The neurotransmitters are excitatory to some cells and inhibitory to others, depending on the type of receptors on the target cells are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.
A molecule that, when a nerve impulse arrives, is released at the end of a nerve fiber. This chemical then diffuses across the synapse or junction, causing the impulse to be transferred to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure is called neurotransmitter.
Depending on the type of receptors present, some neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine and norepinephrine, can have both excitatory and inhibitory effects. When several synapses in close proximity are triggered at once or receive input from several presynaptic cells, spatial summation occurs.
Thus, because of receptors these can cause excitatory as well as inhibitory responses by summation of impulses.
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Question 4 of 25 These images show models of a sugar molecule made during photosynthesis and an amino acid molecule. How could the models be used to support the idea that the amino acid molecule contains carbon atoms from sugar molecules made by photosynthesis? © A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms. © B. The molecules have similar shapes. O C. The molecules contain all the same types of atoms. © D. Both molecules contain stored chemical energy.
The models can support the idea that the amino acid molecule contains carbon atoms from sugar molecules made by photosynthesis because both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms. So the correct option is A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is a process in which inorganic matter is converted into organic matter by the energy provided by sunlight. Glucose molecules are then created from carbon dioxide and oxygen is released. This process occurs in photoautotrophic beings, that is, they produce their own food and do not need to obtain it from external sources but can be transformed from light.
The amino acids in plants are going to be formed by amination and transamination processes, it requires certain bases to be able to form as pre-existing amino acids or the components that it will need for its formation, provided by molecules within the cells
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is A. Both molecules contain a chain of carbon atoms.
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Margulis’ theory of the origin of mitochondria proposes that mitochondria ______.
Margulis’ theory of the origin of mitochondria proposes that mitochondria originated when a larger anerobic cell engulfed a smaller aerobic cell.
Margulis wrote in her 1967 essay that the protomitochondrion, an aerobic prokaryotic microbe, was absorbed into the cytoplasm of a heterotrophic anaerobe as the first stage in the genesis of eukaryotes from prokaryotes in order to survive in the new oxygen-containing atmosphere. This can further be proposes that when a bigger anaerobic cell swallowed a smaller aerobic cell, mitochondria were created.
The mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles, generate the majority of the chemical energy needed to power a cell's metabolic processes (mitochondrion, singular). Adenosine triphosphate, a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP).
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organisms live on or in the ocean bottom. group of answer choices none of these scavenging benthos nektonic planktonic previousnext
Organisms live on or in the ocean bottom group of benthos.
The time period benthos refers to something related to or happening at the lowest of a frame of water. Plants and animals that live on or in soil are called benthos.
Benthos, a group of organisms that live on the seafloor. Benthic animals live on the sea floor or bottom objects. So-called infauna live in sediments on the sea floor.
Mussels, earthworms, oysters, crustaceans like shrimp, and mussels are all examples of benthic organisms.
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how can the nonrecombining part of the y chromosome help researchers trace the origins of modern humans
NYR i.e the non recombinating part of y chromosome enables researchers to identify the most recent common ancestor for the chromosome.
The Y chromosome makes up over 2% of all DNA in cells and spans more than 59 million base pairs, the basic unit of DNA.
Because the Y chromosome is only passed down from the father, it is frequently used in genealogy to track the male ancestry.
Every person with a Y chromosome is connected to everyone else through an XY ancestor who (presumably) lived roughly 300,000 years ago.
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All energy used by cells originates in:All energy used by cells originates in:
A: plants
B: animals
C:the sun
true or false: organisms intentionally induce mutations to occur in order to help them to adapt to their environment. group of answer choices true false
False: organisms intentionally induce mutations to occur in order to help them to adapt to their environment.
Regarding whether or whether their consequences are advantageous, mutations happen at random. As a result, advantageous DNA modifications do not occur more frequently only because an organism might profit from them. This, therefore, tells us that mutations are not induced intentionally by organisms.
Mutations are haphazard changes to DNA that can change genes and give organisms new features. Some mutations can result in features that are advantageous to organisms, whereas others often have no effect or a harmful consequence. For the most part, mutations have no discernible impact on the organisms in which they occur. Natural selection may increase the frequency of advantageous mutations. Negative mutations may result in cancer or genetic disorders.
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An evaluation on using light technology (Lasik)
The evaluation on using light technology (Lasik) is it being a fast procedure which has less complications.
What is Technology?This is referred to as the application of scientific knowledge into practical use and it helps in the reduction of errors and makes work easier and faster.
Light technology (Lasik) is a type of procedure which involves the use of excimer laser which emits a cool ultraviolet light beam and is used to reshape the cornea of individuals with astigmatism, nearsightedness etc.
This method was evaluated and was found to be a fast and reliable method of treatment for different types of eye defects. It also results in little or no complications arising from it because it is bloodless and there is no risk of contamination by foreign bodies.
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mucous membranes are a part of mucous membranes are a part of adaptive defense. cell-mediated immunity. the complement system. innate defense. humoral immunity.
Mucous membranes are a part of an innate defense that provides the first line of protection against ingested and inhaled infectious agents.
What is innate immunity?
It is a nonspecific type of defense mechanism which is present by birth. It protects us against all antigens and does not depend on prior contact with microorganisms.
It consists of different types of barriers:
Physical barriers: Skin and mucous membrane are the main physical barriers that help in preventing the entry of microorganisms and trapping it.Physiological barriers: HCL in the stomach, saliva in the mouth, tears from the eyes, etc.Cellular barriers: Polymorpho-nuclear leucocytes, monocytes, natural killer cells in the blood, and macrophages in the tissues. They phagocytose and destroy the microbes.Cytokine barriers: Cytokines are secreted by the immune cells that protect the non-infected cells from further infection.Adaptive defense is also called acquired immunity which is pathogen-specific. Humoral immunity produces antigen-specific antibodies and is primarily driven by B cells. Cell-mediated immunity does not depend on antibodies and is primarily driven by mature T cells.
Hence mucous membrane comes under the physical barrier of innate immunity which prevents the entry of microorganisms.
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homo erectus skull morphology includes group of answer choices thick bones and pink browridges. thin bones and small browridges. thick bones and small browridges. thick bones and large browridges.
Large browridges, a long, low, and wide base, as well as thick bones, are all characteristics of the Homo erectus cranium.
What exactly is skull morphology?The auditory bulla of otic capsule, which is variously fused, imbedded, or connected to the skulls of vertebrates, houses the inner and middle ear systems. We can learn a lot about an animal's environmental adaptations from its morphology, or the variances for how these attachments have evolved.
Does nutrition alter skull shape?According to the investigation, which was reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy od Sciences, those that ingested dairy and cereals had slight alterations in their skull shape. One of the main chewing muscles, the temporalis, altered position and shrank as humans migrated toward agriculture.
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place the following occurrences in order to describe the regulation of rehydration beginning with someone who is dehydrate
The frequency and prevalence of heat illness are reduced when dehydration is identified early. a dehydrated, aware, and conscientious athlete.
How does it take for your body to rehydrate?However, after consuming a considerable amount of water, your body typically needs two hours to thoroughly rehydrate. The greatest option for rehydrating is drinking water. Gatorade and other sports drinks might be advantageous to athletes who must replace their electrolytes.
What is a better hydrator than water?Milk is among the finest drinks for hydration, according to research, even higher than water or drink mixes. Researchers attribute milk's efficiency to its protein, carbs, and natural electrolytes.
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Which of the following is not an example of how bacteria aid in the nitrogen cycle
changing nitrogen compounds into atmospheric nitrogen
nitrogen fixation
breaking down the tissue of dead organisms
infecting tissueanging nitrogen compounds into atmospheric nitrogen
Infecting tissue is not an example of how bacteria aid in the nitrogen cycle, so the correct option is D.
What is the nitrogen cycle?The nitrogen cycle is a process in which nitrogen is converted into different forms when it circulates through the biosphere, this can be through biological or physical processes. The nitrogen cycle includes fixation, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.
This nitrogen to be able to do this will have to enter through bacteria that converts it into biological forms that can be used, this process is called nitrogen fixation. This nitrogen will then be converted to ammonia and absorbed by plants to generate organic molecules.
Therefore, we can confirm that the correct option is D. infecting tissue.
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in a pcr reaction, which step allows the primer to form hydrogen bonds with the template dna strand? g
The Annealing stage is where the primer is allowed to create hydrogen bonds with template DNA strand. Primers are single stranded DNA or RNA sequences, 20-30 bases long.
What is PCR?
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a lab technique used to quickly amplify millions of copies of DNA segments, to be studied in detail. The Polymerase chain reaction is highly precise and is used for copying, amplifying specific DNA from a mixture containing different DNA molecules.
It has three simple steps:
Denaturation is where the double helix is denatured to single strands
Annealing is where primers are attached to the initial strands for synthesis of new strand.
And Extension is where the DNA strands are extended from primers.
PCR is now widely used for many things such as, cloning, mutation detection, microarrays, forensics, genotyping, etc.
Hence, annealing is the stage where primer forms hydrogen bonds with template DNA.
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In are the risks of derivatives manageable?, thomas a. Bass posits that market failures were due in part to mismanagement of derivative investments. What does he recommend?.
In "Are the risks of derivatives manageable", Thomas a. Bass posits that market failures were due in part to mismanagement of derivative investments and in which he recommends widespread regulation of derivatives or a complete ban. Hence, option A.
A securities is considered a derivative if its price is based on, or derived from, one or more underlying assets (such as interest rate, stocks, commodity, etc.). It is a contract between (at least) two parties based on the asset(s), and its value is determined by changes in the underlying asset.
Although derivatives are useful for hedging risks, they also create hazards that must be handled like any financial products. Thomas A. Bass contends that improper management of derivatives investments is the root of market failure and urges that derivatives be strictly controlled or outlawed.
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Question correction:
In are the risks of derivatives manageable?, thomas a. Bass posits that market failures were due in part to mismanagement of derivative investments. What does he recommend?
A. Bass recommends widespread regulation of derivatives or a complete ban.
B. Bass recommends further use of derivatives as a source of investment for banks and hedge funds.
C. Bass recommends a safety net for banks who fail due to their use of derivatives, citing the ethical nature of the investment.
D. Bass recommends implementing aggressive strategies to maximize returns in managing investments of wealthy private investors.
During contraction, the internal chambers of the heart become smaller, which forces roughly 50-75 percent of the blood into the __________.
During contraction, internal chambers of the heart become smaller, that forces 50-75 percent of the blood into the ventricles.
What is the function of ventricles?The left ventricle is the thickest of the heart's chambers and pumps oxygenated blood to tissues all over the body whereas, the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.
The first and second ventricles are lateral ventricles and these C-shaped structures are located on each side of cerebral cortex. The third ventricle is a narrow and funnel-shaped structure situated between right and left thalamus.
Diastole and systole are phases of the cardiac cycle n which systole occurs when the heart contracts to pump the blood out and diastole occurs when the heart relaxes after contraction.
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which stage of urine production involves the removal of substances from the bloodstream? question 18 options: a) reabsorption b) excretion c) filtration d) secretion
The elimination of chemicals from the circulation occurs during the stage of urine production known as filtering.
Which step in the creation of urine requires replenishing the bloodstream with water, nutrients, and electrolytes?The procedure in question is known as glomerular filtration. kidney tubules These small tubes reabsorb and release the necessary minerals, nutrients, and water for your body (including sodium and potassium).
Where does urination take place?As it travels through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney, urea, along with water and other waste products, creates the urine. both ureters. Urine passes through these small tubes from the kidneys to the bladder.
What three steps are involved in producing urine?The three steps of urine production are glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
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a man is a carrier for sickle cell anemia. he mates with a woman who is also a carrier for sickle cell anemia. what is the probability that the couple will have a child who is homozygous for the sickle cell anemia allele and thereby affected by the disease?
When a man who is a carrier for sickle cell anemia mates with a woman who is also a carrier for sickle cell anemia then the probability that the couple will have a child who is homozygous for the sickle cell anemia allele and thereby affected by the disease is 25%.
What is sickle cell anemia?Sickle cells that block the flow of blood to organs deprive the affected organs of both blood and oxygen. In sickle cell anemia, blood is chronically low in oxygen and this lack of oxygen-rich blood damage nerves and organs including kidneys, liver and spleen, and can be fatal.
There is a 25% chance that a child, regardless of sex, will have the disease if man and woman both are carriers of disease. Since, sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive trait, therefore female and male offspring are affected equally.
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two parts of your brain that are critical to regulating circadian rhythm are the hypothalamus and the group of answer choices pineal body. amygdala. cerebellum. brain stem.
Two parts of your brain that are critical to regulating circadian rhythm are the hypothalamus and the Pineal body.
Your hypothalamus, a structure deep in your brain, acts as your body's clever control coordinating middle. Its principal function is to hold your body in a solid kingdom known as homeostasis. It does its job through immediately influencing your autonomic frightened device or through handling hormones.
The function of the hypothalamus is to maintain your body's internal stability, which is called homeostasis. To try this, the hypothalamus facilitates stimulate or inhibit many of your frame's key tactics, such as:
* Heart rate
* Blood strain.
Hypothalamus performs a critical role in many vital functions, along with:
1) Releasing hormones.
2) Maintaining daily physiological cycles.
3) Controlling urge for food.
4) Managing sexual behavior.
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if an individual who is homozygous for type b blood marries a heterozygous type a individual, what is the chance that their first child will have type ab blood?
50%. Red blood cells with blood group a antigens have anti-B plasma antibodies. Plasma from people with blood group B contains anti-A antibodies and B antigens. Blood group O has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma but no antigens.
What about blood groups?Your blood type is determined by the genes you inherited from your parents.Each of the eight different blood types can either be RhD positive or RhD negative.The eight most frequent blood types are A+, A-, B+, B-, O+, O-, AB+, AB-. In addition to the A and B antigens, the Rh factor is a protein that can either be present (+) or absent (-).The least common blood types are B negative (B -ve), which make up just 1.5% of the population. AB negative, or AB -ve, which makes up 0.6% of the population. AB +ve, which is present in 3.4 percent of the population. Red blood cells that are type O negative are thought to be the safest to give to anyone in a life-threatening situation or when there is a shortage of blood that is exactly the right match. Because type O negative blood cells lack antibodies to A, B, or Rh antigens, this is the case. Rh-null is one of the rarest blood types in the world. Due to the absence of any Rh antigens, this blood type can't be Rh negative. Less than 50 individuals have this blood type. Sometimes, it is referred to as "golden blood."Learn more about blood groups here:
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concentration gradient
Answer:
Is the difference between the concentration of the molecules between the region of the high concentrations and that of the lower concentration
If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what will occur?.
Adding an enzyme to a solution in which its product and substrate are in equilibrium The system's free energy will alter.
Where can you find enzymes?Digressionary enzymes are produced by your pancreas, small intestine, and stomach. The "powerhouse" of digestion's enzymes is actually the pancreas. The most crucial digestive enzymes, which break down proteins, lipids, and carbs, are produced by it.
How countless enzymes are there in a human body?In our bodies, every chemical action and reaction requires a certain amount of energy, which is carried by enzymes, which are protein molecules. The human cell has about 1300 different types of enzymes. Digestive enzymes from natural sources They can help your digestion if you eat them. Honey, particularly raw honey, contains amylase and protease.
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suppose two aabbcc individuals are mated. assuming that the genes are not linked, what fraction of the offspring are expected to be homozygous recessive for the three traits?
1 is a fraction of the offspring that are expected to be homozygous recessive for the three traits because gamete formed are only abc i.e. abc × abc .
You are seeking for a pair of alleles that are both lower case when we say homozygous recessive. In other words, the recessive feature will manifest itself phenotypically. The genotype that you would want in the Punnet would thus be: aabbcc only .
Heterozygous genotype refers to an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele. This genotype's designation in our case is Bb. Finally, homozygous recessive refers to an organism's genotype that consists of two recessive alleles i.e. bb
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some flagellated species fail to produce flagella when grown under labortory conditions. what might be the disncetive
Bacteria will not move if they do not have to in order to collect nutrients because they are in favourable conditions, therefore even though the can contains these bacteria, they would not produce flagella.
When favourable circumstances are present, organisms have a tendency to preserve energy and refocus it on reproduction rather than on activities that are no longer necessary given the circumstances. The same holds true for bacteria growing in culture because food is easily available and bacteria no longer need to develop flagella in order to move in order to capture it thus they try to conserve their energy and refocus it on reproduction.
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How can children from the same parents look so different?
The answer has to do with the fact that each parent actually has two different sets of genes. And that each parent passes only half of their genes to their child. And that the half that gets passed down is random. All of this together ensures that each child ends up with a different, unique set of genes
Explanation:
Hope this helps everyone even you :)
Answer: Each parent has two different sets of genes, which means that each parent only passes half of their genes to their child. The half that gets passed down is random so each child ends up with a different, unique set of genes. This can cause children from the same parents to look so different.
Explanation:
48 POINTS!!!
Which statement best describes a physical change?
A) Changes can occur to certain chemical properties of the substance, but the overall shape of the substance will remain the same.
B) Changes can occur to certain physical properties of the substance, but the overall shape of the substance will remain the same.
C)Changes can occur to physical properties of a substance, but the chemical composition of the substance remains the same.
D)Changes can occur to chemical properties of a substance, but the chemical composition of the substance remains the same.
Answer:
Answer choice C. is correct.
Explanation:
Physical change is a change in which there is no change in the chemical arrangement and thus there is no redistribution of atoms. No new substances are formed.
1. At what auxin concentration
are the stems stimulated to grow the most?
Auxin in high concentrations increases stem development while inhibiting root growth.
Why do roots grow?Under ideal circumstances, root growth happens equally well from nursery stock that has been grown in containers, fields, or as bare roots. This enables the tree to continue growing vigorously and establish itself fast. The structure of the root system is another fac tree formation tor in.
Trimming roots encourages growth?Long used in nursery tree development as well as to manage fruit tree vigor and cropping. Despite the anecdotal evidence suggesting pruning can promote root growth and can be especially helpful in reversing the effects of root circling, gardeners are frequently hesitant to cut and clip roots.
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Living things that are well adapted to their environment survive and reproduce. Those that are not well adapted don't survive and reproduce. An adaptation is any characteristic that increases fitness, which is defined as the ability to survive and reproduce. What characteristic of the mice is an adaptation that increased their fitness?
Answer:
Natural Selection
Explanation:
one traditional explanation for why hominins develop bipedalism is that is helped them to see prey and avoid predators in the high savanna grass. what is one major problem with this idea?
One major problem with the idea of bipedalism is that it has made climbing significantly more difficult.
The first is that it makes climbing much more challenging. In an arboreal environment, hominids are less secure without the capacity to grab with their feet. Therefore, a behavioural shift toward carrying dependent kids until they could walk must have been one of the adaptations to bipedalism.
The savannah theory, sometimes known as the savanna hypothesis, postulates that the evolution of human bipedalism was caused by our ancestors' shift from an arboreal to a savanna lifestyle. The theory holds that hominins fled the woodlands that had been their natural habitat millions of years ago and adapted to their new environment by walking upright.
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which of the following are reasons for why many environmentalists do not see nuclear energy as a clean alternative energy source pols 2401
The production of radioactive wastes, such as spent (used) reactor fuel and other radioactive waste, is a significant environmental hazard associated with nuclear power. These substances may continue to be radioactive and hazardous to human health for tens of thousands of years.
The creation of electricity by nuclear reactions is known as nuclear power. Nuclear processes such as nuclear fission, nuclear decay, and nuclear fusion may all provide nuclear energy. Nuclear power plants currently generate the great majority of the world's electricity from nuclear energy through the fission of uranium and plutonium. Hazardous waste comes in the form of radioactive waste when radioactive material is present. Numerous operations, including nuclear research, nuclear energy production, rare-earth mining, and the reprocessing of nuclear weapons, produce radioactive waste.
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If one DNA strand reads CCGTAATGCAT, what will be the sequence of the complementary strand?
Microorganisms play a vital role in the nitrogen cycle “justify the statement.
Answer:
Without nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrogen would not be replenished.
Explanation:
The nitrogen cycle is critical because all living things need nitrogen. Atmospheric nitrogen cannot be used by most organisms and must be converted into a usable form. This is why we need microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria) to do this task. Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted into usable ammonia (NH3) and to nitrates and nitrites (NO3 & NO2). Other bacteria convert these back to N2. These are all important to keep nitrogen cycling.
It is becoming clear that denitrifying fungi, nitrifying archaea, anammox bacteria, aerobic denitrifying bacteria, and heterotrophic nitrifying microorganisms are key players in the nitrogen cycle.
In the nitrogen fixation process, nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert the N2
in the atmosphere into NH3 (ammonia). This bacteria binds hydrogen molecules with the gaseous nitrogen to form ammonia in the soil.
During assimilation, or when plants take up nitrates from the soil, bacteria aid in the process with the plants making ammonia. Animal waste is also a major place where bacteria thrive and produce ammonia. The process in which assimilation occurs in plants, and then bacteria convert the nitrates to ammonia is called ammonification.
From the conversion of ammonia to nitrites, bacteria also aid in this process called nitrification. The nitrifying bacteria mostly present in soils, oxidize ammonia into nitrites, and from nitrites to nitrates.
Finally, the process of denitrification also has bacteria present to aid in converting nitrates back into a gaseous form of nitrogen in the atmosphere.
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