A homozygous round seed in the f2 generation has the same pair of alleles and a heterozygous one has two different alleles.
Humans have two sets of Chromosomes. Allelic pairs are categorized using the terms homozygous and heterozygous. Homozygous individuals are those who have two copies of the same allele (RR or rr). While heterozygote refers to a particular organism with different alleles (Rr).
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two competing theories about the source of oxygen in photosynthesis were tested in the 1940s-50s using radioactive isotopes. about what did the theories disagree?
Theories that were obtained while doing research using radioactive isotopes disagree as to whether the [tex]O_{2}[/tex] produced during photosynthesis came from [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] (carbon dioxide) or [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] (water).
Most scientists believed that plants produced [tex]O_{2}[/tex] by removing it from [tex]CO_{2}[/tex] in the 1800s. In the 1950s, researchers tested this theory by tracking the fate of oxygen atoms during photosynthesis using the heavy oxygen isotope [tex]^{18}O[/tex].
There was two experiments:
1. A plant exposed to [tex]^{18}O[/tex]-containing carbon dioxide produced no labeled oxygen gas ([tex]^{18}O[/tex] containing).
2. A plant given [tex]^{18}O[/tex] water produced tagged [tex]O_{2}[/tex].
These investigations demonstrated that the [tex]O_{2}[/tex] produced during photosynthesis is derived from [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] rather than [tex]CO_{2}[/tex].
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the physical symptoms of cholera present only after a specific series of events has taken place. what is the most likely sequence of events in the pathogenesis of v. cholera
Cholera spreads via the fecal-oral pathway. The most likely progression of events in the pathogenesis of V. cholera:
The oral-fecal route is how cholera is spread. Since they are susceptible to acid, most vibrio's pass away in the stomach. Virulent organisms that survive may stick to and colonize the small intestine, where they release the strong cholera enterotoxin (CT, also known as "choleragen") that causes cholera. This toxin attaches to the intestinal epithelial cells' plasma membrane and releases an enzyme-active component that increases the generation of cyclic adenosine 51-monophosphate (cAMP). Electrolytes and water are secreted in large quantities into the intestinal lumen as a result of the elevated intracellular cAMP level and cause diarrhea.
1 V. cholerae is ingested via contaminated water.
2 V. cholerae reaches the intestine after surviving transit through the stomach.
3 Cholerae cling to pili.
4 Cholera toxin is produced by V. cholerae.
5 A profuse, watery diarrhea is caused by the destruction of the host intestinal cells.
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in pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color, are crossed. what percentage will have white flowers?
In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. two plants, both heterozygous for the gene that controls flower color, are crossed the white flower percentage will be 25%.
In the given question, the allele for a dominant trait is dominant to the purple flower.
The allele for the dominant flower is- P
The two genotypes for the dominant trait- PP
The allele for the white flower is - p
Therefore genotype for recessive trait- pp
The heterogeneous trait will be: Pp
Gene crossing:
If the cross is made between two white flowers that are between Pp x Pp
P p
P Pp Pp
p Pp pp
The probability of a white flower will be 1/4 which means 25%.
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which of the following events occur during prophase? i. centrosome duplication ii. centrosome movement to the spindle poles iii. centrosome organization of the spindle apparatus
Both of the following events occur during prophase.
In both mitosis and meiosis, the prophase is the initial phase of cell division. When the cell reaches prophase, DNA replication has already started after interphase. The chromosomes condense, the centrosomes shift, the mitotic spindle forms, and the nucleoli begin to degrade. These are the key processes of prophase.
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which of the following best describes the effect of insulin binding to the receptor on the osteoblast cells? responses insulin binding ultimately increases pancreatic secretion of additional insulin. insulin binding ultimately increases pancreatic secretion of additional insulin. insulin binding blocks the release of osteocalcin from the osteoblasts. insulin binding blocks the release of osteocalcin from the osteoblasts. insulin binding inhibits the expression of espesp. insulin binding inhibits the expression of e s p . insulin binding increases the phph of the extracellular matrix.
Insulin binding ultimately increases pancreatic secretion of additional insulin.
Insulin binding to the insulin receptor on osteoblasts stimulates a signalling pathway, causing the release of the chemical OPG by the osteoblasts, which then binds to the nearby osteoclasts. The osteoclasts react by releasing protons (H+), which lowers the pH outside the cell. Osteocalcin, a protein released by osteoblasts in an inactive state, is activated by this low pH.
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the one term the amoeba sisters don't mention in their discussion of other effects is? epigenetics multifactorial pleiotropic polygenic
They are referred to as polygenic characteristics. Each gene's allele has a negligible additive influence on the phenotype.
Is an amoeba a virus or bacteria?
Prokaryotes include bacteria. A eukaryote is an amoeba. A few organelles as well as genuine nuclei are absent. Several organelles & nuclei are present in these eukaryotes.
Can you treat amoeba?Antibiotics are used in the treatment of amebiasis to eradicate the infection. Whether or not you are experiencing symptoms will determine which antibiotics your doctor recommends. Even if you are symptom-free, you could still require one sort of antibiotic. You might need to use two separate antibiotics if you do exhibit symptoms.
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what is the term that describes the amount of air moved in each breath multiplied by the respiratory rate?
Minute volume is the term that describes the amount of air moved in each breath multiplied by the respiratory rate.
In the field of biology, minute volume can be described as the approximate measure of the volume of air that is moved in or out of the lungs by a person during a time frame of one minute.
Minute volume is a measure of the approximate air that a person can either inhale or exhale so that the average respiratory rate of a person can be known.
Through the calculations made by minute volume, doctors can decide whether the lungs of a function are working properly or not. If the minute volume is lower than average, then this means that the lungs of the person have been damaged.
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vince stains dna with a dna-binding dye. what suborganellar structures will become visible after staining?
The suborganellar structure that will become visible after staining is nucleoid.
In the field of biology, nucleoid can be described as a region inside the prokaryotic cell in which the DNA is present.
The prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus like the eukaryotes. Hence, the region where the genetic material of the prokaryotes is present is an irregular shaper structure referred to as the nucleoid.
When DNA is stained with a DNA-binding dye, the suborganellar structure that will become visible will be the nucleoid as it is the region where the DNA is present.
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lupus and multiple sclerosis result when the immune system: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices responds too strongly and attacks the body's own tissues. responds too weakly and allows the body's tissues to be attacked. underreacts and allows bacterial infections to flare. underreacts and attacks the body's own tissues.
Lupus and multiple sclerosis results when immune system: responds too strongly and attacks body's own tissues.
What happens in lupus and multiple sclerosis?MS and lupus are autoimmune diseases caused when immune system attacks their own normal tissues. Myelin coating of nerves is targeted in MS whereas skin, kidneys and other organs are affected in lupus.
Inflammation caused by lupus can affect different body systems including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, brain, heart and lungs.
It is very unlikely to have both MS and lupus but it's common for someone with MS to be incorrectly diagnosed with lupus because of common symptoms.
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why does the glucose concentration in the urine within the urinary bladder become zero in these experiments?
More glucose transporters lead to greater absorption of glucose.
What changed as the number of glucose carriers rose in terms of the amount of glucose found in the urine.a person's heart rate. For further information, Investigating the Impact of Glucose Carrier Proteins on Glucose Reabsorption. As the number of glucose carriers increased. The level of glucose was reduced.
What is the name of the glucose loss in the urine?When blood sugar (also known as blood glucose) enters the urine, you get glycosuria. Any liquid that travels through your kidneys will normally cause blood sugar to be absorbed back into your blood vessels. When you have glycosuria, your kidneys might not be able to remove enough blood sugar from your urine.
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what is the theory for the evolution of anxiety disorders? a. as a result of an evolutionary cost/benefit analysis of anxiety b. anxiety developed as a reaction to stress c. random mutation caused the evolution of anxiety d. none of the above
As a result of an evolutionary cost/benefit analysis of anxiety
Disabilities include anxiety illnesses including OCD, panic disorders, phobias, or PTSD. As a result, they are able to receive Social Security disability benefits. People must demonstrate that their condition is so crippling that it keeps them from working.
What about anxiety disorders?Nearly 30% of adults experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives, making it the most prevalent of all mental disorders. However, there are a variety of efficient therapies for anxiety disorders. Most persons who receive treatment can live regular, fulfilling lives. The most typical form of anxiety disorder is GAD. The primary symptom of GAD is overly worrying about various things to do and occasions. If you have GAD, you could experience frequent feelings of anxiety. When someone is having a panic attack, they experience a variety of physical symptoms as well as strong, overpowering, and frequently uncontrollable feelings of anxiety. Shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, and heavy sweating are all signs of a panic attack. When the body's normal reactions to stress are too strong and interfere with your capacity to function and complete everyday chores, you experience severe anxiety. Even though most people experience some anxiety, especially when confronting a challenge or new experience, extreme anxiety can be debilitating. Hyperchondria is a very uncommon form of illness anxiety problem. About 0.1% of Americans are impacted. In early adulthood, it usually manifests. All ages and genders are susceptible to illness anxiety disorder.Learn more about anxiety disorders here:
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At the end of DNA replication, there should be a total of....
A. 8 SINGLE strands of DNA
B. 2 DOUBLE stranded DNA helixes
C. 10 SINGLE strands of DNA
D. 5 DOUBLE stranded DNA helixes
Answer:
my guess if I remember correctly I think the answer is b
At the end of DNA replication, there should be a total of B. 2 DOUBLE stranded DNA helices. During DNA replication, the DNA double helix unwinds, and each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.
DNA replication is a fundamental process in which a cell produces two identical copies of its DNA molecule. It occurs during the cell cycle's synthesis (S) phase, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. The replication process begins with the unwinding of the DNA double helix. An enzyme called helicase unwinds and separates the two strands of the DNA molecule by breaking the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs.
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linked genes are a. are located on the same chromosome b. have no alleles c. have more alleles than usual d. are located on different chromosomes
linked genes are located on the same chromosome
Linked genes would be those who reside on the same chromosome. When meiosis occurs, alleles for such genes often segregate collectively unless they could be dispersed through crossing over.
Within the same chromosome could be linked genes. X-linked genes are found on the X chromosome, while genes that are sex-linked have been found on a sex chromosome. Linkage maps that depict the positions of genes across chromosomes are created using the frequency of genome crossing-over.
Genes are referred to as linked once they were located close to one another on the same chromosome. This means that the alleles, as well as gene variants, that are already present on one chromosome would most likely be inherited together.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (a)
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Antivirus software prevents infection by recording key attributes about your files and checking to see if they change over time in a process called?.
cancer occurs when multiple choice cells are unable to divide because of a mutation. faulty spindle fibers are unable to pull chromatids apart. apoptosis occurs. the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs. the dna of a cell becomes mutated.
Uncontrolled cell growth is cancer. Gene mutations can increase the pace of cell division or suppress natural mechanisms that keep the body in check, like cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death. A tumor can form as a collection of malignant cells enlarges.
Cancer cells disregard signals from the body to cease dividing. Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a natural process that your body uses to get rid of cells that are no longer needed.Changes (mutations) to the DNA within cells are what lead to cancer. A cell's DNA is organized into a huge number of distinct genes, each of which carries a set of instructions outlining the functions and growth of the cell.To know more cancer
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Please see the screenshot below.
Thanks :)
Answer: option a
Explanation: humidity is moisture in the air the hotter the air is the hotter the moisture in the air will be which means it willbe hotter
which statement best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis? a. to inhibit ca2 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. to inhibit the function of acetylcholinesterase c. to decrease the number of synaptic vesicles d. to increase the number of acetylcholine receptors e. to promote multiple motor unit summation
To increase the number of acetylcholine receptors best describes the goal of medications used to treat myasthenia gravis.
Myasthenia gravis is a persistent autoimmune, neuromuscular disorder that reasons weak spot withinside the skeletal muscular tissues that worsens after durations of interest and improves after durations of rest. These muscular tissues are chargeable for features concerning respiration and shifting components of the body, such as the palms and legs.
How critical is myasthenia gravis?
The maximum critical headaches of myasthenia gravis is a myasthenia crisis. This is a circumstance of excessive muscle weak spot, especially of the diaphragm and chest muscular tissues that assist respiration. Breathing can also additionally come to be shallow or ineffective.
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social monogamy is rare in mammals but common in birds. what difference is hypothesized to explain this observation?
Social monogamy is uncommon in mammals but prevalent in birds because it is often accompanied by parental care.
What are the three 3 types of monogamy?Various combinations of societal monogamy, physical monogamy, and genetic monogamous may exist. People do not always marry to maintain social monogamy. A culturally committed relationship is virtually always one that is married.
What is toxic monogamy?Toxic monogamy is defined as "monogamy as a cultural force [that] has been perceived and practised in ways that are toxic" by Hillary Berry in the article "Toxic Monogamy Culture." In the media, cultural conventions, and expectations of society, these concepts are frequently glorified or maintained.
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how many days does it take for the entire epithelial population of the small intestines to be replaced
The whole epithelial populace is replaced about every four to 7 days.
The small gut consists of 3 elements duodenum jejunum and ileum. It enables to similarly digest food popping out of the stomach. It absorbs nutrients and water from meals and makes them to be had to the frame. The small gut is a part of the digestive device. A healthful bowel movement usually consists of frivolously formed, brown stools that are not unfastened, difficult, or painful.
There's no ideal wide variety of epithelial population moves for all and sundry. The common healthy variety is 1-3 bowel movements consistent with day or simply 3 bowel moves per week. The liver is responsible for the manufacturing of most of these clotting factors. a number of those elements require nutrition k for synthesis, and the liver produces bile salts which might be essential for the intestine to soak up this fats-soluble diet.
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4. What are the parent genotypes for pea seed color shown in this Punnett 1 point
Square?
Y
у
Yy
У
у
Yy
Homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive
Heterozygous and homozygous recessive
Heterozygous and heterozygous
Heterozygous and heterozygous dominant
Homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive are the parent genotypes for pea seed color shown in this Punnett 1-point Square.
The genotypes of both parents must be known in order to create a Punnett square. The alleles of one parent are listed at the top of the table, and those of the other parent is listed on the table's left side. The resulting kid genotypes are produced at the intersection of the parent's alleles.
The genotypes PpYY, PpYy, ppYY, and ppYy are among the options. For a 1:1 ratio of each phenotypic, the first two genotypes would produce plants with purple flowers and yellow peas, whereas the second and third genotypes would produce plants with white flowers and yellow peas.
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A long string of codons for amino acids, uninterrupted by a stop codon is called?.
Answer:
open reading frame
Explanation:
DNA molecule converted to amino acids as stated and has no stop codons = open reading frame
guayule (parthenium argentatum) is a plant originating in mexico that is used to produce rubber. scientists used artificial selection to breed guayule with a relative plant from utah, parthenium ligulatum, and produced a hybrid plant that transferred cold tolerance to guayule. in this example, plant growth habits and leaf shape are components of that enabled cold tolerance, and the transferability of these traits is an example of .
Rubber is made from the Mexican plant known as guayule (Parthenium argentatum). Guayule were bred via artificial selection.
What is genetic diversity and what are the various causes of genetic variation?Genetic variation is the diversity in the conventional genetic expression. At the time of meiosis, mutation and recombination result in genetic differences. Mutations are frequently caused by chemical or biological mutagens. Genetic variety is also impacted by random mating between organisms.
What three factors influence genetic variation that natural selection uses?Mutation, which can produce completely new alleles in a population, random mating, random fertilization, and recombination between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, which reorders alleles within an organism's progeny, are all possible sources of genetic variation.
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These goats are eating grass on a sunny day. What is happening to the carbon in the air around the living things on the mountain? is carbon moving into the air, moving out of the air, or both?.
(b) "Carbon is moving into the air and out of the air at the same time." is what is happening to the carbon in the air around the living things on the mountain.
The carbon cycle is nature's method of recycling carbon atoms, which repeatedly go from the atmosphere into Earth's living things and back into it. The majority of carbon is kept in rocks and sediments; the remainder is kept in the ocean, atmosphere, and living things.
The carbon cycle describes how an ecosystem's biotic and abiotic components exchange this element. For biological systems to survive in the natural world, the carbon cycle is essential. Therefore, the Carbon is simultaneously going into and out of the air (Option B).
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Question correction:
goats are eating grass on a sunny day. What is happening to the carbon in the air around the living things on the mountain? Is carbon moving into the air, moving out of the air, or both?
a. Carbon is only moving into the air; it is not moving out of the air.
b. Carbon is moving into the air and out of the air at the same time.
c. Carbon is not moving into the air; it is only moving out of the air.
d. With this information, there is no way to know for sure.
9. during fertilization in flowering plants, one sperm cell nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus, producing the diploid zygote, and the other fuses with the , producing the triploid , which develops into temporary tissue that nourishes the embryo. this process is called fertilization. what tissue nourishes the embryo in gymnosperm seeds?
The other sperm nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei, producing the triploid cell, which develops as temporary tissue that nourishes the embryo. This process is called double fertilization. The tissue that nourishes the embryo in gymnosperm seeds is the endosperm.
What is double fertilization?Of the two sperm cells, one sperm fertilizes the egg cell, forming а diploid zygote; the other sperm fuses with the two polаr nuclei, forming а triploid cell that develops into the endosperm, temporary tissue that nourishes the embryo. Together, these two fertilizаtion events in аngiosperms аre known аs double fertilizаtion. Аfter fertilizаtion is complete, no other sperm cаn enter. The fertilized ovule forms the seed, where the tissues of the ovаry become the fruit, usuаlly enveloping the seed.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your question was
The other sperm nucleus fuses with the ..., producing the triploid ..., which develops as temporary tissue that nourishes the embryo. This process is called ... fertilization.
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Which of these could lead to the conversion of a proto-oncogene into an oncogene?.
Activation is the process through which a proto-oncogene becomes an oncogene. A number of genetic processes, such as transduction and insertional mutagenesis, can activate proto-oncogenes.
What function do oncogenes serve in cancer?They also control the cell cycle & apoptosis, as well as cell development, differentiation, and proliferation. Growth factors, growth factors, signal transducers, transcriptional, apoptotic regulators, and chromatin remodelers are some of the byproducts of oncogenes.
What sort of oncogene is that?The HER2 gene, which generates the HER2 protein, is an illustration of an oncogene. This protein aids in regulating the growth and division of healthy breast cells. Extra copies of the this gene may result in an overproduction of the HER2 protein, which accelerates cell growth.
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swelling; fluid leaks out into tissue spaces: a.edema b.dyscrasia c.ecchymoses d.autologous transfusion e.petechiae
Edema occurs when fluid leaks into tissue spaces during swelling.
What is edema?
Edema, as mentioned, is the swelling that is caused due to excess fluid in our body’s tissues. It may effect any part of our body, but most commonly is noticed in hands, feet, ankle, etc. Your skin can be stretched due to edema, and the swelling can increase, if not treated on time and cause serious health issues.
There are many causes of edema which include pregnancy, medications, infections and even excess sodium. It is also caused due to congestive heart failure or a block in leg vein.
Therefore, edema is nothing but swelling caused due to excess accumulation of fluid in tissues.
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g the increase in action potential conduction velocity due to myelination can best be explained by which of the following? a. a decrease in membrane capacitance. b. a decrease in membrane resistance. c. a decrease in longitudinal resistance.
The best can be explained as "the increase in action potential conduction velocity due to myelination" is a decrease in membrane capacitance.
What happened if the resistance of the membrane is increased?If the resistаnce of the membrаne is increаsed, more of the depolаrizing current pаsses down the аxon аnd dischаrges the cаpаcitor on the membrаne. Thus insulаting the membrаne with myelin increаses the pаssive spreаd of current аnd increаses conduction velocity. Decreаsing the membrаne cаpаcitаnce аlso increаses conduction velocity. Аdding myelin increаses the thickness of the membrаne cаpаcitor, which decreаses its cаpаcitаnce. Increаsing the diаmeter of the аxoplаsm decreаses the internаl resistаnce, which fаcilitаtes pаssive spreаd of current аnd increаses conduction velocity.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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What is a dog? Pleas help I need to know
Answer:
a quadrupedal mammal who is often called man's best friend
which of the following foods contains phytates? a. rhubarb b. beet greens c. sweet potatoes d. legumes
Legume are the food that contains phytates.
Phytates phytic acid is found in whole grains, seeds, legumes, some nut It helps to lower the absorption of iron, zinc, magnesium, and calcium.
Phytic acid are commonly found is found in sesame seeds, linseeds, and sunflower seeds. Dry fruits contain a high amount of phytic acid in its natural form. that is why the soaking of nuts in water or dehydrating them at a low temperature breaks down some of the phytic acid. Legumes a class of vegetables that includes beans, peas and lentils are among the most versatile and nutritious foods available.
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PLSSS HELP IF YOU TURLY KNOW THISS
Answer:
It’s D
Explanation:
Answer:
d) Decomposer
Explanation:
Decomposer is the organism that digests the waste and remains of dead producers and consumers. Therefore, the option (d) is the correct answer.