Circulatory systems have different kinds of functions, gaseous exchange, nutrient transportation, and fighting with infection, hence option c,d,g, and h is correct.
What is the function of the circulatory system?Blood arteries within the circulatory system move blood away from and toward the heart. Arteries transport blood away from the heart, and veins transport blood back to the heart.
The circulatory system delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells also while eliminating contaminants such as carbon dioxide.
The heart, blood, and blood arteries each work together to feed the body's cells. Blood transports carbon dioxide to the lungs (for exhale) and pulls up oxygen via the network of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Therefore doing different functions by the circulatory system, hence option c,d,g, and h is correct.
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happens when humans greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake. group of answer choices cultural eutrophication erosion popular eutrophication oligotrophic water pollution
Cultural eutrophication happens when humans greatly accelerate the input of plant nutrients to a lake.
Human activities can significantly speed up the inflow of plant nutrients into a lake when it’s close to an urban or agricultural region, a process referred to as cultural eutrophication.
What about eutrophication?The natural action of eutrophication is brought on by the buildup of nutrients in lakes and other bodies of water. Nutrient-feeding algae develop to become ugly on the water's surface, reducing its value for enjoyment and blocking water intake pipes. The process of eutrophication, which happens when the environment becomes enriched with nutrients, increases the number of plant and algae development in estuaries and coastal waters, is what causes harmful algal blooms, dead zones, and fish kills. Since eutrophication frequently results in the degradation of water quality and the reduction of dissolved oxygen in water bodies, it’s seen as a severe environmental concern. Eutrophic waters have the potential to eventually become"dead zones" that cannot sustain life. Cultural eutrophication has been linked to hypoxia, blue-green algal blooms, polluted beverage sources, and a decline in recreational options. A process referred to as eutrophication is brought on by an excess of nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, in water. Algae thrive, spread, and color the water green as a result of feeding on the nutrients. Eutrophication are often reduced by controlling the nutrient sources, curtailing fertilizer use, using good soil management techniques, putting mathematical models to use, adopting phytoremediation, etc. Among these, raising general knowledge of eutrophication can help prevent it from happening to water bodies.Learn more about eutrophication here:
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if a rna virus with radioactive sulfur was allowed to infect non-radioactive bacteria and replicate. then the cells were centrifuged to separate the virus from bacteria. which fraction will contain the highest radioactivity?
If a RNA virus with radioactive sulfur was allowed to infect non-radioactive bacteria and replicate then in the centrifugation process, the highest radioactivity would be found in the protein coat of the virus which is present in the supernatant.
RNA is the abbreviation for Ribonucleic acid. It is the unstable type of nucleic acid generally present in some viruses and bacteria. There are three main forms of RNA: m-RNA, r-RNA and t-RNA.
Radioactivity is the presence of some radioactive element in any biological molecule that emits radiation spontaneously. Since DNA does not contain any sulfur, therefore the virus can contain radioactivity only in the protein coat. Sulfur is an essential part of cell membranes.
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neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to attach to microorganisms and other foreign material. undergo chemotaxis. produce toxic oxygen products. migrate. engulf microorganisms and other foreign material.
The correct answer is option C.
Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to produce toxic oxygen products.
What are neutrophils?
In general, neutrophils are also classified as white blood cells. These are also known as leukocytes.
These cells act as the front line warriors of the human immune system with strong defensive powers against external harmful microbes or pathogens. Their concentration is humans is about 40-70%.
Whenever a foreign particle enters the body their defensive mechanism turn on and they fight against it.
Generally, if their percentage is high is human body then there are chances of an infection.
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Based on the reactivity of li, na and k. Predict the behavior of rb and cs. Why would we not do these experiments in the freshman chemistry labs?.
Rubidium and caesium are less reactive in comparison to Lithium Sodium and potassium. These experiment should not be performed in freshmen Chemistry lab because Lithium Sodium and potassium are highly reactive elements.
The same group contains the elements lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. These are all components in group 1.
When we move from top to bottom in the group, lithium is at the top and caesium is at the bottom. The element becomes less reactive. The ionization energy drops, which causes a drop in reactivity.
From top to bottom in the group, the element's size grows. The element becomes less reactive as a result of its larger size since the ionization enthalpy is decreased. Due to the three compounds' extreme reactivity—lithium, sodium, and potassium—when they are left open, they react even with air, making them inappropriate for use in freshman chemistry laboratories.
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describe the following types of assisted reproductive technology:
a) Conventional in vitro fertilization
b) Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
c) laser - assisted hatching
d) Artificial insemination
Conventional in vitro fertilization refers to the development of embryos in the laboratory conditions, intracytoplasmic sperm injection refers to the add of sperm cytoplasm to the egg cell, laser-assisted hatching helps the egg cell to reach the zona pellucida while artificial insemination helps to development of a zygote by artificial fertilization.
What does assisted reproductive technology mean?The medical term assisted reproductive technology makes reference to all methods and strategies aimed at enhancing or helping the development of the zygote or embryo after fertilization, which may be in vitro fertilization (laboratory conditions) or in vivo conditions into the reproductive system.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that assisted reproductive technologies refer to a broad differential category of strategies and methods aimed at helping with the development of zygotes and embryos in the reproductive system of a woman or in the lab conditions.
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what is the major environmental consequence of rapid population growth in the mountain west region of the united states?
The biggest environmental consequence of the United States' Mountain West region's rapid population growth: Strain on physical resources, such as water.
The correct option is d.
Rapid population growth is an increase in a population's size brought on by greater birth rates and lower death rates. Short-term food shortages and restricted resources are two effects of fast population increase.
Rapid population expansion has a negative consequence on a nation's economy and increases waste production and pollution as well as the demand for jobs, which is expanding, and on housing, schools, and infrastructure.
The increase in population in United States' Mountain West region has a significant impact on domestic resource demand, particularly that for food, energy, and water, as well as on environmental degradation and climate change. Almost no significant issue confronting America has a solution that would be simpler if the country's population were bigger.
The complete question is:
What is the major environmental consequence of rapid population growth in the Mountain West region of the United States?
Choose one answer.
a. Reduction of grazing lands
b. Land degradation
c. Ozone depletion
d. Strain on physical resources, such as water
e. Rapid climate change
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diseases of the blood or bone marrow are referred to as: group of answer choices morphologies. dyscrasias. lymphadenopathies. hematology.
Diseases of the blood or bone marrow are referred dyscrasias.
What is dyscrasia?
Dyscrasias is an imprecise term that doctors often use to refer to blood-related medical conditions or disorders. These cellular disorders affect plasma or blood components, lymphatic tissue, and bone marrow. Examples of blood dyscrasias are aplastic anemia and cancer, including lymphoma and leukemia.
Aplastic anemia is a type of blood disorder caused by the failure of the bone marrow to produce blood cells. The cause of aplastic anemia that occurs in you can be caused by a viral infection. It can attack the bone marrow in a person, causing the development of aplastic anemia.
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One of the uses for a protein is
an uncorrected mismatch error during human dna replication can result in choose one: a. an extra chromosome. b. the combination of two or more alleles. c. a disruption in the double-helix structure of the dna molecule. d. the potential for a disease or genetic disorder.
The potential for a disease or genetic disorder.
DNA replication is the process by means of which the genome's DNA is copied in cells. Earlier than a cellular divides, it must first replica (or reflect) its whole genome so that every ensuing daughter cell ends up with its personal complete genome.
Replication is an important process because, each time a mobile divides, the 2 new daughter cells have to include the equal genetic records, or DNA, as the discern cell. duplication.
The end result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of 1 new and one vintage chain of nucleotides. That is why DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, half of of the chain is part of the unique DNA molecule, half of is modern-day.
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After an initial infection, b-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?.
Answer:
The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
Explanation:
Hope this helps^^
Answer: See Below
Explanation:
B-cells function is to memorize the characteristics of the antigen that activated their parent B cell during initial infection such that if the memory B cell later encounters the same antigen, it triggers an accelerated and robust secondary immune response.
There are four primary categories of energy expenditure. Of the following, which one represents the majority of total energy use by the body?.
There are four primary categories of energy expenditure, and basal metabolism is one representing the majority of total energy use by the body.
What is Basal Metabolism
Basal Metabolism is the minimum energy required to sustain life.
Basal metabolism is the number of calories needed by the body to carry out its basic functions such as breathing, moving the heart rate, brain function and various activities in the body over time.
Even when eating, absorbing to processing food also requires calories.
In essence, all the small parts in the body are like engines that burn gasoline as they work. Never stop during life, even keep working while sleeping. Just like a car, where when the car starts, gasoline is still used.
The more we move or activity, the more gasoline is burned. A simple example, the lungs burn energy when breathing. They will work harder when climbing stairs than when sitting. That is, whatever we do above the Basal Metabolism level, the more gasoline (energy) we use. The more active we are in daily life, the more our metabolism will increase.
Another way to increase metabolism is to exercise regularly. Exercise can not only increase metabolism, but also can burn energy in cells faster.
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a woman and her spouse both show the normal phenotype for pigmentation, but both had one parent with albinism (albino features; lack of pigmentation). albinism is a recessive trait. what is the probability that their first child will display albinism?
A married couple's skin pigm-entation is typical. Her mom was an albino, and so was his father. An autosomal gen-etic dis-order causes albinism.
A phenotypic example is what?The term "phenotype" describes a person's observable characteristics, such as stature, eye color, and blood type. Both a person's genomic make-up (genotype) and environ-mental circumstances affect their phenotype.
What exactly are a genotype and phenotype?
The genotype of an individual is their own DNA pattern. More specifically, the two traits a person acquired for a specific gene are referred to by this phrase. The clin-ical presentation of a pat-ient is the observable expression of this genotype, or phenotype.
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the transfer of genetic information from dna to rna is called group of answer choices initiation. transcription. translation. elongation.
The transfer of genetic material from DNA to RNA is called transcription.
DNA contains functional units called genes which are the genetic material that gets transcribed from DNA to RNA. Transcription proceeds in three steps- initiation, elongation and termination.
It is done by the formation of messenger RNA or mRNA with the help of RNA polymerase in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The DNA strand that participates in transcription is called the template strand, while the strand that does not participate is called the coding strand.
Transcription is done to make RNA so that it can later be used to make a polypeptide.
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clay would get angry very quickly when he was a teenager. now he is in his fifties and it takes a lot to make him angry. what has changed? please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices clay's levels of the hormone testosterone have decreased. clay's levels of the hormone testosterone have increased. clay's levels of the hormone melatonin have increased. clay's levels of the hormone melatonin have decreased.
Clay would get angry very quickly when he was a teenager but now in his fifties, it takes a lot to make him angry. This is primarily because Clay's levels of the hormone testosterone have decreased. So the correct option is a.
Studies have shown that higher testosterone levels and lower cortisol levels are associated with higher levels of anger. And as the age of a person (here a male) increases then the serum testosterone levels decline with age.
Age-related testosterone decline is due to the waning of both testicular and hypothalamic-pituitary functions. Although it is a slow decline. More than 33% of men over 45 may have lower-than-normal testosterone levels.
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Why is sucrose not a used sugar
1. What is fluid? What states of matter are considered fluids?
2. What role does blood have in the human body?
3. In what way(s) can fluids be harmful to society or the environment?
4. Describe 3 examples (s) in which fluids can help a machine operator.
5. List 3 of the fluids in our bodies that are important for our survival.
Please don't copy and paste
Answer:
1. Fluids are substances such as liquid and gas that can easily flow and have random molecular motion.
2. Blood transports oxygen to many parts of our bodies. It also takes carbon dioxide to the lungs, kidneys, or other filters to be removed from our bodies.
3. When a fluid is contaminated, it may cause serious damage to the environment. For example, if an organism consumes polluted water, it could get very sick and possibly die.
4. Fluids such as water can be used to cut metal by being sprayed at a high speed. Gasoline is used to run all kinds of machines. Water can also be used to clean and cool down machines.
5. Blood, sweat, and urine are all important fluids in our bodies and are created by our bodies.
Explanation:
Really hope this helps you!
Why is the only path of conduction for impulse transmission from the atria to the ventricles through the av node and av bundle?.
The fibrous structure of the heart separates the atria and ventricles from one another.
What use do the ventricles serve?Blood is sent from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, which again transports it to the lungs for oxygenation. The now oxygen-rich plasma leaves the lungs and is pumped into the left ventricle via the left atrium. Through a vast network of arteries, the left ventricle transports oxygen-rich oxygen to the brain.
What are the heart's four ventricles called?Blood with low oxygen content leaves the body through the right atrium and is pumped to a right ventricle. Oxygen-deficient blood is sent to the lungs by the right ventricle. The left atrium takes blood from the lungs that is oxygenated then pumps it to the left ventricle. Blood that is oxygenated is delivered to the body by the left ventricle.
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a researcher conducts a comparative genomic hybridization study to determine if copy number variants play a role in multiple sclerosis. ms patient dna is labeled with green fluorescent dye while control dna is labeled with red fluorescent dye. which gene spot above (a,b, or c) indicates a gene that may be duplicated in ms patients, but present in lower amounts in controls?
Green gene spot indicates a gene that may be duplicated in ms patients, but present in lower amounts in controls genomic hybridization.
Chromosome copy number alterations can be found using the comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) approach without the requirement for cell culture. It offers a comprehensive picture of chromosomal increases and losses throughout a tumour's entire genome. Green fluorochrome is used to mark tumour DNA, which is then combined (1:1) with red-labeled normal DNA and hybridised to typical human metaphase preparations. The green and red-labeled DNA fragments compete with one another to be hybridised to their respective chromosomal loci of origin. The ratio of green to red fluorescence along the chromosomal axis indicates whether the tumour has lost or gained genetic material at that particular site.
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a child has a relatively large amount of brain tissue removed to control a seizure disorder. several years after the surgery, she has almost completely normal functioning. this is evidence of which quality of nervous system tissues?
In seizure disorders, electrical activity in the brain is periodically interrupted, resulting in some temporary impairment of brain function.
What in the brain causes seizures?Nerve cells (neurons) in the brain generate, send, and receive electrical impulses that allow nerve cells in the brain to communicate. Anything that interferes with these communication paths can lead to seizures. Genetic mutations may be the cause of some types of seizure disorders.In seizure disorder, the brain's electrical rhythms tend to become unbalanced, leading to recurrent seizures. In patients with seizures, normal electrical patterns are disrupted by sudden, synchronized bursts of electrical energy that can temporarily impair consciousness, movement, or sensation.Which parts of the brain are affected during a seizure?The temporal lobe is the area of the brain most likely to lead to seizures. The mesial (middle) portions of both temporal lobes are of great importance in epilepsy. It often causes seizures and is susceptible to damage and scarring.
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transpiration is best defined as: group of answer choices diffusion of water from one cell to another. movement of water from soil into the roots and transport via the xylem to leaves where it is lost to the air via the stomata. absorption of co2 from the atmosphere. breakdown of glucose and production of atp.
Transpiration is best defined as the movement of water from soil into the roots and transport via the xylem to leaves where it is lost to the air via the stomata.
In the field of biology, transpiration can be described as a process through which water is lost from the leaves by the process of diffusion.
When there is excess water in the leaves, the guard cells of the stomata open due to which water moves out of the leaves by the diffusion process. The rate of transpiration depends on several factors such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity etc.
The xylem cells bring water from the roots to the leaves where it is utilized and the rest is lost as a result of transpiration.
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if there were only three kinds of nucleotides, how many different types of codons would a genetic code have? (assume that the codons are three nucleotides long.)
describe the structure of a molecule of hemoglobin and explain the role played by iron in the transport of oxygen.
Hemoglobin's structure has four heme groups, each has an iron molecule within the center used to bind and carry oxygen throughout the body.
The delivery of oxygen to the blood is one among iron's most significant roles. The first function of iron is to transport oxygen throughout your body in the hemoglobin of red blood cells so that your cells can make energy. Additionally, iron enhances myoglobin's capacity to store oxygen.
What about hemoglobin?Red blood cells include the protein hemoglobin, which transports oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and carbon dioxide from those tissues back to your lungs. You have a low red blood cell count if a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is lower than normal.When you have anemia, your body doesn't produce enough healthy red blood cells to provide your tissues with enough oxygen. Being anemic, or having low hemoglobin, can cause you to feel exhausted and frail. Anemia can have many various forms, each with a singular etiology. Your blood's hemoglobin helps carry oxygen from your lungs to your tissues. In muscle cells, myoglobin receives, transports, stores, and releases oxygen. By making dietary modifications and using supplements, many of us can increase their hemoglobin levels. To establish the proper supplement dosage, consult a physician. An individual might require additional therapy,like a blood transfusion, if their hemoglobin levels are still low. Your illness or injury is causing blood loss. Every time you lose blood, you lose iron. Women can experience low hemoglobin levels during their periods. If you’ve got internal bleeding, like a bleeding ulcer, you’llpotentially lose blood.Learn more about hemoglobin here:
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During cell division in both bacterial cells and eukaryotic cells, genetic information is and segregated and the contents of the cell are divided between the daughter cells.
During the process of cell division in bacterial as well as eukaryotic cells, the genetic information is replicated and separated as well as the contents of cell are divided among the daughter cells.
Cell division in bacteria as well as eukaryotic cells results in the formation of two daughter cells that are genetically similar. In case of a bacterial cell, the replication of genetic information (DNA) is initiated at a particular site that is known as the origin of replication. The DNA replication in a bacterial cell advances in both the directions around the circular DNA until it reaches a particular termination site.
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1.explain the relationship between the light reactions and the calvin cycle in photoautotrophs. 2.what is the function of the magnesium atom in a chlorophyll molecule? 3.where do replacement electrons come from in photosystem ii? 4.diagram the flow of an electron from photosystem ii to eventually winding up in a molecule of nadph. 5.explain how atp is produced in photosynthesis. 6.why are plants green in color? 7pare and contrast cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation. include the products of each and the fates of those products. 8.why is water necessary for photosynthesis? 9.why is oxygen produced during the light reactions?
Photosynthesis is a process during which plants synthesise sugar using chlorophyll molecule and further this chlorophyll molecule along with mitochondria uses the sugar and convert it to energy molecule ATP.
1. The Calvin cycle receives ATP and NADPH from the light reactions and gives back ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light processes.
2. A magnesium ion stabilises the chlorophyll molecule at the core of the porphyrin ring and sends electrons down an electron transport chain to power the photosynthetic reaction.
3. water
4. Light hits PS2 and pigment molecule absorbs energy and gets excited to release electron. The electron is taken by the primary electron acceptor. Enzyme separates water into H+ (the two electrons) and O-, and supplies p680 with the electrons (strong oxidising agent). H+ is discharged into the thylakoid space, and oxygen from a split water molecule joins with another oxygen to produce O2.Photoexcited electrons travel from PS2 to PS1 through ETC. In PS1, electrons move to a lower energy level, supplying ATP with energy. As they descend, their energy pumps H+ into the chemiosis-related thylakoid luman. The electron in PS1 reaction complex P700 is excited by light energy that has been transferred there. After the electron passes through a second ETC, NADP+ reductase adds an electron, converting NADP+ into NADPH.
5. ATP synthase generates ATP by facilitating the flow of electrons back into the stroma.
6. Instead of absorbing green light, chlorophyll absorbs red and blue light. green light reflects
7. When the electrons from PS1 go to the ETC and produce ATP before returning, it is considered cyclic (no water required). Noncyclic occurs when NADP+ is converted to NADPH by NADP-reductase using electrons transferred from PS1 to PS2.
8. It serves as the sugar's supply of hydrogen.
9. After light energy splits water, the waste product, oxygen, is released into the atmosphere.
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WILL GIVE 100 POINTS! GOOD LUCK :)
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. The relative humidity is the healthy range of humidity in the atmosphere.
2. The heat index, also known as the apparent temperature, is what the temperature feels like to the human body when relative humidity is combined with the air temperature.
3. Water vapor in the air reaches its dew point as it cools in the air around the can, forming liquid drops of water.
4. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air.
5. Water vapor, water vapor, or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water.
6. A measure of the actual amount of water vapor (moisture) in the air, regardless of the air's temperature.
7. The temperature but also the absolute pressure of the system of interest.
8. Dew occurs when the relative humidity reaches 100 percent.
what is the name of the paired parts of a hemostat that span between the box lock and the finger rings?
Shanks are the paired parts of a hemostat that span between the box lock and the finger rings.
A hemostat (too called a hemostatic clamp, blood vessel forceps, or pean after Jules-Émile Péan) could be a surgical instrument utilized in numerous surgical strategies to control bleeding.
For this reason, it is common within the starting stages of surgery for the introductory cut to be lined with hemostats near blood vessels anticipating ligation. The hemostat has handles that can be held in put by their locking mechanism.
The locking instrument is regularly an arrangement of in an ever altered locking teeth, s on each handle, that permit the client to alter the clamping drive of the pincers. When bolted together, the drive between the tips is around 40 N (9 lbf).
The most punctually known drawing of a turning surgical instrument dates back to 1500 BC on a tomb at Thebes, Egypt.
Afterward Roman bronze and steel pivot-controlled rebellious were found in Pompeii. Within the ninth century Advertisement, Abulcasis made outlines of turning disobedient for tooth extraction.
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Climate change can threaten the stability or even the existence of many
communities on Earth. Which of the following communities is most likely to
be threatened by climate change?
O A. Temperate deciduous forest communities
OB. Tropical rain forest communities
OC. Deep ocean communities
O D. High mountain communities
D. High mountain communities are most likely to be threatened by climate change.
What is climate change?
Long-term altercations in weather and temperature patterns are referred to as climate change. These changes might occur naturally, for instance through variations in the solar cycle. But since the 1800s, burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas has been the primary cause of climate change, which is mostly attributable to human activity.By trapping the sun's heat and increasing the temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions mostly produced by burning fossil fuels behave as a blanket over the planet.Methane and carbon dioxide are two examples of the greenhouse gases that are contributing to climate change. These result from using fuels like gasoline or coal to heat buildings, respectively. Carbon dioxide can also be released during logging and clearing land. Methane emissions are primarily produced by landfills for trash.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming is responsible for a number of extreme impact events, making mountain ecosystems particularly vulnerable to climate change.
As glaciers continue to recede, less water is available, which causes more erosion and landslides in mountainous regions. High mountains are considered "particularly temperature-sensitive locations," and there is data to suggest that temperatures are increasing more quickly at higher elevations.
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How are atoms held together in molecules?
A.They combine to form polymers
B. They form covalent bonds
C. They break hydrogen bonds
D. they form ions
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Atoms are held together with chemical bonds, and also known as covalent bonds.
question 1 which cell type, molecule, or process listed below does not have a function or rolein both the innate and adaptive immune systems?
All the cell types, molecules, or processes listed above have a function or role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. These are macrophages, dendritic cells, complement, AMPs, and phagocytosis.
Innate or nonspecific immunity is the defense system with which we are born. These are the barriers that form the first line of defense in the immune response.
Macrophages are effector cells of the innate immune system that phagocytose bacteria.
Dendritic cells are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. Complement is a system of plasma proteins that can be activated directly by pathogens.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a principal first line of defense against invading pathogens. It is an ancient type of innate immunity found universally in all living organisms.
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Complete question:-
Which cell types, molecule, or process listed below does not have a function or role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems?
A) macrophages
B) dendritic cells
C) complement
D) AMPs
E) phagocytosis
how do reptiles and amphibians differ from fish? answer reptiles and amphibians are ectotherms while fish are not. reptiles and amphibians have limbs present while fish do not. reptiles and amphibians have an amnion and fish do not. reptiles and amphibians have jaws while fish do not.
Fish lack limbs, although amphibians and reptiles do.
While amphibians are born with gills for breathing underwater, reptiles are born with lungs. where they spend their early growth after hatching. Amphibians have thin, smooth skin, whereas reptiles have scales. Reptiles include lizards, turtles, and snakes.
A reptile lives on both land and water, unlike a fish, which only exists in water. A fish is a type of cold-blooded or ectothermic aquatic vertebrate. The reptile, which has scales or scutes covering it, is a cold-blooded creature as well. Scales are a feature of fish, though cartilaginous fish lack them.
Cold-blooded vertebrates include fish, reptiles, and amphibians. Animals with a backbone and an internal skeleton are known as vertebrates.
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