The statement multiple mass extinction events have occurred in Earth’s history is a pattern in the fossil record (Option D).
What are multiple mass extinction events?Multiple mass extinction events are phenomena in the geological periods in which occurred the removal of certain groups of species and it can be tracked by serving the fossils in the fossil record.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that multiple mass-extinction events refer to the disappearance of certain taxonomic groups in the fossil record, which is one of the most common characteristics of this type of record.
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the radioactive half-life of a material is the time for group of answer choices its decay rate to reduce to half. half of an original quantity of the material to decay. both of these neither of these
The radioactive half-life of a material is the time for both of these. Option C.
The half-life of a radioisotope is the time it takes for half of the radioisotope to decay. Certain radioisotopes have a constant half-life. It is unaffected by conditions and is independent of the initial amount of its isotope. Half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms of a particular radionuclide to decay.
As a rule of thumb after 7 half-lives, the radiation dose is less than 1% of the original dose. The half-life is then determined from the basic definition of radioactivity as the product of the decay constant λ of the radionuclide and the number of radioactive atoms N present. Half-life is defined as The time required for half of an existing radioactive nucleus to decay. That's what it means to have a short half-life. Activity declines rapidly because many nuclei decay in a short time.
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I need help with question 11
Nucleus 2: ¹⁸₈F
Nucleus 4: ¹⁹₈F
(Isotopic notation are similar as nuclear notation, or the atomic mass, symbol, and atomic number.)
A heat engine operates between a source at 477°c and a sink at 25°c. If heat is supplied to the heat engine at a steady rate of 65,000 kj/min, determine the maximum power output of this heat engine.
The maximum power output of this heat engine is 39,165.75 kJ/min. The result is obtained by using the value of Carnot Efficiency.
What is Carnot Efficiency?The efficiency of a heat engine is generally expressed as
[tex]\eta = \frac{W}{Q_{h}}[/tex]
Where
W = work output (J)Qh = heat energy input (J)The Carnot Efficiency is the maximum efficiency of heat engine that is dependent on the temperatures of the hot source (Th) and the cold sink (Tc). The Carnot Efficiency can be expressed as
[tex]\eta = 1 - \frac{T_{c} }{T_{h}}[/tex]
Where
Tc = temperature of the cold sink (K)Th = temperature of the hot source (K)Given the temperature of the hot source at 477°C and the cold sink at 25°C. The heat is supplied at a steady rate of 65,000 kJ/min.
What is maximum power output of this heat engine?
First, we convert temperature unit from Celsius to Kelvin.
[tex]T_{h} = 477 + 273.15 = 750.15 K[/tex]
[tex]T_{c} = 25 + 273.15 = 298.15 K[/tex]
The Carnot Efficiency is
[tex]\eta = 1 - \frac{T_{c} }{T_{h}}[/tex]
[tex]\eta = 1 - \frac{298.15 }{750.15}[/tex]
[tex]\eta = 1 - 0.39745[/tex]
[tex]\eta = 0.60255[/tex]
The power equals work divided by time. By using the value of Carnot efficiency, the maximum power output is
[tex]\eta = \frac{\frac{W}{t} }{\frac{Q_{h}}{t} }[/tex]
[tex]0.60255 = \frac{\frac{W}{t} }{65.000}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{W}{t} = 65.000 \times 0.60255[/tex]
[tex]\frac{W}{t} = 39,165.75 kJ/min[/tex]
Hence, the maximum power output of this heat engine is 39,165.75 kJ/min.
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Rubbing alcohol has a density of approximately .79 g/mL
Baby oil has a density of approximately
.83 g/mL
Would rubbing alcohol float on top of or sink underneath the baby oil?
Since the density of rubbing alcohol is lower than the density of baby oil, rubbing alcohol will float on top of the baby oil.
What is density?The density of a substance is the ratio of the mass of the substance and its volume. It is mathematically expressed as:
Density = mass/volume
It is the property that measures how densely packed the molecules of a substance are.
The density of water is approximately 1 g/mL. Substances whose densities are lower than that of water will float on while those whose densities are higher than that of water will sink in it.
Two immiscible liquid substances will either float over or sink under one another depending on their densities. The liquid with the lower density will float while the one with the higher density will sink.
Thus, if the density of rubbing alchohol is 0.79 g/mL and that of baby oil is 0.83 g/mL, it means that the rubbing alcohol will float over the baby oil.
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given the rate at which human activity is increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, why can't we expect the natural carbon dioxide cycle to prevent global warming?
the human activities like coal tar minings, foctory out let releasing the carbon gases out with out filtering, air polluting activities, over using personal vehicles for unnecessary activities, and many other reasons that are briefly explained below
what is global warming?
a steady rise in atmospheric temperature often attributed to the greenhouse effect brought on by higher quantities of carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
The quantity of carbon dioxide emitted by human activity each year is at least 60 times greater than that produced by volcanoes. Large, ferocious eruptions may, for a few hours, match the pace of human emissions, but they are too uncommon and brief to come close to the yearly emissions of humans. In fact, the annual carbon dioxide emissions from a few specific U.S. states exceed those of the planet's entire active volcanoes.
In 2015, around 40 billion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide were released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity, mostly the burning of coal and other fossil fuels, but also cement manufacture, deforestation, and other landscape changes. The Global Carbon Project estimates that since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, human activities have contributed more than 2,000 billion metric tonnes of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
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Question 1: (answer in place of item 15)
Use what you know about valence structure to predict how chlorine will bond with Silicon.
Extra Credit: What shape do you predict this molecule will take?
Question 2:(answer in place of item 16)
In a chemical reaction explain 2 things that are always the same on the reactant and product side and one thing that might change in the course of the reaction.
Question 3:(answer in place of item 17)
Use what you know about electronegativity to predict the relative strength of the bond between CaO (Calcium Oxide) and NiO (Nickel II Oxide).
Question 4:(answer in place of item 18)
Balance: NO + H2O → NH3 + O2
List the amounts of Nitrous Oxide, Water, Ammonia, and Oxygen in the balanced equation.
Question 5:(answer in place of item 19)
Titration reveals that 14.0 mL of 2.0 M sulfuric acid are required to neutralize the sodium hydroxide in 25.00 mL of NaOH solution. What is the molarity of the NaOH solution?
H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Na2SO4(aq)
1)The bond between silicon and chlorine will be covalent bond.
2) The mass and amount of atoms are same . bonds between atom will change.
3) the balanced reaction is :
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
1) The valence electron in silicon is 4 and the valance electron in chlorine is 7 . there is not much difference in their electronegativity . so, they do not form ionic bond they will form covalent bond.
2) In a chemical reaction the 2 things that are always same is the amount of atoms and the mass . the one thing that will change is the bonding between the atoms.
3) the reaction is :
NO + H₂O ----> NH₃ + O₂
reactants products
N 1 1
O 2 2
H 2 3
hydrogen is not balanced . so multipy 3 in H₂O and 2 in NH₃ and 2 in NO 5/2 in O₂
2NO + 3H₂O ----> 2NH₃ + 5/2O₂
now the reaction is balance . to make it whole number multiply thae whole equation with 2, we get:
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
Thus, 1)The bond between silicon and chlorine will be covalent bond.
2) The mass and amount of atoms are same . bonds between atom will change.
3) the balanced reaction is :
4NO + 6H₂O ----> 4NH₃ + 5O₂
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Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the segment given it's endpoints (-3, 7) and (3,-5)
Answer:
(0,1)
Explanation:
Endpoints (-3, 7) and (3,-5)
The midpoints will be the average of the x and y coordinates:
Midpoint for x = (-3+3)/2 = 0
Midpoint for y = (7-5)/2 = 1
(0,1)
which group of elements, metals or nonmetals, will tend to form ions that are larger than their parent atom?
Metals will tend to form ions that are larger than their parent atom.
Do metals become smaller or larger when they become ions?
Metals frequently lose electrons, forming cations, which are positively charged ions. Non-metals frequently acquire electrons and produce anions, which are negatively charged ions.All metals are capable of cation formation and electron loss. Alkali and alkali earth metals (groups 1 and 2) form cations that get bigger as you move down the groups and atomic radii follow suit. The ionic radii of the cations do not vary significantly over time, starting in the d-block of the periodic table.To learn more about Metal ions, follow the link https://brainly.com/question/28642645
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Which model is useful in showing the reactivity of potassium?
Neither model is able to show the reactivity of potassium.
Model 1 because it shows an electron in the 4s orbital.
Model 2 because it shows an electron in the outermost ring.
Both models because each shows an electron in the outermost shell.
Both models are useful to describe the reactvity of potassium because each shows an electron in the outermost shell.
What are the valence electrons?Valence electrons can be described as the s and p electrons in the outermost shell while the electrons present in the inner shell are called core electrons.
Valence electrons can be all arranged in different shells and are negatively charged particles. These electrons are responsible for chemical interaction between atoms and the formation of chemical bonds.
Only the electrons present in the outermost shell can contribute in the formation of a chemical bond and decide the reactvity of atom such type of electrons is called valence electrons.
The reactivity in potassium can be seen due to one electron present in the valence shell.
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pls help and explain why
The picture shows the balancing of chemical equations. The balanced chemical equation of the reaction is:
2 Na + 2 H₂O ---> 2 NaOH + H₂What are balanced chemical equations?Balanced chemical equations are equations in which the number of moles of atoms of elements that are reacting is equal to the number of moles of atoms of the elements that are produced.
The balancing of chemical reactions follows the law of conservation of mass which states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another.
Hence, in a balanced chemical equation, the mass of the reactants is equal to the sum of the mass of the products.
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what is the melting point of a solution that is formed when 130 g of ethylene glycol (c2h6o2) is dissolved in 1.00 kg of water?
The melting point of a solution that is formed when 130 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) dissolved in 1.00 kg of water is -6.518C.
What is melting point?
Melting point is the temperature at which substance changes state from solid to liquid. Different solids have different melting points. This depends on the pressure which is usually taken as standard pressure that is 1 atmosphere or 100kPa.
The melting point for the given solution can be calculated as,
Number moles of ethylene glycol is calculated as,
n = m / M = 130 g / 62 gmol^-1 = 2.096 mol.
m is mass, M is molecular mass.
Then the molality of the solution is calculated,
Molality = n / mass of solvent in Kg = 2.096 mol / 1 kg = 2.096 mol/kg
The Kf of ethylene glycol = -3.11
Melting point = Kf x molality = -3.11 x 2.096 = -6.518C.
Therefore, the melting point of a solution that is formed when 130 g of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) dissolved in 1.00 kg of water is -6.518C.
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Why does a pot of water start to steam after it boils?
the heat of the water
Explanation:
water heat boils and starts to mske water vapor.
The table shows the nature of the reactants and products formed in a certain type of chemical reaction. Nature of Reactants and Products Reactants Products Ionic compound + Ionic compound Ionic compound + Ionic compound Which of the following is true about this type of chemical reaction? Question 5 options: It is a single replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different. It is a double replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different. It is a single replacement reaction, and each compound has the same set of ions. It is a double replacement reaction, and each compound has the same set of ions.
Based o the nature of the reactants and products:
It is a double replacement reaction, and all four compounds are different; option B is correctWhat is the chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is a reaction that results in changes in the chemical properties of substances.
A chemical reaction results in the formation of new products.
There are several types of chemical reactions such as:
Single replacement reactions - this is a type of reaction in which one element replaces the radical in another chemical compound.This is illustrated as follows: AB + C ---> AC + B
Double replacement reactions - this is a type of reaction in which the negative radicals in two chemical compounds are exchanged between the metallic or positive radicals in each chemical compound.This is illustrated as follows: AB + CD ---> AC + BD
Hence, two ionic compounds react to produce two iob=nic compounds.
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a shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is called a group of answer choices
A shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is called a Chemical equation.
All the elements in chemistry have specific name and properties. Along with this, they all have a particular sign like Na for sodium, Ar for Argon and K for potassium.
Rather than writing the full name in words of the elements, we write only the symbols of the element along with the products and the reactants separated by using a arrow pointing towards products side.
For example,
Chemical reaction: Sodium hydroxide reacts with Hydrogen chloride to form Sodium chloride and water.
Chemical equation: NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O.
So, as we can see from the example, the chemical equation is much more easier to understands and shorter.
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50 POINTS
Which chemical formula most likely describes ozone?
O A. O
OB. 03
OC. 0₂
O D. 000
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Ozone (O3) is a gas which is present naturally within Earth's atmosphere. It is formed of three oxygen atoms (giving it the chemical formula, O3).
what are the formulas of the compounds that correspond to the names given in the following table? compound name formula carbon tetrabromide cobalt(ii) phosphate magnesium chloride nickel(ii) acetate calcium nitrate
the formulas of the compounds that correspond to the names carbon tetrabromide cobalt(ii) CBr4 co(ii), calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x.
Tetrabromoethane, commonly called carbon tetrabromide or CBr4, is a kind of carbon tetrabromide. It is used as a sedative, an intermediate in the production of agrochemicals, a solvent for greases, waxes, and oils, and in the blowing and vulcanization processes in the plastic and rubber industries. It is a component of compounds that are fire-resistant since it is not flammable. Because of its high density, it is also employed in the separation of minerals. An inorganic substance having the formula Ca(NO3)2(H2O)x is calcium nitrate, popularly known as norgessalpeter (Norwegian Salpeter). The infrequently encountered anhydrous chemical turns into the tetrahydrate by absorbing moisture from the atmosphere. Salts come in both colorless anhydrous and hydrated forms. There are other uses for calcium nitrate besides being a component of fertilizers.
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what is the mass percent (m/m), of a solution prepared from 50.0 g nacl and 150.0 g of water? what is the mass percent (m/m), of a solution prepared from 50.0 g nacl and 150.0 g of water? 25.0% 40.0% 3.00% 0.250% 33.3%
The correct answer is 25%. Option A.
Solution:
mass of NaCl (solute) = 50 g
mass of H2O (solvent) = 150 g
Mass of solution = mass of solute + mass of solvent
= (50 + 150) g
= 200 g
Concentration of mass% (m/m) = (mass of solute / mass of solution) x 100 %
= (50/200) x 100 %
= (0.25) x 100 %
= 25.0%
Therefore answer is 25.0% (m/m)
The mass percentage is calculated by dividing the mass of one component by the total mass of the mixture and multiplying by 100%. A mole fraction is a unit of concentration defined as the number of moles of a component divided by the total number of moles in the solution. Solution mass percent is defined as the mass of solute present per 100 grams of solution.
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which of the following are non-conservative properties of a deep water mass? 1. temperature 2. dissolved gases (o2, co2) 3. salinity 4. nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silica)
Option 4. nutrients (nitrate, phosphate, silica) are non-conservative properties of a deep water mass.
The non-conservative factors like phosphorous (P), iron (Fe), and carbon (C) or dissolved inorganic carbon found in seawater are chemically or biologically reactive. Conservative elements have longer residence instances. that is the purpose these factors make up the majority of the sea's dissolved materials.
Sodium and chloride are nonconservative constituents of seawater. Non-conservative pollutants approach pollutants that are presumed to be destroyed, biodegraded, chemically converted, or volatilized within the POTW to some diploma.
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an aqueous solution contains 0.331 m hydrocyanic acid. how many ml of 0.268 m potassium hydroxide would have to be added to 150 ml of this solution in order to prepare a buffer with a ph of 9.230?
564.930995917 ml of potassium hydroxide would have to be added .
What is pH ?
The pH of a food is a direct function of the free hydrogen ions present in that food. Acids in food release free hydrogen ions. Hydrogen ions give acidic foods their characteristic sour taste. Therefore, pH can be defined as a measure of free acid. More specifically, pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration. The pH range is 0 to 14. The pH of pure water is exactly 7, so pH 7 is neutral. Values less than 7 are acidic. Values above 7 are basic or basic.
Foods are generally classified as “acidic foods” (low pH, pH 4.6 or less) or “weakly acidic foods” (high pH, pH 4.6 or higher). Safe food storage is determined by the pH of the food. Acidic foods such as fruit and pickles can be safely canned in a tin can with a hot water bath. A combination of acid and hot water (212°F) destroys perishable organisms such as mold and yeast. Proper cooking water canning processes are important to prevent the growth of acid-tolerant molds and yeasts that can lead to elevated pH levels. The pH of borderline foods such as figs and tomatoes can easily exceed 4.6, so lemon juice or citric acid should be added before canning with boiling water. Low-acid foods such as vegetables and meat should be processed in a pressure preserver for safety.
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find the molality of the solution if 42 grams of potassium chloride (kcl) are dissolved in 3.6 kg of water.
When 42 grams of potassium chloride (kcl) are dissolved in 3.6 kilogram of water, the resulting solution has a molality of 0.156 m.
Describe molality.The term "molal concentration" is another word for molality. It measures the solute concentration in a solution. There are a variety of terminology that can be used to describe a solution's concentration, including molarity, molality, normality, formality, volume percentage, weight percentage, and parts per million. The term must determine the molecular weight of the solute and the mass of the solvent.
Molality is the best method for transferring concentration since the mass of the solute and solvent in the solution is constant.
Molality = moles of solute/ liters of solution
Moles of KCl = (42g KCl) x (1 mole KCl/74.5513 g) = 0.5633 moles KCl
Water in kg = 3.6 kg
m = 0.5633/3.6
m = 0.156
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studocu serine proteases make use of which strategy among the four general strategies for catalysis? a.catalysis by approximation b. non-covalent c.covalent d. metal ion
The serine proteases use combination of the given strategies catalysis by approximation, non-covalent, covalent and metal ion
Serine proteases catalyze non-covalent bond is a sort of chemical link, generally between macromolecules, that doesn't entail the exchanging of electron pairs but instead involves more diffused types of electromagnetic interactions. In supermolecular chemistry, non-covalent bonds between supermolecules predominate over other types of bonds. The exchange of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms forms a covalent connection. The two atomic nuclei are drawing these electrons in unison. When there is insufficient space between two atoms' electronegativities for an electron transfer to take place and create ions, a covalent bond is formed.
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Which of the following elements is the LEAST reactive?
Fluorine, Rubidium, Cesium, and Gold
Answer:
The least reactive metals would be Platinum, Gold, Palladium, Osmium and Silver and in the decreasing order.
Of the following elements: Fluorine, Rubidium, Cesium, and Gold is the LEAST reactive:
Gold
What type of solution contains more solute than would normally dissolve at that temperature?
Super saturated solution is a term used to describe a solution that contains more solute than the saturated solution at a particular temperature.
What kind of solution liquefies a substance more quickly?Your solution is referred to as unsaturated if you can continue to add solute while it still dissolves. Your solution is saturated when it can no longer dissolve any more solute at a particular temperature.
What sort of solution exceeds the maximum solute concentration?A solution that, under the same circumstances, contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution is said to be supersaturated. The link between temperature and a substance's solubility is displayed by a solubility curve.
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18 in scientific notation
Move the decimal so there is a non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point. The number of decimals you move will be the exhibitor on the 1010. If the decimal has been moved to the right, the exponent will be negative. If the decimal has been moved to the left, the exponent will be positive.
[tex]1.8 \times 10 { }^{1} [/tex]
a buffer is formed by adding 1.0 mol of methylamine, ch3nh2, and 1.0 mol of methylammonium, ch3nh3 , in a 1.0 l container. if a 10.0 ml sample of this buffer is diluted to 1000 ml with water, what is the ph of the diluted buffer? for methylamine, kb
If a 10.0 ml sample of this buffer is diluted to 1000 ml with water,the ph of the diluted buffer is 9.26.
pH of Buffer Solution can be calculated as :
pH = pKa - log ( [ Salt ] / [ Base ] )
Since Kb = 1.8 x 10-5
then , pKb = 4.74
Since , pKa + pKb = 14 \Rightarrow pKa = 9.26
Initial concentration of NH3 and (NH4)+ is 1 M.
Now 10 mL of the sample is taken and diluted to 1000 mL
Since , M1V1 = M2V2
Where M1 is the Molarity of the solution before dilution and V1 is the volume taken ( M1 = 1 M ; V1 = 10 mL)
M2 is the Molarity of the solution after dilution and V2 ( V2 =1000 mL ) is the Final volume of the solution.
M2 = M1V1 / V2 \Rightarrow M2 = ( 1 x 10 ) / 1000 = 0.01 M .
Final concentration of NH3 and (NH4)+ in the sample is 0.01 M.
then , [ Salt ] / [ Base ] = 1
Since , log( 1 ) =0
Then pH = pKa = 9.26
The pH of the Buffer solution is 9.26.
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17. in general, molecules and ions always follow the octet rule unless it is impossible. the three types of exceptions are molecules/ions with too few electrons, molecules/ions with an odd number of electrons, and molecules/ions with too many electrons. a. which atoms sometimes have fewer than 8 electrons around them? give an example. b. which atoms sometimes have more than 8 electrons around them? give some examples. c. why are odd- electron species generally very reactive and uncommon? give an example of an odd-electron molecule.
Boron and beryllium sometimes have less than 8 electrons around them, Sulphur sometimes has more than 8 electrons around it and odd electron species are reactive because of their instability and their examples ate NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.
a. The example of the atoms which sometimes have fewer than 8 electrons around them are Boron and beryllium.
b. The example of the atom with sometimes have more than 8 electrons around them is Sulphur.
c. The odd electrons species generally are very reactive and uncommon because there highly unstable.
To achieve stability the readily reacts with other compounds in order to complete their octet and achieves stability. They are very uncommon because when they are formed, they tend to break the octet rule which is not very frequently observed in the atoms. The example of odd electrons species are NO, NO₂ and ClO₂.
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assume that after the first heating, your total mass of the crucible and contents is 1.76 g. after the second heating, the total mass is 1.77 g. what choice best describes what is happening with your reaction?
The total mass of the crucible and contents is 1.76g.It becomes 1.77g after the second heating. Here the decomposition reaction occurs.
Crucible is a metal container in which the substances are subjected to very high temperature.Decomposition reaction is the reaction in which a molecule breaks down to form two or more components. All decomposition reactions are the reverse of a combination of reactions.one of the product of decomposition must be in the elemental state.All decomposition reactions are not redox reactions. By heating a crucible and a content using intense gas flame,the mass of the content of the crucible will increase to some extent.so,the mass is increased from 1.76g to 1.77g.
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a lab worker wishes to dilute 5.00 x 102 ml of 18.0 m hcl to a concentration of 0.25 m. what volume of distilled water (l) must they add to the initial solution to achieve this lower concentration?
The volume of distilled water they must add to the initial solution to achieve this lower concentration is 35.5 l.
Dilution is defined as the process in which the concentration of a sample is decreased by adding more solvent. The dilution formula is given below.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
where C₁ = initial concentration of sample = 18.0 m
V₁ = initial volume of sample = 5.00 x 10² ml
C₂ = final concentration after dilution = 0.25 m
V₂ = total final volume after dilution
Plug in the values to the formula and solve for the final volume.
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
(18.0 m)(5.00 x 10² ml) = (0.25 m)V₂
V₂ = 36000 ml
Subtract the initial volume from the final volume to determine the volume of water needed to add.
V of water = V₂ - V₁
V of water = 36000 ml - 5.00 x 10² ml
V of water = 35500ml = 35.5 l
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explain how nutrition hormones and exercise affect bone development and growth
Answer:
Explanation:
Numerous, controlled studies have demonstrated that people who exercise regularly have greater bone density than those who are more sedentary.
Any type of exercise will stimulate the deposition of more bone tissue, but resistance training has a greater effect than cardiovascular activities.
Hope this helps
What compound is formed from Ca2+ and Cl1-
Answer:
You get CaCl2 (Calcium chloride)
Explanation:
Calcium has a +2 charge and chlorine has a -1 charge. You need the net ionic charge to equal zero so you need two chlorine atoms to have the +2 cancel out. You end up with CaCl2.