= 3/2 + 2/3 = 9/6 + 4/6 = 13/6
Thus 13/6 cups of flour are needed to make both of their batches of slime
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Explain how the prairie is different now from how it was in the past.
Answer:
something
Explanation:
Explain cellular respiration
Answer:
cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water.
6) What is the inorganic compound that is included in the
structure of DNA building unit? ?
Ribose sugar.
Phosphate group.
Thymine base.
O Deoxyribose sugar.
Inorganic compound that is included in the structure of DNA building unit is Phosphate group
An inorganic compound is the substances that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen and a great many inorganic compounds do contain hydrogen atoms and such a water and hydrochloric acid produced by your stomach and the sugar in the DNA molecule id deoxyribose and the one RNA ribose sugar and this is the phosphates based on the inorganic compound phosphoric acid means H₃PO₄ and they react with the sugar in the nucleotides to form ester bond
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How did Democritus contribute to the understanding of matter?
A
He saw the first atom under a microscope.
B
He is credited with first proposing the idea of atoms.
C
He is credited with being the first to think of elements combining to make more complex forms of matter with his idea of fire, water, air, and earth.
Democritus contribute to the understanding of matter as He is credited with first proposing the idea of atoms.
Democritus, state that atoms are definitive to the material they are composed of . In addition, Democritus believed that the atoms differed in size and shape, and their motion is also constant. when they collided with each other they get rebound or stick together.
Democritus state that all matter was formed of different types of tiny discrete particles . Democritus was the first person in the development of the atomic theory of the universe.
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