The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has strengthened auditor independence by requiring that management Report the nature of disagreements with former auditors.
What Is the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?
An independent federal government regulatory body, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), is in charge of safeguarding investors, ensuring the fair and orderly operation of the securities markets, and promoting capital formation. It served as the nation's first federal securities market regulator after being established by Congress in 1934. The SEC encourages complete public disclosure, defends investors from dishonest and market-manipulating techniques, and keeps an eye on corporate takeover activities in the country. The SEC collaborates with the Justice Department on criminal matters and has the authority to pursue civil lawsuits against violators of the law.
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extreme sports, a bicycle, atv, and motorbike retailer, buys its inventory on credit. before extreme pays for this merchandise in 60 days, the money owed is classified on its balance sheet as a(n)
Extreme Sports, a bicycle, ATV, and motorbike retailer, buys its inventory on credit. The money owed is classified on its balance sheet as a(n)--account payable.
What is Account Payable?The accounts payable department is responsible for the financial, administrative and clerical support of a business. They are responsible for making payments owed by the business to suppliers and other creditors, paying supplier bills or bills, and recording the short-term liabilities of the business.
What qualifications do you need for Accounts Payable?Accounts Payable Specialists must have at least a high school diploma or GED certification. Some employers prefer candidates who also have an associate's degree in accounting or another related field. Related courses include economics, accounting principles, spreadsheets, computerized accounting, and taxation.
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the united states raised the dollar price of gold by nearly $15 per ounce in 1934. what was the result?
The result of raising the dollar price led to consumer prices getting doubled.
In the United States, consumer prices have approximately doubled since the Roosevelt government increased the dollar price of gold in 1934. As a result, gold's price had to climb since the dollar was overpriced in relation to gold until gold was abandoned as the foundation for a medium of exchange. American officials, on the other hand, claimed that the $35 price of gold was "immutable."
In order to avoid being caught with too many dollars on their hands, foreign creditors would instigate a run on the gold supply if they felt that this country was about to devalue. Everyone who had dollars in their possession before the devaluation would experience significant losses since more dollars would be needed to purchase a given amount of gold.
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suppose the monopolist has total fixed costs equal to $5 and a variable cost equal to $4 per unit for all units produced. what is the total profit if she operates at her profit-maximizing price?
Currently, the monopolist is maximising its earnings, which total $250.
a market arrangement in which there is just one seller and only one type of goods available. As the only vendor of the goods with no viable alternatives, the seller in a monopoly market has no rivals.
How is monopoly profit determined?
The average cost (AC) curve is used by monopolists to determine their production costs, which are then deducted from total revenue to determine their profit or loss (TR). Remember that businesses use their average cost (AC) to evaluate profitability from earlier lectures.
There are three main strategies for maximising monopolies' positive social effects: lowering or eliminating entry barriers through antitrust laws to allow rival businesses to enter the market; controlling the monopoly's pricing;
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barbara's bakery purchased three new 7-year assets last year. she chose not to use section 179 immediate expensing or take bonus depreciation. the furnishings were purchased for $15,000 in april, the equipment for $6,000 in july, and the appliances for $40,000 in november. what amount of depreciation expense is allowable in the current (second) year of ownership?
The amount of significant improvements you make to the property will raise your basis, whereas the amount of depreciation deductions you claim on your tax return will lower it.
How does depreciation affect the tax basis of an asset?Depreciation lowers the amount of taxes an organization or business pays by tracing the decline in the value of an asset or assets.A company's depreciation expense reduces the amount of earnings on which taxes are based, thus reducing the amount of taxes owed.The depreciation expenses =( $15,000 × 17.85%) + ( $6000 × 10.71%) + ($40000 × 3.57%)
= $2677.50 + $ 642.6 + $ 1428 = $ 4748.
Normally, we use the half-year approach for assets bought throughout the year, but in this case, we utilized the midpoint as the majority of the assets were bought in the final quarter of the year.=Assets purchased in last quarter / Total assets purchased in the year × 100.
= 40000/61000 ×100 = 65.57
= 65.67 (It exceeds 40%).
Therefore, for the seven-year assets that we buy this year, we can utilize the mid-quarter mars depreciation rates.To Learn more About tax return Refer to:
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Assume that large-company stocks had an average rate of return of 18. 5 percent over the past 55 years while T-bills returned an average of 2. 4 percent and inflation averaged 1. 8 percent. Given this, the real return on large-company stocks was:
A. 13. 56 percent
B. 12. 49 percent
C. 16. 40 percent
According to the given information, the real return on large company stocks was 16.40 percent.
The Fisher equation, which shows the exact relationship between normal interest rates , real interest rates, and inflation, is:
( 1+ R ) = ( 1+r )( 1+h)
( 1+ 0.185) = ( 1+r)( 1+ 0.018)
r = [ ( 1+0.185)/ ( 1+ 0.018)] - 1
r = 0.1640 or 16.40%
Hence, the real return on large company stocks was 16.40%.
What do you mean by Fisher equation?
The Fisher equation is a concept in economics that describes the relationship between nominal and real interest rates under the effect of inflation. The equation states that the nominal interest rate is equal to the sum of the real interest rate plus inflation.
The Fisher equation is often used in situations where investors or lenders ask for an additional reward to compensate for losses in purchasing power due to high inflation.
Inflation + Real Interest Rate = Nominal Interest Rate
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n 2021, joan accepted and received a $10,000 award for outstanding civic achievement. joan was selected without any action on her part, and no future services are expected of her as a condition of receiving the award. what amount should joan include in her 2021 gross income in connection with this award? $4,000 $0 $10,000 $5,000
The gross income in connection with this award of Mr. Joan will be $5000 with the connection of the award received.
What is Gross income?An individual's gross income (also known as payroll gross wages) is an individual's gross income before taxes or other deductions. This includes income from any source, not just employment, and is not limited to cash income. It also includes any property or services received.A company's gross revenue is total sales minus the cost of goods sold.An individual's gross income forms part of the income tax return and, after certain deductions and allowances, is adjusted gross income and is taxable income.Individuals may also be asked to provide gross income when trying to obtain a loan.Companies often use gross revenue rather than net income to better estimate a company's product-specific performance.gross income is interchangeable with a gross profit or gross profit. A company's total revenue, as reported on the income statement, is all sources of income less the company's cost of goods sold (COGS).To know more about gross income refer to:
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what is the basic shortcoming of most ratios and rules of thumb used in commercial real estate investment decisions as compared to a discounted cashflow model?
Most ratios and general rules of thumb have the significant flaw of ignoring cash inflows and outflows that are likely to happen beyond the first year of operations.
What is mean by cash inflows and outflows ?Every source of income that your business receives as a result of its operations is referred to as cash inflow. This includes all profit-generating methods. All debts, obligations, and operating expenses are included in the term "cash outflow"—that is, any money that leaves your company.Cash inflow examples include consumer payments, investment returns, and interest you receive on debts you have made to another firm.The following are some examples of cash outflows: payments made to settle debt, such as bank loans. monetary resources utilized to buy any fixed assets. the distribution of dividends to shareholders. Paid to employees are salaries and wages.To learn more cash inflows refer to:
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7. michael has an investment with the following annual returns for four years: what is the arithmetic mean (am) and what is the geometric mean (gm)?
michael has an investment with the following annual returns for four years then AM = 7.67%, GM = 5.60%.
What do you mean by arithmetic mean?The arithmetic mean is defined as the ratio of the sum of given values to the total number of values.
What do you mean by geometric mean?Whereas in geometric mean, we multiply the “n” number of values and then take the nth root of the product.
The relationship between arithmetic mean, geometric mean, and HM can be represented by the formula AM × HM = GM2. The geometric mean (GM)is equal to the product of the arithmetic mean (AM) and the harmonic mean (HM) .
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https://brainly.com/question/2292573#SPJ4on a balance, sheet, the value of the merchandise or products that the firm has on hand to sell to customers is called
On a balance, sheet, the value of the merchandise or products that the firm has on hand to sell to customers is called Accounts receivable.
Merchandise is the practice and technique of showing and promoting products to customers. whether digital or in-save, shops use merchandising to persuade client rationale and reach their sales goals.
A vending company is a commercial enterprise that purchases completed merchandise and resells them to customers. remember your neighborhood grocery store or retail apparel save. each of these is vending company.
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suppose that a small town wants to install street lamps, which are nonrival in consumption and nonexcludable. each of the 25 people in the town value street lamps according to the given schedule. street lamps each cost $250 to install. use this information to answer the questions. what is the socially optimal number of street lamps?
6 street lamps are the socially optimal number of street lamps
The entire profit to society from making or victimization associate degree items or services is thought of as social profit. All non-public advantages, furthermore as any external advantages of production/consumption, square measure enclosed within the social profit. workers worth quite simply their salary; social perks have big in importance for businesses and square measure an essential call. Considering employment provides for one's well-being (which interprets into performance) at the organisation
Externalities square measure circumstances during which the result of a manufacturing or intense product and services imposes prices or advantages on others that don't seem to be drawn within the costs charged for such products and services.
The socially best range of street lamps would be the amount, wherever the incremental cost of putting in a lamp is adequate the utility of the road lamp. The incremental cost is $250. There square measure twenty-five folks, thus we are able to see that for 6 street lamps, the utility would be 250.
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Answer:
The socially optimal number of street lamps will be 6
The maximum number of street lamps that will be built by the remaining five people will be 0
Each person be taxed to pay for the optimal number of street lamps if everyone is taxed equally will be $60
suppose you are the head of the central bank with a mandate to maintain the price level at its current value (this is called price-level targeting). explain what you would do to the money supply in response to each of the following events. a. real gdp increases by 4% due to an expansion during the year. b. real gdp falls by 1% due to a recession during the year. c. real gdp grows by 3% a year, every year. d. the velocity of money increases by 2% during the year. e. the velocity of money falls by 1% during the year.
An increase in real GDP by 4% during the boom period means the income of the nation has increased and the nation's spending capacity has increased. So the demand for money will increase.
A decline in real GDP By 1% during a recession causes the demand for money to fall. At the existing interest rate there will excess supply of money which will lead to inflation so, to keep the price level fixed money supply should be reduced.If real GDP Is increasing at 3% per year then the money supply should also be increased by 3% per year to keep prices fixed.An increase in the velocity of money by 2% will increase the supply of money leading to rising in prices so to keep prices fixed Central bank should reduce the supply of money.The decline in the velocity of money by 1% will reduce the supply of money so keep the price level fixed at a constant value Central banks should increase the money supply.Learn more about GDP here: https://brainly.com/question/1383956
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which of the following are reasons why a firm may choose to use non-financial criteria, rather than financial, to accept a strategic project? multiple select question. capture greater market share. to enhance government intervention and regulation. to develop a product that will increase sales in other more profitable areas.
To make certain the decision model contains only tangible criteria.
What are non monetary standards for project selection?Non-Financial Considerations: An company must reflect onconsideration on many non-financial factors when deciding on a project. These can encompass environmental impact, social and purchaser impact, and adherence to business enterprise goals and values
Why are non-financial elements important?By monitoring non-financial factors early, executives and managers make better decisions concerning wished adjustments. They can figure out to proceed for example, whether a purchaser service seminar is necessary. If the trouble is drastic enough, they can even determine who have to be let go.
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https://brainly.com/question/28465040#SPJ4given the growth in telecommuting and other mobile work arrangements, how might offices physically change in the coming years? will offices as we think of them today exist in the next ten years? why or why not?
Working from home is a "game plan" that representatives devise with their "bosses" that allows them to "telecommute" or travel to a more remote location "rather than" driving "into the corporate office."
Working from home or a flexible office space outside of an employer's actual office location is referred to as telecommuting. Telecommuters communicate with coworkers and clients via phone and internet. Telecommuting has been a popular choice for workers with dependable internet and phone access since it removes time-consuming commutes to and from an office building. Over 26 million Americans currently work from home at least part-time.
Telecommuting, on the other hand, refers to employees who work part-time or full-time from their homes and may visit a central office on occasion. People frequently use the terms telecommuting and remote work interchangeably.
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based on the accenture survey on sources of risk that affect global supply chain performance, which of the following was found to have affected the highest percentage of supply chains? group of answer choices volatility of fuel prices customs delays inflexible supply chain technology shortage of skilled resources
The biggest proportion of supply chains were found to have been impacted by gasoline price volatility.
What is meant by volatility?a propensity for abrupt and unpredictable change. price turbulence the stock market's erratic behavior; a propensity to erupt in rage or violence. the region's instability The rate that the market of a stock rises or falls over a specific time period is known as volatility. Stock price volatility is usually correlated with increased risk, which helps investors predict probable future swings.
Why is the price of fuel so volatile?If there is a disruption in crude oil supplies, refining activities, or gasoline pipeline deliveries, gasoline prices may vary quickly. Gas prices fluctuate due to seasonal changes in consumption even while crude prices are steady.
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when a consumer makes an online purchase directly through social media without using a company's website, it is considered blank . multiple choice question. mobile marketing social commerce showrooming webrooming
When a consumer makes an online purchase directly through social media without using a company's website, it is considered social commerce. The correct answer is option B.
Social commerce uses social media sites for the promotion and sale of goods and services. Customers can make purchases using this kind of selling model without leaving social networking apps.
Customers can utilize social commerce to research products, engage with customer service and make purchases. It may be because social commerce offers a more convenient and engaging shopping experience that it is gaining popularity. By 2026, it is predicted that social commerce would have a global value of $2.9 trillion.
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mike is involved in a severe car accident. mike is rendered unconscious as a result of the accident. an ambulance arrives and drives mike's lifeless body to the er. mike makes a full recovery. four months later, he receives a bill from the ambulance service. mike pays the bill. which best explains his business relationship with the ambulance service?
Mike receives a bill from the ambulance service after an accident. He entered into an implied contract with the ambulance service.
Parties thought a contract existed based on activity, or rejecting the contract's existence would bring undue enrichment to one of the parties, therefore an implied contract, which does not have expressly specified terms, is still deemed to exist. There are two types of implicit contracts: implied-in-fact and implied-in-law contracts.
When promises between parties are inferred from their deliberate actions and one party knows—or at the very least has reason to believe—that the other party would view the action as consent or agreement—an implied-in-fact contract is created.
For instance, if a customer accepts the services of a business or purchases goods from that business, they are responsible for paying the reasonable worth of such goods or services (e.g., barbershop, vending machine). Here, the contract was implied between ambulance service and Mike.
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percy corporation was formed on january 1. the corporate charter authorized 100,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. during the first month of operation, the corporation issued 340 shares to its attorneys in payment of a $5,400 charge for drawing up the articles of incorporation. the entry to record this transaction would include:
The organization's expenses should be debited for $5,400.
Step 1. Calculate the Common stock
Common stock = Number of shares × values per share
= 340 × $10
= $3,400
Therefore, the Common stock is $3,400
Step 2. Determine the entry to record the transaction:
organization's expenses are debited $5,400
Common stock is $3,400 are Credited.
Paid in total in excess of per value $2,000 are Credited.
The organization's expenses should be debited for $5,400.
common stock is a form of corporate fairness ownership, a sort of security. The phrases vote casting proportion and ordinary percentage also are used often outdoors in America. they are referred to as equity shares or everyday shares within the united kingdom and different Commonwealth nation-states. This type of proportion gives the stockholder the right to percentage in the income of the organization, and to vote on matters of company policy and the composition of the contributors of the board of administrators.
The owners of commonplace stock do not very own any precise property of the company, which belong to all the shareholders in not unusual. An agency may additionally issue each ordinary and preference stock, wherein case the desired shareholders have precedence to get hold of dividends. within the event of liquidation, normal shareholders acquire any remaining funds after bondholders, creditors (such as employees), and desired shareholders are paid. when the liquidation takes place through financial ruin, the ordinary shareholders usually receive nothing.
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suppose that, because of inflation, people in brazil economize on currency and go to the bank each day to withdraw their daily currency needs. this is an example of
Brazil economize on currency and go to the bank each day to withdraw their daily currency needs This is an example of shoe leather costs.
What are the economic costs of inflation?
In this frugality, inflation can put only two real expenses the less effective system of transactions that affect from holding lower plutocrat balances and the essential to change posted charges more constantly.
What are the main effects of inflation?Inflation raises charges, lowering your purchasing power. Inflation correspondingly lowers the valuations of pensions, savings, and Treasury notes. Capital similar as real estate and collectibles generally keep up with affectation. Variable interest rates on loans increase during inflation.
What are shoe leather costs?
Shoe- leather costs relate to the time and trouble it takes you to minimize the concussion of inflation on your finances. The term comes from the physical shoe leather that people would do in out while forming repeated passages to the bank
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the government is deciding where to put a $1 tax-either in a market with elastic supply and demand curves, or a market with inelastic supply and demand curves. if their aim is to raise the most revenue with the smallest deadweight loss, where should the tax be placed?
In the market with inelastic supply and demand curves the tax should be placed if their aim is to raise the most revenue with the smallest deadweight loss.
In economics, a demand curve is a graph that shows the relationship between a commodity's price and the amount that is desired at that price. Demand curves can be applied to both the price-quantity relationship for a single consumer as well as for all consumers in a given market.
In the context of accounting, revenue refers to the total income from sales of products and services that are directly related to the company's core operations. Sales or turnover are two other terms for commercial revenue. Interest, royalties, and other fees are sources of income for some businesses. Sales, sales revenue, or net sales are all terms used to describe a company's primary sources of income.
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during which stage of the industry life cycle would a firm experience stable growth in sales? a. consolidation b. relative decline c. maturity d. start-up e. stabilization
The stage of the industry life cycle in would a firm experiences stable growth in sales is consolidation.
In a commercial enterprise, consolidation or amalgamation is the merger and acquisition of many smaller companies into a few a good deal larger ones. in the context of monetary accounting, consolidation refers back to the aggregation of economic statements of a collection organization as consolidated financial statements.
The taxation term consolidation refers back to the treatment of a group of groups and different entities as one entity for tax purposes. below Halsbury's laws of Britain, 'amalgamation' is defined as "a mixing together of or greater undertakings into one challenge, the shareholders of each mixing corporation, becoming, notably, the shareholders of the blended undertakings. There may be amalgamations, both by means of a switch of two or greater undertakings to a brand new business enterprise or the switch of one or greater organizations to a present organization".
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antitrust laws are designed to a. reduce utility rates b. lower taxes c. create more jobs d. maintain competition
Answer:
A reduce utility rates
Explanation:
a company plans to sell shares of a new issue, but only in the state of pennsylvania. in order to qualify for a registration exemption under rule 147, what percentage of the corporation's assets must be located in pennsylvania, or what percentage of its revenues must be derived from pennsylvania sources at the time of the offering?
In order to qualify for a registration exemption under rule 147, 80% of the corporation's assets must be located in Pennsylvania, or 80% of its revenues must be derived from Pennsylvania sources.
In order to raise money without actually registering with the Securities and Exchange Commission, a company may use Rule 147. It is also referred to as the "safe harbor" rule, and it typically only affects small businesses looking to raise capital locally without paying the high registration costs required by the SEC.
Modifications to the requirements followed changes to the rule. Officers, partners, or managers of the company must primarily direct, control, and coordinate the operations of the business within the state in order to be eligible for Rule 147 and Rule 147A. The company may only sell securities to people who are either in-state residents or who the company has a good faith belief are in-state residents. A minimum of one of the following "doing business" requirements must also be met by the business:
At least 80% of the company's total gross revenues were generated by operating a business, renting out real estate, or providing services within the state.The firm had at least 80% of its total assets in the state.The company intends to use and actually does use at least 80% of the net proceeds from the offering for operating a business or owning real estate within the state, buying real estate within the state, or providing services within the state.Most of the company's workers are based in the same state.Learn more about Rule 147, here
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cutter enterprises purchased equipment for $57,000 on january 1, 2021. the equipment is expected to have a five-year life and a residual value of $7,500. using the double-declining-balance method, depreciation for 2021 and the book value at december 31, 2021, would be:cutter enterprises purchased equipment for $57,000 on january 1, 2021. the equipment is expected to have a five-year life and a residual value of $7,500. using the double-declining-balance method, depreciation for 2021 and the book value at december 31, 2021, would be:
Cutter enterprises purchased equipment for $57,000 on January 1, 2021. depreciation for 2021 and the book value on December 31, 2021, would be $22,800 and $34,200.
Double Declining Depreciation for 2021 22800 is 57000*40% Book value at December 31, 2021, is 34200, which is 57000-22800.
Despite being another word for a for-profit business or organization, the word "enterprise" is most frequently related to entrepreneurial endeavors. Those who are successful in business are frequently referred to as "enterprise." Legal businesses come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but the most popular ones in the US. All of the items of equipment listed on any given Equipment Schedule are referred to as Items of Equipment and are included in this term. Items of Equipment refers to the equipment covered by this tender's scope of supply and for which separate price quotes are required. 1. A laptop computer and any necessary accessories.
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as a manager, what actions would you take if an operations employee with six years of experience on the job refused ongoing training and ignored performance feedback?
Ensure that your employees are not overwhelmed but challenged by their jobs. Create a working environment that is tidy, well-organized, and comfortable for them to work in. Tasks should be delegated appropriately, and opportunities to use each employee's strengths should be sought.
What can an employee anticipate from their manager?Employees expect their managers to be open and honest about the business's operations. Good managers communicate directly with their employees about the challenges and expectations of the company in order to foster a positive work environment.
How is the Operations Manager's life?Tasks administrators wear many caps, and engage with different parts of the business. They can work with finances, resources, risk management, and finding ways to cut costs while still increasing efficiency as part of their job. Their work requires a significant amount of communication.
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david purchases a 15-year bond which pays semiannual coupons at a discount. the amount for amortization of the discount in the 14th coupon payment is 578.58. the amount for amortization of the discount in the 28th coupon payment is 1145.55. what is the value of the discount?
The value of the discount is 33.98$ according to the given equation, on the semiannual coupons.
What does a discount imply for business purposes?A corporation will give a product or service at a reduced price as a sales discount. Learn the steps for adding discounts to invoices. A sales discount, sometimes referred to as a "discount," provides customers with a cheaper price on one or more of the products or services being offered by a firm.
What distinguishes a significant discount?The first step in the customer acquisition process is creating awareness and interest, and discounts are a tried-and-true method to do that. Discounts attract customers and frequently spread through word-of-mouth, which is a successful strategy for reaching new customers while minimizing customer acquisition costs.
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a respondent indicated she redeemed a coupon at walmart last week but later indicated that she had not visited a walmart in over two weeks. this type of response poses a problem of
This type of response poses a problem of consistency. We frequently place more emphasis on the result than the process, which makes consistency challenging.
To put it another way, we are more drawn to the satisfying sentiments of successful ends than to the difficulty of the process. Most of us give up during the hardship before we can benefit from perseverance. The urge to continue doing something you are no longer interested in is one of the hazards of consistency." You will also reach a point where the effort needed to finish it is greater than the benefit.
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he natural level of output is the amount of real gdp produced a. when the economy is at the natural level of aggregate demand. b. when the economy is at the natural rate of unemployment. c. when the economy is at the natural level of investment.
The natural level of output is the amount of real GDP produced b. when the economy is at the natural rate of unemployment.
Real GDP is essentially a measure of a country's total economic output, adjusted for changes in prices. The value of real GDP reflects a country's economic statistics at a macro level.
When real GDP produces natural output, that is, the output level is in line with the equilibrium of the labour market when the real price level is equal to the expected price level. Then the economy makes the most of its productivity, including fully utilized labour, which means that the economy is at the natural rate of unemployment.
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companies seek to access international markets as a means of . multiple choice question. avoiding competition increasing their economic value creation developing transnationalism and ethnocentrism participating in a uniform market
Companies seek to access international markets as a means of increasing their economic value creation.
According to the conventional understanding of international trade, each nation produces things and provides services that are then exported as finished items to consumers overseas. However, only around 30% of all commerce in products and services in the modern global economy is of this type.
Exports from one nation to another frequently involve intricate interactions between numerous domestic and international suppliers. More than ever, businesses' strategic decisions to invest, outsource, and conduct operations wherever the necessary resources and skills are offered at a competitive price and quality determine trade.
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the commodity chain concept allows us to see how consumption is the final step in a series of activities a. retailing b. value-adding c. manufacturing d. none of the above
The commodity chain concept allows us to see how consumption is the final step in a series of Retailing, Value-adding, manufacturing activities.
What is commodity chain concept?A commodity chain is a procedure used by businesses to collect resources, turn them into products or commodities, and then distribute them to customers. A commodity is created as a result of a network of connections between various production and distribution locations and is then traded on the global market.
Value chains, also referred to as commodity chains, are a progression of steps that are influenced by the location and accessibility of raw materials, the cost of production, and the location of the primary markets for consumption. This process makes it possible to supply goods to markets.
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describe how the decisions made at the bretton woods conference in 1944 created the framework for postwar u.s. economic and foreign policy.
The Breton Woods Conference established the United States as the leader in international finance by establishing the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, both of which were dominated by Americans.
The World Bank is an international financial agency that makes loans and grants to governments in low- and middle-income countries to fund capital projects. The World Bank Group owns two international institutions, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA). At the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference, it was founded with the International Monetary Fund. After a difficult start, it made its first loan to France in 1947. It focused on lending to developing countries in the 1970s before pivoting away from that objective in the 1980s. The World Bank has been accused of fostering inflation and hindering economic development, prompting riots in 1988 and 2000.
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