the rate at which the entropy of the two reservoirs changes is 0.00390837931 kw/k .
What is entropy ?
Entropy, a measure of a system's thermal energy per unit temperature not available for useful work. Work is obtained from molecular motion, the amount of entropy is a measure of the molecular disorder or randomness of a system. The concept of entropy gives us deep insight into the direction of spontaneous change in many everyday phenomena. Introduced in 1850 by German physicist Rudolf Clausius, it is the pinnacle of 19th-century physics.
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what is the melting point of a solution that is formed when 130 g of ethylene glycol (c2h6o2) is dissolved in 1.00 kg of water?
The melting point of a solution that is formed when 130 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) dissolved in 1.00 kg of water is -6.518C.
What is melting point?
Melting point is the temperature at which substance changes state from solid to liquid. Different solids have different melting points. This depends on the pressure which is usually taken as standard pressure that is 1 atmosphere or 100kPa.
The melting point for the given solution can be calculated as,
Number moles of ethylene glycol is calculated as,
n = m / M = 130 g / 62 gmol^-1 = 2.096 mol.
m is mass, M is molecular mass.
Then the molality of the solution is calculated,
Molality = n / mass of solvent in Kg = 2.096 mol / 1 kg = 2.096 mol/kg
The Kf of ethylene glycol = -3.11
Melting point = Kf x molality = -3.11 x 2.096 = -6.518C.
Therefore, the melting point of a solution that is formed when 130 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) dissolved in 1.00 kg of water is -6.518C.
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pls help and explain why
The picture shows the balancing of chemical equations. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is:
2 Na + 2 H₂O ---> 2 NaOH + H₂What are balanced chemical equations?Balanced chemical equations are equations in which the number of moles of atoms of elements that are reacting is equal to the number of moles of atoms of the elements that are produced.
The balancing of chemical reactions follows the law of conservation of mass which states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another.
Hence, in a balanced chemical equation, the mass of the reactants is equal to the sum of the mass of the products.
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given the rate at which human activity is increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, why can't we expect the natural carbon dioxide cycle to prevent global warming?
the human activities like coal tar minings, foctory out let releasing the carbon gases out with out filtering, air polluting activities, over using personal vehicles for unnecessary activities, and many other reasons that are briefly explained below
what is global warming?
a steady rise in atmospheric temperature often attributed to the greenhouse effect brought on by higher quantities of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
The quantity of carbon dioxide emitted by human activity each year is at least 60 times greater than that produced by volcanoes. Large, ferocious eruptions may, for a few hours, match the pace of human emissions, but they are too uncommon and brief to come close to the yearly emissions of humans. In fact, the annual carbon dioxide emissions from a few specific U.S. states exceed those of the planet's entire active volcanoes.
In 2015, around 40 billion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide were released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity, mostly the burning of coal and other fossil fuels, but also cement manufacture, deforestation, and other landscape changes. The Global Carbon Project estimates that since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, human activities have contributed more than 2,000 billion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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The force between electrically charged particles depends on the magnitude of each charge, their separation distance, and what else?.
When charged matter is placed in an electromagnetic field, it experiences a force due to its physical attribute of electric charge.To understand more about the force between electrically charge particles, we should grasp the idea of Coulomb's Law. It explains that the interaction between charged items is a non-contact force that operates over some distance.On the other hand, magnetic forces could also be generated by moving electric charges. It is categorized as a force due to the motion of the charged particles.
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what is the empirical formula of a compound that contains 60% titanium and 40% oxygen by mass?
The empirical formula of a compound that contains 60% titanium and 40% oxygen by mass is TiO₂.
How to calculate empirical formula?Empirical formula is a notation indicating the ratios of the various elements present in a compound, without regard to the actual numbers.
The empirical formula of a substance can be calculated as follows:
Ti = 60g ÷ 47.87g/mol = 1.25molO = 40g ÷ 16g/mol = 2.5molNext, we divide each mole value by the smallest as follows:
Ti = 1.25mol ÷ 1.25 = 1O = 2.5mol ÷ 1.25 = 2The empirical ratio of Titanium and oxygen is 1:2, hence, the empirical formula is TiO₂.
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At room temperature , 15.0 grams of zinc will occupy
At room temperature 15 grams of zinc will occupy 2.10 cm3
What is density of an element?
When atoms occupy a specific volume of space, their mass and number are measured by the periodic table's element densities. The quantity of mass in a particular volume, commonly expressed as grams per cm3 or g/cm3, is the density, which is a measurement of the number of particles in a certain volume of a substance.
Given the mass of zinc is 15 grams.
The density of zinc in room temperature is 7.14 g/cm^3
Density = mass/ volume
Volume = mass / density
Volume = 15/ 7.14 = 2.10 cm3
Hence, at room temperature 15 grams of zinc will occupy 2.10 cm3.
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what is the mass percent (m/m), of a solution prepared from 50.0 g nacl and 150.0 g of water? what is the mass percent (m/m), of a solution prepared from 50.0 g nacl and 150.0 g of water? 25.0% 40.0% 3.00% 0.250% 33.3%
The correct answer is 25%. Option A.
Solution:
mass of NaCl (solute) = 50 g
mass of H2O (solvent) = 150 g
Mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
= (50 + 150) g
= 200 g
Concentration of mass% (m/m) = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100 %
= (50/200) x 100 %
= (0.25) x 100 %
= 25.0%
Therefore answer is 25.0% (m/m)
The mass percentage is calculated by dividing the mass of one component by the total mass of the mixture and multiplying by 100%. A mole fraction is a unit of concentration defined as the number of moles of a component divided by the total number of moles in the solution. Solution mass percent is defined as the mass of solute present per 100 grams of solution.
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The best term to use to describe turning from a liquid to a gas is ____________.
Answer:vaporization
Explanation:
The table shows the nature of the reactants and products formed in a certain type of chemical reaction. Nature of Reactants and Products Reactants Products Ionic compound + Ionic compound Ionic compound + Ionic compound Which of the following is true about this type of chemical reaction? Question 5 options: It is a single replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different. It is a double replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different. It is a single replacement reaction, and each compound has the same set of ions. It is a double replacement reaction, and each compound has the same set of ions.
Based o the nature of the reactants and products:
It is a double replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different; option B is correctWhat is the chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is a reaction that results in changes in the chemical properties of substances.
A chemical reaction results in the formation of new products.
There are several types of chemical reactions such as:
Single replacement reactions - this is a type of reaction in which one element replaces the radical in another chemical compound.This is illustrated as follows: AB + C ---> AC + B
Double replacement reactions - this is a type of reaction in which the negative radicals in two chemical compounds are exchanged between the metallic or positive radicals in each chemical compound.This is illustrated as follows: AB + CD ---> AC + BD
Hence, two ionic compounds react to produce two iob=nic compounds.
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17. in general, molecules and ions always follow the octet rule unless it is impossible. the three types of exceptions are molecules/ions with too few electrons, molecules/ions with an odd number of electrons, and molecules/ions with too many electrons. a. which atoms sometimes have fewer than 8 electrons around them? give an example. b. which atoms sometimes have more than 8 electrons around them? give some examples. c. why are odd- electron species generally very reactive and uncommon? give an example of an odd-electron molecule.
Boron and beryllium sometimes have less than 8 electrons around them, Sulphur sometimes has more than 8 electrons around it and odd electron species are reactive because of their instability and their examples ate NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.
a. The example of the atoms which sometimes have fewer than 8 electrons around them are Boron and beryllium.
b. The example of the atom with sometimes have more than 8 electrons around them is Sulphur.
c. The odd electrons species generally are very reactive and uncommon because there highly unstable.
To achieve stability the readily reacts with other compounds in order to complete their octet and achieves stability. They are very uncommon because when they are formed, they tend to break the octet rule which is not very frequently observed in the atoms. The example of odd electrons species are NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.
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if the half life of radium-223 is 12 days, how long will it take for 100 atoms of radium-223 to decay with only 25 atoms of radium-223 left?
It will take 24 days for 100 atoms of radium-223 to decay with only 25 atoms of radium-223 left
What is half life?Half-life is the time required for a quantity to a radioactive substance reduce to half of its initial value. The term is often used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly an unstable atom radioactively decays or how long a stable atom survives. The term can also be used to characterize any type of exponential decay.
Given,
Half life of radium-223 = 12 days
If 100 atoms decay leaving 25 this means = 3/4 decay
Aₓ = A₀ × [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]
Where, Aₓ = the amount left after t years
A₀ = the initial quantity of the substance that has to be decayed
[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] = the half-life of the decay
So, for 3/4 decay:
A₀ × 1/4 = A₀ × [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]
1/4 = [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]
[tex](\frac{1}{2} )^{2}[/tex] = [tex](\frac{1}{2}) ^{\frac{t}{t_{1/2} } }[/tex]
[tex]\frac{t}{t_{1/2} }[/tex] = 2
Since, Half life of radium-223 = 12 days
then,
t/12 = 2
t = 12 × 2
t = 24 days
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Which model is useful in showing the reactivity of potassium?
Neither model is able to show the reactivity of potassium.
Model 1 because it shows an electron in the 4s orbital.
Model 2 because it shows an electron in the outermost ring.
Both models because each shows an electron in the outermost shell.
Both models are useful to describe the reactvity of potassium because each shows an electron in the outermost shell.
What are the valence electrons?Valence electrons can be described as the s and p electrons in the outermost shell while the electrons present in the inner shell are called core electrons.
Valence electrons can be all arranged in different shells and are negatively charged particles. These electrons are responsible for chemical interaction between atoms and the formation of chemical bonds.
Only the electrons present in the outermost shell can contribute in the formation of a chemical bond and decide the reactvity of atom such type of electrons is called valence electrons.
The reactivity in potassium can be seen due to one electron present in the valence shell.
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lactic acid has a pka of 3.08. what is the approximate degree of dissociation of a 0.42 m solution of lactic acid?
The approximate degree of dissociation is 4.45%.
Degree of dissociation:
The degree of dissociation is the phenomenon of generating current-carrying free ions, which are dissociated from the fraction of solute at a given concentration.
The degree of dissociation is another way of determining the strength of a base. It indicates the fatty acids that were released from a base when it dissociates in water.
The formula for degree of dissociation:
α λ λ α λ λ α = λ c λ 0
where λ λ λ c is the molar conductivity of weak electrolyte at “C” (concentration)
λ λ λ 0 is the molar conductivity of weak electrolyte at "0".
Ka = C∝²
∝ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{Ka}{C} }[/tex]
Ka = [tex]10^{-3.08}[/tex] = 8.32×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
C = 0.42
Putting these values in the equation we have:
∝ = [tex]\sqrt{\frac{8.32 * 10^{-4} }{0.42} }[/tex]
= 4.449 ×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]
= 0.04449
The degree of dissociation is 4.45%
Therefore the degree of dissociation is 4.45%.
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18 in scientific notation
Move the decimal so there is a non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point. The number of decimals you move will be the exhibitor on the 1010. If the decimal has been moved to the right, the exponent will be negative. If the decimal has been moved to the left, the exponent will be positive.
[tex]1.8 \times 10 { }^{1} [/tex]
Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment given it's endpoints (-3, 7) and (3,-5)
Answer:
(0,1)
Explanation:
Endpoints (-3, 7) and (3,-5)
The midpoints will be the average of the x and y coordinates:
Midpoint for x = (-3+3)/2 = 0
Midpoint for y = (7-5)/2 = 1
(0,1)
3. All chemical reactions, whether they are endothermic or exothermic, must reach a particular activation energy to get started.
Describe the difference between reactions that have high activation energy and reactions that have low activation energy
Explanation:
for reactions to occur, the reactants must've reach a certain amount of energy for collisions to occur. hence, if a reaction has a lower activation energy, this energy can be reached sooner therefore, reaction would occur faster.
the radioactive half-life of a material is the time for group of answer choices its decay rate to reduce to half. half of an original quantity of the material to decay. both of these neither of these
The radioactive half-life of a material is the time for both of these. Option C.
The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay. Certain radioisotopes have a constant half-life. It is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of its isotope. Half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a particular radionuclide to decay.
As a rule of thumb after 7 half-lives, the radiation dose is less than 1% of the original dose. The half-life is then determined from the basic definition of radioactivity as the product of the decay constant λ of the radionuclide and the number of radioactive atoms N present. Half-life is defined as The time required for half of an existing radioactive nucleus to decay. That's what it means to have a short half-life. Activity declines rapidly because many nuclei decay in a short time.
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50 POINTS
Which chemical formula most likely describes ozone?
O A. O
OB. 03
OC. 0₂
O D. 000
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Ozone (O3) is a gas which is present naturally within Earth's atmosphere. It is formed of three oxygen atoms (giving it the chemical formula, O3).
Please help me I've been stuck on this for hours at this point don't bother providing an explanation I need answers
Answer:
I'm not entirely sure about questions 3-5, but I am going to assume you want the products.
3. [tex]Al + O_{2} = AlO_{2}[/tex]
4. [tex]2 Mg + Zn(NO_{3})_{2} = 2 Mg(NO_{3}) + Zn[/tex]
5. [tex]BaCl_{2} + Na_{2}SO_{4} = BaSO_{4} + 2 NaCl[/tex]
As for questions 6-8, it is quite simple,
6. Synthesis Reaction
7. Single Displacement Reaction or another name is Substitution Reaction
8. Decomposition Reaction
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what are the formulas of the compounds that correspond to the names given in the following table? compound name formula carbon tetrabromide cobalt(ii) phosphate magnesium chloride nickel(ii) acetate calcium nitrate
the formulas of the compounds that correspond to the names carbon tetrabromide cobalt(ii) CBr4 co(ii), calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x.
Tetrabromoethane, commonly called carbon tetrabromide or CBr4, is a kind of carbon tetrabromide. It is used as a sedative, an intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, a solvent for greases, waxes, and oils, and in the blowing and vulcanization processes in the plastic and rubber industries. It is a component of compounds that are fire-resistant since it is not flammable. Because of its high density, it is also employed in the separation of minerals. An inorganic substance having the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x is calcium nitrate, popularly known as norgessalpeter (Norwegian Salpeter). The infrequently encountered anhydrous chemical turns into the tetrahydrate by absorbing moisture from the atmosphere. Salts come in both colorless anhydrous and hydrated forms. There are other uses for calcium nitrate besides being a component of fertilizers.
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a buffer is formed by adding 1.0 mol of methylamine, ch3nh2, and 1.0 mol of methylammonium, ch3nh3 , in a 1.0 l container. if a 10.0 ml sample of this buffer is diluted to 1000 ml with water, what is the ph of the diluted buffer? for methylamine, kb
If a 10.0 ml sample of this buffer is diluted to 1000 ml with water,the ph of the diluted buffer is 9.26.
pH of Buffer Solution can be calculated as :
pH = pKa - log ( [ Salt ] / [ Base ] )
Since Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
then , pKb = 4.74
Since , pKa + pKb = 14 \Rightarrow pKa = 9.26
Initial concentration of NH3 and (NH4)+ is 1 M.
Now 10 mL of the sample is taken and diluted to 1000 mL
Since , M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 is the Molarity of the solution before dilution and V1 is the volume taken ( M1 = 1 M ; V1 = 10 mL)
M2 is the Molarity of the solution after dilution and V2 ( V2 =1000 mL ) is the Final volume of the solution.
M2 = M1V1 / V2 \Rightarrow M2 = ( 1 x 10 ) / 1000 = 0.01 M .
Final concentration of NH3 and (NH4)+ in the sample is 0.01 M.
then , [ Salt ] / [ Base ] = 1
Since , log( 1 ) =0
Then pH = pKa = 9.26
The pH of the Buffer solution is 9.26.
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which of the following are non-conservative properties of a deep water mass? 1. temperature 2. dissolved gases (o2, co2) 3. salinity 4. nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silica)
Option 4. nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silica) are non-conservative properties of a deep water mass.
The non-conservative factors like phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), and carbon (C) or dissolved inorganic carbon found in seawater are chemically or biologically reactive. Conservative elements have longer residence instances. that is the purpose these factors make up the majority of the sea's dissolved materials.
Sodium and chloride are nonconservative constituents of seawater. Non-conservative pollutants approach pollutants that are presumed to be destroyed, biodegraded, chemically converted, or volatilized within the POTW to some diploma.
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Chlorine gas will react with iron metal.
Exactly 21.3 g of chlorine reacts with 11.2 g of iron.
How many iron atoms react with 30 molecules of chlorine?
A 10
B 15
C 20
D 30
According to stoichiometry and balanced chemical equation 10 iron atoms react with 30 molecules of chlorine.
What is stoichiometry?Stoichiometry is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.
Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.It is important in balancing chemical equations.It is useful in chemical calculations while making solutions of different concentrations.
Two atoms of iron reacts with 6 molecules of chlorine , so for 30 molecules of chlorine it is, 30×2/6=10 atoms of iron.
Thus, 10 atoms of iron will react with 30 molecules of chlorine.
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Identify the overall molecular dipole moment of water using a vector arrow.
The overall dipole moment of the water molecule is shown in the image attached.
What is dipole moment?We know that there is a dipole that exists in a molecule when there is an electronegativity difference between the atoms that are in the molecule. In the case of the water molecule, there is an electronegativity difference that exists between the atoms of the water molecule.
Now, hydrogen is the positive end of the dipole and the oxygen is the negative end of the dipole. We have seen the structures of the dipole moment. Now, the overall dipole moment of the water molecule is shown in the image attached.
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4. If the relative molecular mass of CH₂O is 60, calculate its empirical formula. (C = 12, H = 1, O=16)
If the relative molecular mass of CH₂O is 60, the molecular formula of the compound would be [tex]C_3 H_6O_3[/tex].
Molecular formulaThe empirical formula of a compound is the formula based on the simplest whole number ratio of the component atoms. The molecular formula could be in multiples of the empirical formula.
The empirical and the molecular formulas of a compound are related by the following equation:
[empirical formula]n = molecular formula
Where n = molecular formula mass/empirical formula mass
In this case, the relative molecular mass is 60. The empirical formula mass can be calculated as:
CH₂O = (12) + (2x1) + (16)
= 40 g/mol
Thus:
n = 60/40
= 1.5
Therefore, the molecular formula would be: [CH₂O]1.5 which is equivalent to [tex]C_3 H_6O_3[/tex]. This is because atoms combine in simple whole number ratios.
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What type of solution contains more solute than would normally dissolve at that temperature?
Super saturated solution is a term used to describe a solution that contains more solute than the saturated solution at a particular temperature.
What kind of solution liquefies a substance more quickly?Your solution is referred to as unsaturated if you can continue to add solute while it still dissolves. Your solution is saturated when it can no longer dissolve any more solute at a particular temperature.
What sort of solution exceeds the maximum solute concentration?A solution that, under the same circumstances, contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution is said to be supersaturated. The link between temperature and a substance's solubility is displayed by a solubility curve.
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the fat, tripalmitin, when hydrolyzed with aqueous naoh followed by acidification with hcl yields glycerol and palmitic acid. if 0.018 mol of tripalmitin is hydrolyzed, what is the theoretical yield of palmitic acid in moles?
When 0.018 mol of tripalmitin is hydrolyzed, the theoretical yield of palmitic acid will be 0.054 moles.
The hydrolysis of tripalmitin with NaOH is saponification where a glycerol compound and fatty acids are released. Thus the fatty acids combined with the Na ion further react with the acid HCl forming a salt. Tripalmitin is a triglyceride obtained from 3 hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic acid (hexadecanoic). Thus, this hydrolysis yield carboxylate salt and alcohol called a saponification reaction.
Hydrolysis of 1 tripalmitin releases 3 fatty acids hence, for 0.018 moles, palmitic acid yielded is,
= 0.018 × 3
= 0.054 moles.
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When the kinetic energy of an object changes, there must be some other change in energy at the same time?
When the kinetic energy of an object changes, the motion of that object also changes at the same time.
The amount of energy that a body posses by virtue of its motion is known as Kinetic energy. Therefore, kinetic energy can only be found in objects which are in motion. The amount of Kinetic energy is calculated as follows:
K = 1 /2 mv²
Where, K represents the kinetic energy, m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity or the speed of the object at which it is moving.
If the kinetic energy of the body increases then the motion of the body also increases and if the kinetic energy decreases then the velocity also decreases.
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I need help with question 11
Nucleus 2: ¹⁸₈F
Nucleus 4: ¹⁹₈F
(Isotopic notation are similar as nuclear notation, or the atomic mass, symbol, and atomic number.)
Question 1: (answer in place of item 15)
Use what you know about valence structure to predict how chlorine will bond with Silicon.
Extra Credit: What shape do you predict this molecule will take?
Question 2:(answer in place of item 16)
In a chemical reaction explain 2 things that are always the same on the reactant and product side and one thing that might change in the course of the reaction.
Question 3:(answer in place of item 17)
Use what you know about electronegativity to predict the relative strength of the bond between CaO (Calcium Oxide) and NiO (Nickel II Oxide).
Question 4:(answer in place of item 18)
Balance: NO + H2O → NH3 + O2
List the amounts of Nitrous Oxide, Water, Ammonia, and Oxygen in the balanced equation.
Question 5:(answer in place of item 19)
Titration reveals that 14.0 mL of 2.0 M sulfuric acid are required to neutralize the sodium hydroxide in 25.00 mL of NaOH solution. What is the molarity of the NaOH solution?
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Na2SO4(aq)
1)The bond between silicon and chlorine will be covalent bond.
2) The mass and amount of atoms are same . bonds between atom will change.
3) the balanced reaction is :
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
1) The valence electron in silicon is 4 and the valance electron in chlorine is 7 . there is not much difference in their electronegativity . so, they do not form ionic bond they will form covalent bond.
2) In a chemical reaction the 2 things that are always same is the amount of atoms and the mass . the one thing that will change is the bonding between the atoms.
3) the reaction is :
NO + H₂O ----> NH₃ + O₂
reactants products
N 1 1
O 2 2
H 2 3
hydrogen is not balanced . so multipy 3 in H₂O and 2 in NH₃ and 2 in NO 5/2 in O₂
2NO + 3H₂O ----> 2NH₃ + 5/2O₂
now the reaction is balance . to make it whole number multiply thae whole equation with 2, we get:
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
Thus, 1)The bond between silicon and chlorine will be covalent bond.
2) The mass and amount of atoms are same . bonds between atom will change.
3) the balanced reaction is :
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
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