The physical explanation for the very slow movement of membrane phospholipids from one leaflet of a biological membrane to the other is the polar head must cross the hydrophobic area of the phospholipid membrane in order to go from one side to the other.
It takes a lot of energy to complete this process, which makes it go slowly. Last but not least, phospholipids have the ability to "flip-flop" between the two leaflets of the bilayer in a transverse motion. The phospholipids in the lipid bilayer can move either radially, laterally, or transversely between the bilayers. The monolayer (also known as a leaflet) on one side of a synthetic bilayer extremely seldom migrates to the other. Less frequently than once per month, each molecule experiences this "flip-flop" process.
Temperature and Cholesterol level are those factors that influence the rate of the slow movement of membrane phospholipids from one leaflet of a membrane to the other.
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a species of grass has a haploid number of 18. how many different types of gametes can be produced from meiosis in a diploid individual just with independent assortment (no crossing over)?
There are 2 x 10^18 types of gametes that can be produced from meiosis in a diploid individual just with independent assortment.
Meiosis is a type of cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in the mother cell and produces four gamete cells. The nuclei of cells in the G2 phase have twice the DNA content compared to cells in the G1 phase. Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
In contrast, meiosis produces four unique daughter cells each with half the chromosomes of the parent cell. A specific formula 2n is used to calculate the total number of gametes produced by a particular genotype. where n is equal to the number of heterologous alleles found for the genotype. Here, a given genotype consists of two heterologous alleles, Bb and Cc, and one homozygous allele AA.
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define hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic. is it possible for a solution to be both hypertonic and hypotonic? why or why not? explain what happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution? a plant? why is it different? what happens in a hypotonic solution? (create an illustrated representation of hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions using any plant or animal cell to help distinguish between the three types of environments.)
If surrounding solution has higher solute concentration compared to inside the cell, then it is called hypertonic solution. A hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes. If surrounding solution has high solvent concentration compared to the inside of the cell, then it is called hypotonic solution. A hypotonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than cytoplasm of cell. If both surrounding solution and solution inside the cell has same concentration of solvent and solute, then it is known as isotonic solution.
A solution can be both hypertonic and hypotonic depending on type of cell or substance kept in solution. If cell has more solutes than solution then it may swell and if it has less solutes than solution then it may shrink.
If animal or plant cell is kept in hypertonic solution that is solution with higher solute concentration than water molecules will move outside of the cell from inside of the cell ie; exosmosis will take place. Due to this reason, both animal as well as plant cell will shrink. Plant cell is said to become plasmolysed.
In hypotonic solution, animal and plant cell will swell as solution has lower solute concentration than inside of the cell present in solution. Animal cell will swell and ultimately burst ie cell will lysed but, plant cell will not burst it will swell and develop turgor pressure. Hence, plant cell becomes turgid in hypotonic solution. It is normal condition of plant cell.
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Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle "The Circle of Life"? (Starting with a new cell)
The Circle Of Life — Mindfully Connected
a
Go, G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis, S-Phase
b
G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
c
S-Phase, G1, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
d
Cytokinesis, Mitosis, G1, S-Phase, G2
The correct sequence is G1, S-Phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis .
First phase of the cell cycle is G1 phase, the cell grows physically and increases the volume of both protein and organelles. after that In S phase, the cell copies its DNA to produce two sister chromatids and replicates its nucleosomes. Finally, G2 phase involves further cell growth.
Phase that is active after G2 is mitosis. Mitosis is the process of a cell dividing into two equal daughter cells with same genetic information. This process is crucial as it helps in regeneration of cells that might be damaged or destroyed . After that cytokinesis helps to from two different homologous pair of cells .
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if the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of a) b lymphocytes. b) nk cells. c) t cells. d) neutrophils. e) red blood cells.
if the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosin, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of T cells.
Thymosin stimulates the development of pre-T cells in the thymus to mature T cells. Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it initiate the development of T cells. The thymus gland produces soluble hormone-like peptides that can mediate immune and non-immune responses .
T lymphocytes are important part of the immune system and develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. They helps to protect the body from infection and fight cancer. T cells take origin in the bone marrow, they mature in the thymus.
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cells with class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) proteins that contain a foreign antigen will be destroyed after: stimulating the membrane attack complex (mac). being bound by helper t cells. being bound by cytotoxic t cells. releasing histamine.
Cells with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins that contain a foreign antigen will be destroyed after being bounded by cytotoxic t-cells.
What is major histocompatibility complex (MHC)?Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), a collection of genes that produce proteins located on the cell surfaces that aid in the immune system's ability to identify foreign objects. The higher vertebrates include MHC proteins. The complex is also known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in humans. The purpose of MHC molecules is to bind and display pathogen-derived peptide fragments on the cell surface for recognition by the proper T lymphocytes.
What are cytotoxic t-cells?A particular class of immune cell that is capable of eliminating specific types of cells, such as virus-infected cells, cancer cells, and alien cells. To destroy cancer cells, cytotoxic T cells can be isolated from other blood cells, cultured in a lab, and then administered to a patient.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that cells with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins that contain a foreign antigen will be destroyed after being bounded by cytotoxic t-cells.
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the quiescent phage genbome, whether it exists as a plasmid or integrated into the host genome, is referered to as a
The quiescent phage genome, whether it exists as a plasmid or integrated into the host genome, is referred to as a prophage.
A prophage is a bacteriophage genome this is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid in the bacterial cells. Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the function step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages.
Prophages are bacteriophage genomes included in the host genome. The collection of P. aeruginosa genomes contains numerous putative prophages (table I). primarily based on their sequences, some prophages may additionally appear energetic, but it isn't continually viable to reactivate them in vitro in laboratory conditions.
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a cell undergoing meiosis experiences a problem with its microtubules, such that proper separation of the paired chromosomes carrying alleles q and q does not occur during anaphase i. what is the most likely effect on the four daughter cells?
With the exception of two daughter cells having an extra chromosome containing the Q or q allele and the other two without this chromosome, all four of the daughter cells will have a complete set of chromosomes.
No disjunction is the name for the meiotic phenomenon of uneven separation. When a haploid gamete with a missing chromosome experiences no disjunction, the haploid gamete will produce a diploid zygote with only one copy of the missing chromosome from the other parent, a condition known as monosomy.
What about chromosomes?Chromosomes are organelles that are present in the nucleus of cells and carry lengthy lengths of DNA.The substance that houses genes is called DNA. It serves as the foundation for the human body. Additionally, proteins found in chromosomes aid in the appropriate structure of DNA. The term "autosomes" refers to the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. A person's gender at birth is determined by the sex chromosomes, which make up the 23rd pair of chromosomes.The highest level of DNA and protein organization is seen in chromosomes. Chromosomes primary job is to carry DNA and pass genetic material from one generation to the next. Cell division involves the critical function of chromosomes. They guard against tangles and damage to the DNA. Another type of aneuploidy is monosomy, which is the loss of one chromosome in cells. Greek is the language of number one, and monosomy refers to a condition in which cells contain only one copy of a certain chromosome rather than the usual two. Turner syndrome sometimes referred to as monosomy X, is a disorder brought on by monosomy. There are billions of cells in your body, but they are too small to observe without a powerful microscope. Chromosomes, which are strands that resemble threads and carry hundreds or even thousands of genes, are found inside the majority of those cells. Physical characteristics like the color of your eyes are determined by genes.Learn more about chromosomes here:
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How does this time scale distort Precambrian time? What other part of the time scale is distorted
It splits it into its epochs and period. Additionally, it splits it by Era and years before the present.
What do epochs in history mean?An epoch is the time and date that a computer uses to determine its clock and timestamp values. The Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) at the epoch, which changes from system to system, is traditionally 0 hours, 0 minutes, and 0 seconds (00:00:00).
What do neural network epochs mean?A single epoch occurs when the neural network only processes an entire dataset ONCE, both forward and backward. We split up an epoch into several smaller batches since it would be too large to feed the machine all at once.
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The function of hemoglobin is to carry ________ from the lungs throughout the body.
Answer:
Oxygen
Explanation:
using fluorescent microscopy, you observe the expected results, with protein secretion in normal cells, er accumulation in mutant a, and golgi apparatus accumulation in mutant b. you also express the gfp-fusion protein in double-mutant yeast cells containing mutations in both the gene underlying mutant a and the gene underlying mutant b. what is the correct location and explanation for where the gfp-fusion protein will accumulate in these a and b double-mutant yeast cells?
Using fluorescent microscopy, you observe the expected results, with protein secretion in normal cells, er accumulation in mutant.
Clathrin as well as adaptor protein complexes, typically assemble on the cytoplasmic side of membranes and make up the coats of caveolin vesicles. While assembling into a lattice-like structure resembling a basket, clathrin functions structurally by deforming the membrane and promoting vesicle budding.
Every protein starts its production in the cytoplasm. However, some are moved to other cellular locations while the majority remain there permanently. Certain are entirely produced in the cytoplasm.
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occasionally, a bismuth preparation is added to the treatment regimen for duodenal ulcers. what are bismuth's effects against h. pylori organisms.
H. pylori is resistant to bismuth's antimicrobial properties.
What kind of infection is H. pylori?In addition to ulcers, H pylori bacteria can also cause persistent stomach inflammation (gastritis) or damage to the upper part of the small intestine (duodenitis). A uncommon form of stomach lymphoma or stomach cancer can also occasionally develop as a result of H pylori.
How do you feel after having H. pylori?Only 20% of persons with the infection exhibit symptoms. A dull or scorching stomach ache, unintentional weight loss, and bloody vomiting are all symptoms. Antibiotic and proton pump inhibitor regimens are frequently used to treat ulcers brought on by H. pylori.
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ap enivornmental science frq (c) identify the region of the world that is experiencing the largest growth rate. (d) explain three factors that have contributed to this growth.
Accumulation of capital stock. will increase hard work inputs, along with people or hours worked. Technological development.
Three out of five of the most populous international locations in the world are located in Asia. in the end, the highest populace growth price is likewise located there, the u. s . with the best population growth charge in Lebanon.
The area of the world with the best quotes of natural growth is Sub-Saharan Africa. B. three elements that make a contribution to high populace growth rates are the lack of training, lowering demise prices, and a lack of getting the right of entry to healthcare.
Elements of production are resources that are the building blocks of the financial system; they're what people use to supply goods and offerings. Economists divide the elements of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship.
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Figure 2 shows some structures involved in the coordination of a reflex action.
Describe how the structures shown in Figure 2 help to coordinate a reflex action.
Answer:
You got this!
Determine which equation is false, based on the solution set S:{4}.
3t = 12
3m + 7 = 14
4(4c + 1) = 68
9 = 5p − 11
Explanation:
hat is the purpose of the paper chromatography experiment? a.to separate photosynthetic pigments b.what is the independent variable in this experiment? c.what is the dependent variable in this experiment?
The correct answer is a. To separate photosynthetic pigments. Chromatography in general refers to the movement of certain analytes through a stationary phase, almost as carried by some mobile phase.
Chromatography is used to separate particles from one another. In a paper chromatography experiment, a little amount of a sample solution is put on a strip of chromatography paper. The chromatography paper is then suspended in a solvent. As the solvent proceeds up the paper, the individual components of the sample solution disparate into bands of individual colour.
Variables:-
Independent variable: different brands of black felt-tip pen ink.
Dependent variable: distance travelled by each pigment in the ink mixture.
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which of the following correctly describes one of the muscle types? a. cardiac muscle includes the heart and all of the muscles that the heart has an effect on. b. smooth muscle is the type of muscle that allows us to flex our limbs. c. hard muscle is the type of muscle responsible for contracting and extending. d. skeletal muscle is the type of muscle most people are most familiar with. submit
The sort of muscle that most people are most accustomed to is skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles make up 30–40% of your body's overall mass.
What is the main function of skeletal muscle?Skeletal muscles are used by humans to move around and perform daily activities. They are essential to breathing mechanics and help maintain balance and posture. Additionally, they protect the vital organs of the body.
What is the composition of skeletal muscle?A single skeletal muscle might be made up of hundreds and even thousands of muscle fibers that have been bundled together and wrapped in connective tissue. Each muscle is covered by the epimysium, a sheath of connective tissue. Fascia, a connective tissue, surrounds and separates the muscles outside of the epimysium.
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why are fermentation reactions important for cells? they regenerate nad so that glycolysis can continue to operate. they produce alcohol, which enhances the permeability of their mitochondrial membranes to proton translocation. they allow the cell to conserve oxygen for the citric acid cycle. they generate oxygen.
Cells need fermentation reactions because they replenish NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue to function.
Cells require fermentation events in order to continue producing energy even when there is no oxygen present. Glycolysis, or the breakdown of glucose, is converted into pyruvic acid during cellular respiration when oxygen is present. Since oxygen is not needed for fermentation, it is anaerobic. NAD+ will be replenished by fermentation using the NADH + H+ generated during glycolysis. Cells can continue producing ATP through glycolysis after fermentation. A result of fermentation is lactic acid. In fermenting cells, lactic acid will accumulate and eventually restrict the quantity of fermentation that may take place.
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you are using a variety of techniques to study how the risc complex differs between sirnas and mirnas. you found that what distinguishes a risc complex containing an sirna from one containing an mirna is that
RISC carrying siRNA differs from miRNA in having different argonaute proteins, as RISC (siRNA) can have argonaute 2 whereas the RISC (miRNA) can have argonaute 1-4.
A multiprotein complex called the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) contains one strand of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) or micro RNA (miRNA). The siRNA or miRNA serves as a template for RISC, which recognizes complementary mRNA. When it locates a complementary strand, RNase is triggered, and the RNA is cut. The RISC complex is similar for miRNA and siRNA, except in the type of protein (argonaute) associated.
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If your power could have been harnessed and the energy converted to electricity, how many 100-w bulbs could you have kept burning during your climb?
When the power is harnessed and the energy converted to electricity, the person could have climbed using only one 100-W light bulb.
What is power?Power is defined in physics as the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. The watt is the unit of power in the International System of Units, equal to one joule per second.
It can be defined as the rate at which work is completed in a given amount of time. Watt (W) is the SI unit of power, which is joules per second (J/s).
And, because our estimate is very rough, we can say that the person's power output is comparable to the power output of a 100 W light bulb. Let's say that the mass is 80kgbabs it takes 30 seconds to climb 5 meters of stair, the energy will be:
= mgh
= 80 × 9.81 × 5
= 3924J
Power will be:
= 3924 / 30
= 130W
Based on the results obtained, we can conclude that the person's power output is comparable to the power output of one 100-W light bulb, and that the person could have continued to burn only one 100-W light bulb during the climb.
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Complete question
How does your power output in climbing the stairs compare to the power output of a 100-watt light bulb? if your power could have been harnessed and the energy converted to electricity, how many 100-watt bulbs could you have kept burning during your climb?
fetuses who do not survive anemia in utero are usually stillborn, with gross edema of the entire body, a condition called:
Answer:
Fetuses who do not survive anemia in utero are usually stillborn, with gross edema of the entire body, a condition called:
hydrops fetalis
Explanation:
Passive transport, such as osmosis and facilitated diffusion, ________
require energy. (does/does not)
Answer:
I think the answer (does not).
Explanation:
I hope this helps.
Here´s more to the answer:
Passive transport is a naturally occurring phenomenon and does not require the cell to expend energy to accomplish the movement.
which of the following statements about sodium and potassium is false? group of answer choices processed foods are a major source of both sodium and potassium. both participate in maintaining fluid balance. both are major electrolytes in the body. both are involved in nerve signal transmission.
Processed foods are a major source of both sodium and potassium is the false statement
The correct statement should be : Processed foods tend to be low in sodium and high in potassium.
Other statements :
sodium and potassium both participate in maintaining fluid balance. sodium and potassium both are major electrolytes in the body.sodium and potassium both are involved in nerve signal transmission.To learn more about Processed foods click here
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On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the __________.
On the ventral surface of the brain, you can observe the optic nerves and chiasma, the pituitary gland, and the mammillary bodies. These externally visible structures form the floor of the diencephalon.
Where is the diencephalon located?The diencephalon is the central part of the brain located around the third ventricle, superior to the brainstem (medulla, pons, and midbrain), and inferior to the corpus callosum and cerebral cortex.
The diencephalon is divided into four main sections including the epithalamus, thalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus. The largest and most significant part of the diencephalon is the thalamus, which is an ovoid gray matter structure that conveys information from the cortex to the rest of the nervous system and vice versa. The epithalamus is a small part of the diencephalon located on the back and tail of the thalamus. The subthalamus and hypothalamus are both located ventral to the thalamus. The subthalamus is involved in the regulation of movement, while the hypothalamus controls vital functions such as hunger and thirst.
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Without the circulatory and respiratory systems, human bodies would not survive. Both systems play major roles in providing our bodies with what they need. They work individually as well as together to keep us alive and healthy,
Which four statements describe functions of the circulatory system?
Responses
A Part of this system filters air as it enters the body.Part of this system filters air as it enters the body.
B This system's organs passes oxygen into the bloodstream.This system's organs passes oxygen into the bloodstream.
C This system plays a major role in fighting infections.This system plays a major role in fighting infections.
D Oxygen is delivered to cells throughout the body by this system.Oxygen is delivered to cells throughout the body by this system.
E Carbon dioxide exits the body through this system.Carbon dioxide exits the body through this system.
F This system takes in oxygen from air outside the body.This system takes in oxygen from air outside the body.
G This system removes carbon dioxide from organs and delivers it the lungs.This system removes carbon dioxide from organs and delivers it the lungs.
H Nutrients are delivered to organs through this system.
The statements that describe functions of the circulatory system are:
(C) This system plays a major role in fighting infections.
(D) Oxygen is delivered to the cells of the body by this system.
(G) It removes carbon dioxide from the organs and delivers it the lungs.
(H) Nutrients are delivered to organs through this system.
Infections are the presence and growth of pathogens inside the body. The circulatory system helps in fighting infections because it circulates the various antibodies and useful hormones into the site of infection that help in fighting with the pathogens.
Lungs are the key organs of the respiratory system. They are present in a pair in the thorax region. A muscle called diaphragm provides support to the lungs from below.
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staphylococcus species are resident human microflora. if you wanted to culture staphylococcus where should you swab?
In order to culture staphylococcus, we used to swab in the throat, nose, and skin.
Staph infections are caused by staphylococcus microscopic organisms. These sorts of germs are commonly found on the skin or within the nose of numerous healthy individuals. Most of the time, these microscopic organisms cause no issues or cause moderately minor skin infections. But staph diseases can turn dangerous on the off chance that the microscopic organisms attack more profoundly into your body, entering your circulatory system, joints, bones, lungs, or heart. A developing number of something else sound individuals are creating life-threatening staph infections. Treatment ordinarily includes antimicrobial and cleaning of the infected zone
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which branch of taxonomy deals with the sorting of life-forms into bins (categories) based on genetic relatedness and traits of the organisms?
The taxonomy branch of classification works with grouping life forms into categories based on genetic similarity and characteristics of the organisms.
What are an example and an organism?A living creature that has an organized structure, is capable of responding to stimuli, can reproduce, develop, adapt, and preserve homeostasis is referred to as an organism. Therefore, every animal, plant, fungus, protist, bacterium, or archaeon found on Earth would be considered an organism.
What kind of organism is the best example?Organisms are unique forms of life. For instance, every tree in a forest is a living thing. The terms "microorganisms" are often used to refer to single-celled prokaryotes and eukaryotes .
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hat type(s) of hydrophilic amino acids would you expect to find in the transmembrane domain of the chloride channel?
This collection characteristic may be recognized in number one sequences the use of hydrophilic scales [7,8,9]. The maximum plentiful amino acids in transmembrane areas are leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, alanine, glycine, serine, and threonine.
Six hydrophilic amino acids have facet chains which are polar however now no longer charged. These are serine (Ser), threonine (Thr), cysteine (Cys), asparagine (Asn), glutamine (Gln), and tyrosine (Tyr). These amino acids are commonly located on the floor of proteins, as mentioned withinside the Proteins 2 module.
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a sprinter has a higher percentage of type ii muscle fibers than a marathon runner. select one: true false
The answer is True. Sprinters have a higher percentage of type ii muscle fibers.
What are type ii muscle fibers?
Fast-twitch muscle fibers produce larger and more potent forces, but only for brief periods of time before quickly becoming exhausted. They are frequently referred to as white fibers or type II since they are more anaerobic and have less blood supply.
Type ii muscle fibers are usually found in muscles of the arms in large numbers.
Running sprints, agility drills, bench presses, deadlifts and heavy squats are a great way to build type ii fibers.
Fast twitch/ type ii fibers are much more powerful than type I fibers. These give major strength but also fatigue easier than type I.
Sprinters, therefore have a higher percentage of type ii fibers than marathon runners.
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Which installation method is most likely to put your computer at risk of downloading a virus?.
Internet installation method is most likely to put your computer at risk of downloading a virus.
Understanding viruses in computers
Viruses are files that interfere with the operational system on PCs and laptops, if the laptop is exposed to a viruses then automatically the laptop's performance will not be maximized, usually this form of virus interference such as the ability to load becomes slower / slower, the loss of files that we save suddenly , the laptop restarts repeatedly, if you are faced with a great virus sometimes the OS will be deleted, this will force us to reinstall the OS on the laptop.
What is called a virus in a computer is an annoying file, so every file that can interfere with the performance of the OS is a virus, this annoying file can be in the form of ordinary files that we intentionally store but are damaged, Worms, Trojan Horses, Spyware, and malicious malware that is installed either intentionally or not. Actually we don't need to be afraid of being too much with what is called a virus in a PC / laptop, as long as we want to take the anticipatory steps correctly, then the possibility of a virus can interfere with our laptop is very small.
Here's how to prevent and avoid viruses from entering your computer or laptop:
1.Use a compatible and bona fide antivirus, always update the antivirus;
2. If your computer or laptop is often used to browse the internet, then use an antivirus that has Internet Security features;
3.Activate Firewall on Windows that you are using;
4.Always update Security Update on Windows Security;
5. Do not get into the habit of storing data on drive C for too long;
6. Identify all the data that you store on the laptop, and immediately discard/delete if there is data that you do not recognize;
7. Delete registry files that are not needed regularly;
8. If you are going to transfer data from another device/device, try not to open it when it is still connected, so send/copy it directly and then disconnect the device/device;
9.Use cleaning tools like Ccleaner, TuneUp Utility, etc.
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Third-party installation method. This method is usually done when we want to add an application that is on our computer, and if we use an unverified third party, the computer's risk of getting a virus increases.
Explanation:When using a computer, sometimes we want to add software or applications that are on our computers according to the needs at that time. However, some applications are required to make a payment beforehand or there are applications that cannot be obtained officially.Therefore, as an alternative, some people like to get these applications through third parties, even though there are already verified parties, but some are still not verified.For those who has not been officially verified, we usually call it a cracker application.When downloading through unverified parties, we usually do not understand what we are downloading in the process and tend to follow each stage. However, without realizing it, sometimes what we download unconsciously is a virus or contains a virus that will harm our computer and data.Learn more
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why is fructose toxic to liver cells, but not muscle cells, in individuals with a defect in the enzyme aldolase b?
Fructose is toxic to liver cells, but not muscle cells, in individuals with a defect in the enzyme aldolase, because muscle cells employ hexokinase to convert glucose to glucose-6P, which cannot be further metabolized, liver cells cannot.
In the second stage of the metabolism of fructose, aldolase B is in charge of converting the compound fructose-1-phosphate into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Aldolase B is also involved in the breakdown of the simple sugar glucose, but to a lesser extent. The lack of the enzyme aldolase B is a defining feature of the autosomal recessive condition known as inherited fructose intolerance.
Fructose-1-phosphate is broken down into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate by the crucial enzyme aldolase B. Phosphate depletion and fructose 1-phosphate buildup in the liver are symptoms of aldolase B deficiency. As a result, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis are suppressed, which inhibits the synthesis of proteins and causes liver failure.
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give examples of situation when a substance cannot be moved into a cell by osmosis or diffusion and how active transport solves the problem
When a substance cannot move by osmosis or diffusion, it is because it cannot cross the plasma membrane due to its charge or size, and if it is by diffusion, it is because it is against its concentration gradient.
Why can't a substance go through osmosis or diffusion?A substance could not pass through osmosis since only water can pass to the place with the highest concentration. While by diffusion it could not happen due to its size or electric charge, neither if the concentration gradient is against it.
Active transport helps in this by passing elements against their concentration gradient, generating an energy expenditure for this to occur since this movement is not energetically possible.
Therefore, we can confirm that when a substance cannot move by osmosis or diffusion, it is because it cannot cross the plasma membrane due to its charge or size, and if it is by diffusion, it is because it is against its concentration gradient.
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