Answer:
Adding electrons from NADH to pyruvate regenerates NAD, so that glycolysis can continue, and produces lactic acid a waste product that can diffuse out of the cell.
For every glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, the cell generates, without oxygen, two ATP molecules that can keep the muscles moving.
Generally,Glycolysis, takes place in the cytosol of cells with or without oxygen.Therefore it continuous mechanism should be in place during anaerobic respiration for supply of 2ATPs from the Net of 4 ATPs when pyruvate is formed, to ensure sustenance of energy.
Therefore,in this athlete, it is imperative to ensure continuous mechanisms of Glycolysis by constant availability of Co-enzyme NAD+ which must be reduced so that electrons can be available for the substrate phosphorylation steps for generation of pyruvate and ATPs.
Thus as the lactic acid is formed from the pyruvate,it is easily removed from the body as wastes, instead of retaining by the muscles cells. The lack of oxygen ensure supply of of 2ATPs for sustaining the athletes in the anaerobic condition.
What is created through the process of uplift?
Answer:moutains
Explanation:when two sides of the earth push together it forms moutains
Answer:
Uplift is the process by which the earth's surface slowly rises either due to increasing upward force applied from below or decreasing downward force from above. During uplift, land, as well as the sea floor, rises. The outer shell of the earth, the crust, divides into moving sections called plates.
Which method developed at the end of 1980 lead to a major change in how scientists categorized organisms
Answer:
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique
Explanation:
The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique was developed by Kary Mullis in 1984. This technique exploits the ability of the DNA polymerase to amplify a specific DNA sequence (template), which is then observed as a band by traditional electrophoresis. Since PCR is highly specific and sensitive, it has enabled the detection of genetic variation among different DNA samples, and thereby this technique can be used to identify new species. One of the molecular markers most widely used to identify new species is the Citochormoe Oxidase I (COI) gene, which is amplified by PCR in order to detect genetic variation useful to classify species.
Researchers studying microbial activity at another active oil-spill site found decreasing levels of methane over the course of several months, but no changes in oxygen saturation in any of their repeated samples. How should they interpret these results
Answer:
Methanotrophs.
Explanation:
Methanotrophs are those microbes (bacteria) which feeds on methane or used methane as energy source for their survival. These type of microbes survive by using single carbon compound as a source of energy. So we can say that due to the presence of Methanotrophs, the level of methane decreases while there is no change occurs in oxygen saturation level.
What happens to energy as it flows through an ecosystem?
Answer:
The chemical energy storied as nutrients in the bodies and wastes of organisms flows through ecosystems from one trophic level to the next and through this flow energy also is lost as heat. And the chemical energy avaliable to the succeeding feeding level decreases.
Answer: The chemical energy stored as nutrients in the bodies and wastes of organisms flows through ecosystems from one trophic level to the next and through this flow energy also is lost as heat. And the chemical energy available to the succeeding feeding level decreases.
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The phi phenomenon demonstrates that illusions can be influenced by __________.
perceptions of movement
5. Do all trees lose their leaves in winter? Explain.
6. Describe how the weather affects fall color intensities.
Help pleasee!!
How do proteins become embedded in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum?a. by splicing of proteins on either side of the ER membrane.b. via stop- and start-transfer sequences that stop and start translocation of a polypeptide through the ER membrane, resulting in transmembrane proteins.c. by post-translational import can results in a transmembrane ER protein.d. by protein chaperones that insert polypeptides into the ER membrane.e. via transit sequences that target polypeptides made in the cytosol for the ER membrane.
Answer:
The correct answer is b.
Explanation:
The signal peptide acts as an initiator of the transfer. Proteins whose first destination is the endoplasmic reticulum have a signal peptide at their amino terminal end that includes a sequence composed of 5 to 10 hydrophobic amino acids, which is recognized by a receptor of this organelle that opens a channel in its membrane allowing such proteins to can get through it. Most of these proteins will then continue their course towards the Golgi apparatus, but those that also have a certain sequence of four amino acids (-Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu-COOH) at their other end (carboxyl terminal) are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum as proteins of this organelle. The transfer stop peptide anchors the protein on the membrane after the ER signal peptide (transfer initiator) is released from the translocator and removed.
What part of the bacterial cell is most involved in gram staining and why?
Answer:
Cell wall
Explanation:
The cell wall is the part of the bacterial cell is most involved in gram staining. This is because the two types of gram bacteria which are known as the gram positive and gram negative bacteria have different and unique cell wall constituents.
The gram positive bacteria have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan while the gram negative bacteria have cell wall composed of a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide. They give different results when stained ; gram positive bacteria retains the crystal violet color of the reagent used while the gram negative bacteria gives a pale reddish color.
The bacterial cell is most involved in gram staining is cell wall because it decides the color strength in the bacteria.
Gram Staining:
It is method of classifying bacteria on the basis of thickness of the cell wall of bacteria. This method includes 4 steps.
Color all bacteria with crystal violet.Use iodine as stabilizer of crystal violet.Decolonization by the ethyl alcohol.Final color is added as saffronin.All Bacterial cells take up the crystal violet in the first step. On decolonization, gram negative bacteria lose the violet color because of thin peptidoglycan layer.
Therefore, the bacterial cell is most involved in gram staining is cell wall because it decides the color strength in the bacteria.
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3. After meiosis, resulting daughter cells will contain
(select only one answer)
the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries
twice the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carrie
three times the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries
four times the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries
nodolse Isu
Answer:
The correct answer would be : half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries.
Explanation:
Meiosis is a type of cell division takes place in reproductive cell to produce the haploid gametes to fused during fertilization. In meiosis a single cell give rise to four daughter cells with half number of genetic material or chromosome to original amount of the parent cell, which gives it name reduction division.
As the gametes form by this type of cell division fused during fertilization, it is necessary to have haploid number of chromosome to maintain the number of chromosome in diploid cell or somatic cells.
Thus, the correct answer would be : half the number of chromosomes than the parent cell carries.
One gene possesses only two alleles.
A. True
B. False
What would be the best explanation for why myelinated fibers conduct signals faster than unmyelinated fibers?
Answer: The diffusion of ions along the axoplasm is faster,in myelinated compare to unmyelinated,
Neurons are the structural and functioning units of nervous system.They are the vehicles for transmission of impulses as electrical signals from one part of the cells,and from one part of the body to another.
The basic structural components of a typical neuron are the cellbody, the axon, and the dendrites.
Based on structure neurons are classified as myelinated and unmyelinated.This is based on the the surrounding layer of myelin sheath around the axon. The myelin provides the insulating layer for the axon.And ensures fast movement of impluses.
In myelinated neurons the myelin sheath are interrupted at intervals by gaps along the length of the axon called Nodes of Ranvier. These gaps contains more Na-K channels for influx and out-flux of K and Na+ ions for transmission of impulses.
The cytoplasm of axon is called axoplasm,Since this is surrounded by myelin sheath which contains Na-K+ channels,The rate of diffusion of ions along these channels is faster for depolarization to take place than in unmyelinated neurons. Inaddtion as these ions diffusion increases,its jump faster at the nodes of Ranvier (saltatory conduction) to the next axoplasm which further speed up the rate of transmission.
Unmyeinated lacks myelin sheath,therefore the exchange and the rate of diffusion of ions along the axons is low.
Explnation:
To understand how the scientific method can be used to search for explanations of nature An astrology-loving friend hypothesizes that people born in that week like horror movies more than other genres of movies. You decide to use the scientific method to test this hypothesis.
The scientific method is a procedure used to search for explanations of nature. The scientific method consists of making observations, formulating hypotheses, designing and carrying out experiments, and repeating this cycle.
Observations can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative observations are measurements consisting of both numbers and units, such as the observation that ice melts at 0°C. In contrast, qualitative observations are observations that do not rely on numbers or units, such as the observation that water is clear.
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of the observations. The hypothesis is not necessarily correct, but it puts the scientist's understanding of the observations into a form that can be tested through experimentation.
Experiments are then performed to test the validity of the hypothesis. Experiments are controlled procedures, preferably made under conditions in which the variable of interest is related to hypothesis .
In the course of a conversation, you observe that three of your friends like horror movies. Horror movies happen to be your favorite type of movie as well. You also know that all of these friends were born in the same week that you were, even in the same year.
An astrology-loving friend hypothesizes that people born in that week like horror movies more than other genres of movies. You decide to use the scientific method to test this hypothesis. What should you do next?
A. Come up with a theory to explain birth week.
B. Perform experiments to test your.
C. Propose several alternative hypotheses.
D. Refine your hypothesis.
Answer:
B. Perform experiments to test your hypothesis
Explanation:
Scientific experiments involves using scientific method, which is an outlined manner of conducting an experiment. The scientific method consists of series of steps starting from making observation, followed by formulating an hypothesis, and then carrying out the experiments (as stated in the question).
According to this question, an observation that that three friends who were born in the same week like horror movies has been made. Using the scientific method, this was followed by formulating an hypothesis that "people born in that week like horror movies more than other genres of movies". Hence, this hypothesis will be tested out next by conducting an experiment.
The experiment will prove/disprove the hypothesis (a testable explanation). A way to carry out the experiment is by finding out if other people born in the same week as your friends like horror movies.
The study of environmental science must involve discussion of human culture and people's opinions on politics and economics. True False
Answer:
This sentence is FALSE: The study of environmental science must involve discussion of human culture and people's opinions on politics and economics.
→ The study of environmental science involve the natural components of Earth and also the connections between them.
what is a domestic animal
Answer:
Your answer:.
A domestic animal is the animal that was trained or bread to be tame around humans .
Most of these animals are vertebrates such as mammals ..
Explanation:
Hope it helps you....Thanks...
What characteristic(s) might a human and a cat with extra sex chromosomes (XXY) share?
Answer: sterility
Explanation:
If you mutate lacI so that the repressor cannot bind lactose or other inducers any more (LacI-s), will this mutant be able to use lactose?
Answer:
this mutant will not be able to use lactose
Explanation:
The lac operon is a cluster of genes with the same promoter which are transcribed as a single messenger RNA (mRNA). The lac operon encodes different enzymes that are used by the bacteria to obtain energy from lactose. The LacI gene is required for producing a repressor protein that binds to the promoter of the operon in order to inactivate its transcription (i.e., by preventing RNA polymerase from binding). A mutation in this gene prevents from its binding to lactose and it becomes inactive to the Lac operon.
Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal double helix of DNA?
(A) 5′-AGCT-3′ with 5′-TCGA-3′
(B) 5′-GCGC-3′ with 5′-TATA-3′
(C) 5′-ATGC-3′ with 5′-GCAT-3′
(D) All of these pairs are correct
Answer:
The correct option is C
Explanation:
First of all, we need to know that a DNA molecule can have the following bases; Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G) and cytosine (C). These bases have the ability to bind to each other on complementary strands in the following way; adenine can only bind to thymine and vice versa while guanine can only bind to cytosine and vice versa.
It also be noted that when one strand of the DNA runs from 5' to 3', the complementary strand runs from 3' to 5', hence they run anti-parallel to each other.
So, the only option sequence that meets the criteria discussed above is option C,
5'-ATGC-3'
3'-TACG-5'
The illustration above shows how the bases will be on the complimentary strands when they run anti-parallel to each other. And they can also be written as 5′-ATGC-3′ (this is read the way it is written) and 5′-GCAT-3′ (this is read from the back as in from 3' to 5')
What is a gene?
A-the different forms of a trait
B-a segment of DNA that is the basic unit of heredity
C-the appearance of characteristics that are seen in an organism
D- an organism allele combination
Answer:
step by step
Explanation:
B is the answer
Answer:
B: a segment of DNA that is the basic unit of heredity
Explanation:
Based on the results of the mouse coloration case study, suggest another hypothesis researchers
might use to further study the role of predators in the natural selection process.
Another hypothesis suggested by researchers that can be used to further study the role of predators in the natural selection process is the study of the total or partial absence of predators, visualizing the response in the environment.
What is the role of predators?Predators can act by controlling the population size of some species. When the population size of their prey begins to decrease, many species seek to feed on prey that are in greater abundance in the environment.
With this information, we can conclude that another hypothesis suggested by researchers that can be used to further study the role of predators in the natural selection process is the study of the total or partial absence of predators, visualizing the response in the environment.
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Allison is growing a few beds of sunflowers and giving each group different amounts of water for a period of five weeks to see if it affects their growth. All of the groups receive the same amount and type of soil, and receive the same amount of sunlight. She gives the first sunflower group 300 extra milliliters of water a day. The second receives 200 extra millilitres of water a day and the third bed of sunflowers receives no extra water and obtains water only natural ways. Allison records the heights of the sunflowers after each week. what is the: •IV: •DV: •Constants: •Control:
Answer:
Sandra is growing mums in her backyard and wants to determine how much water she should give the plants to produce the most flowers. Plant A receives only rainwater and is given no additional water. Plant B receives rainwater and an additional cup of water per day. Plant C receives rainwater and an additional two cups of water per day. All mums are given the same amount of sunlight and fertilizer. a. Control Group
Why is it necessary to take an interdisciplinary approach to studying biology?
Answer:
Interdisciplinary approach involves using methods and knowledge associated with other subjects or topics in a different one. Some subjects are known to be interrelated and employ the use of a common understanding or knowledge.
Biology is a subject in biological science that involves the study of living and non living things and their interactions with the environment. These interactions involves the use of some knowledge/methods in Chemistry, Physics etc such as how Friction which is prevalent in Physics with how organisms move.
An injury to the neurons of a collateral ganglion would affect the functions of which organ?a) heart.
b) pupils.
c) sweat glands.
d) digestive tract.
e) arrector pili muscles.
The answer is D. Digestive tract
Which of the following is not a component of the hepatic triad found at the edges of a liver lobule?
a) hepatic artery.
b) bile duct.
c) central vein.
d) hepatic portal vein.
Answer: c) central vein.
Explanation:
The liver is an organ that is present both in humans and in vertebrate animals. It secretes the bile, essential for the digestion of fats, and it also has many other functions, including the synthesis of plasma proteins, storage of vitamins and glycogen and detoxifying function. It is responsible for removing various substances from the blood that may be harmful to the body, including alcohol, making them harmless.
The liver is divided by the sickle cell ligament into two main lobes, right and left. There are two other smaller lobes, the square lobe and the caudate lobe.
The hepatic triads are triangular areas located at the angles of the hepatic lobules, made up of a lax conjunctive stroma. They contain a branch of the hepatic artery (that irrigates the liver), a hepatic portail vein (a thick blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver so that nutrients are metabolized) and a bile duct (transports bile into the small intestine). Therefore, it does not contain a central vein.
The following example illustrates applications for which anomalies are of considerable interest. Click all that apply: a. Fraud Detection b. Intrusion Detection c. Medicine d. Ecosystem Disturbances
Answer:
Fraud Detection
Intrusion Detection
Medicine
Ecosystem Disturbances
Explanation:
Anomalies are items or actions that do not conform to expected pattern. They are also referred to as outliers on data sets that do not exhibit the characteristics of the population under consideration.
Anomalies can be caused by natural variation, data errors, data from different classes.
Examples of anomalies are:
Fraud Detection
Intrusion Detection
Medicine such as influenza outbreaks
Ecosystem Disturbances such as flood and drought
7) How do nitrogen-fixing bacteria help cycle
340
nitrogen through ecosystems?
320
A. They change nitrogen into forms usable by
plants
300
1950
B. They convert water and carbon dioxide into
sugar
C. They release the chemical energy in nitrogen for respiration
D. They convert sunlight into chemical energy stored in nitrogen
19
Answer:
A. They change nitrogen into forms usable by plants.
Explanation:
They change nitrogen into nitrous oxide and ammonia, a form usable by plants.
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Imagine a cell with a semi-permeable membrane that is selective to K+ ions only. The internal solution contains 100 mM KCl and the external solution contains 1 mM KCl. What equation would you use to determine the potential (EK) developed across the membrane?
A. Ion equation
B. Molarity equation
C. Nernst equation
D. Goldman equation
Answer:
C. Nernst equation
Explanation:
The Nernst Equation is used to find the equilibrium potential of an ion.
It tells you only what the equilibrium potential for an individual ion is, not what the summed effect of all ions is on the membrane potential.
The formula for Nernst Equation is:
[tex]E_{ion}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{RT}{FZ}[/tex] In [tex]\frac{[ion]_{out} }{[ion]_{in} }[/tex]
where F is Faraday Constant, R = gas constant, 8.314 J/mol K
, T = temperature, in K, Z stoichiometric number of electrons in the reaction, is the Reduction Potential in V.
Kindly note that, if we have a squid giant axon at rest with normal intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations. If the membrane permeability to K+ ions is increased, the K+ equilibrium potential (Nernst potential) will stay the same.
If DNA were to be discovered today, what might have been different?
Answer:
everything is the same, but more slowly
Explanation:
Reception of a signal released by the same cell is which of the following types of signaling?a. juxtacrine.b. autocrine.c. paracrine.d. exocrine.e. endocrine.
Answer:
The correct answer is b.
Explanation:
In the endocrine system, the signaling molecule or hormone is produced by a gland and discharged into the blood where it travels until it reaches certain cells distant from its place of origin on which it acts. In autocrine communication, the signal produced by a cell regulates the cell that produced it, that is, it is when the cells send messages to themselves. In autocrine signaling, a cell releases a hormone that acts on the same cell. This occurs between cells that are relatively close together and the existence of a specialized structure is not necessary, being a local communication.
Question 23
CHALLENGE QUESTION
An infant weighs 5.45 kg and needs an oral medication of 0.25 teaspoon per pound.
How many mL do you administer?
HINT: Step 1) convert kg to pounds; Step 2) find tsp of medication needed; Step 3) convert tsp
to ml.
50 m
15 ml
9 ml
Can anyone help me understand why it was 15?
Answer:
5.45 kg x (2.2 pounds/1 kg) x (0.25 tsp/1 pound) x (5 mL/1 tsp) = 14.98 or approx. 15 mL
How do you think tomato plants detect pests on a neighboring plant so they can protect themselves? I NEED ANSWER FAST PLEASE
Answer:
"Some, like tomato plants, release chemicals like methyl jasmonate that not only taste bad to pests, but alert their leafy neighbors to trouble. As other plants detect the chemicals, they crowdsource a solution: producing mass amounts of deterrent chemical compounds, just in case the pests come calling." - LAURIE L. DOVE
A tomato plant detects pests with the help of a signaling cascade that liberates essential chemicals and allows it to protect itself from such harmful and toxic pests.
What are Pests?Pests may be defined as any type of living organism generally insects that completely destructs crops, foods, and livestock because of their toxic and poisonous effect.
A tomato plant uses the mechanism of a signaling cascade that liberates chemicals like methyl jasmonate which is bad in taste for pests.
This chemical is sensed by the neighboring plants of this tomato plant, which then initiate their defense mechanisms in order to protect themselves from this type of pest.
Therefore, in this way, the detection of pests by tomato plants helps their neighboring plant as well as ensures their protection.
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