Answer:
price elasticity of demand = % change in quantity / % change in price
-0.75 = % change in quantity / 2%
-1.5 = % change in quantity
lets assume that 1,000 units of X were sold at $40 each, total revenue = $40,000
new total revenue = 985 x $40.80 = $40,188
revenue generated by good X will increase by 0.47%, from $40,000 to $40,188
price elasticity of demand = % change in quantity of Y / % change in price of X
-1.7 = % change quantity of Y / 2%
-3.4% = % change quantity of Y
lets assume that 1,000 units of Y were sold at $90 each, total revenue = $90,000
new total revenue = 966 x $91.80 = $88,678.80
revenue generated by good Y will decrease by -1.47%, from $90,000 to $88,678.80
Universal Travel Inc. borrowed $497,000 on November 1, 2018, and signed a 12-month note bearing interest at 4%. Interest is payable in full at maturity on October 31, 2019. In connection with this note, Universal Travel Inc. should report interest payable at December 31, 2018, in the amount of:
Answer:
Dec 31, 2018
Interest expense 3313.33 Dr
Interest Payable 3313.33 Cr
Explanation:
The note interest is payable at an annual rate of 4%. The interest will be paid at maturity however, an adjusting entry will be made on December 31, 2018 following the accrual basis of accounting to record the interest expense that relates to the period from November to December of 2018. The interest expense will be debited and as the interest will be paid at maturity, interest payable will be credited.
Interest expense = 497000 * 0.04 * 2/12 = $3313.33
Acme Company’s production budget for August is 17,600 units and includes the following component unit costs: direct materials, $7.70; direct labor, $10.10; variable overhead, $6.20. Budgeted fixed overhead is $33,000. Actual production in August was 18,810 units. Actual unit component costs incurred during August include direct materials, $8.50; direct labor, $9.10; variable overhead, $6.90. Actual fixed overhead was $34,600. The standard direct material cost per unit consists of 11 pounds of raw material at $0.7 per pound. During August, 319,770 pounds of raw material were used that were purchased at $0.50 per pound.
Required:
Calculate the materials price variance and materials usage variance for August.
Answer:
Instructions are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Actual production in August was 18,810 units.
During August, 319,770 pounds of raw material were used that were purchased at $0.50 per pound.
The standard direct material cost per unit consists of 11 pounds of raw material at $0.7 per pound.
To calculate the direct material price and quantity variance, we need to use the following formulas:
Direct material price variance= (standard price - actual price)*actual quantity
Direct material price variance= (0.7 - 0.5)*319,770
Direct material price variance= $63,954 favorable
Direct material quantity variance= (standard quantity - actual quantity)*standard price
Standard quantity= 18,810*11= 206,910
Direct material quantity variance= (206,910 - 319,770)*0.7
Direct material quantity variance= $79,002 unfavorable
fremont which uses the high-low method reported total cost of $10 per unit its lowest production level, 5000 units. when production tripled to its highest level, the total cost per unit dropped to $5 variable cost per unit
Answer:
$2.50
Explanation:
Calculation for the estimation of variable cost per unit
Units Total cost
High method 15,000×$5 per units =$75,000
(5,000*3)=15,000
Low method 5,000*$10 per units=$50,000
Difference 10,000 $25,000
Variable cost per unit =$25,000/10,000
Variable cost per unit=$2.50
Note: Based on the information given we were told that production tripled to its highest level which means the high method units will be 15,000 units (5,000 units*3)
Therefore Fremont would estimate its variable cost per unit as: $2.50
Prepare journal entries to record the following four separate issuances of stock. A corporation issued 9,000 shares of $10 par value common stock for $108,000 cash. A corporation issued 4,500 shares of no-par common stock to its promoters in exchange for their efforts, estimated to be worth $49,500. The stock has a $1 per share stated value. A corporation issued 4,500 shares of no-par common stock to its promoters in exchange for their efforts, estimated to be worth $49,500. The stock has no stated value. A corporation issued 2,250 shares of $25 par value preferred stock for $105,750 cash.
Answer: Please see answer in explanation column
Explanation:
1. Being issued in excess of par value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
Cash $108,000
Common stock(9,000 x 10) $90,000
paid in capital in excess of par value
Common Stock(108,000 - 90,000) $18,000
2.Being issued to promoters at stated value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
Organisational expense $49,500
common stock (4500 x 1 ) $4,500
paid in capital in excess of stated value
Common stock (49,500 -4,500) $45,000
3 Being issued to promoters at no stated value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
organisational expense $49,500
Common stock of no par value $49,500
4 Being issued of preferred shared in excess of par value
Account titles & Explanations Debit Credit
Cash $105,750
Preferred Stock(2,250 X $25) $56,250
paid in capital in excess of par value
of preferred stock ( $105,750- $56,250) $49,500
Michael and Kathy have one dependent, Dustin, who is in his third year of college. Michael is taking classes in the evening toward an MBA. What credits can Michael and Kathy claim related to tuition they pay for these programs. I. American Opportunity Tax Credit II. Lifetime Learning Credit
Answer: I and II
I. American Opportunity Tax Credit
II. Lifetime Learning Credit
Explanation:
From the question, we are informed that Michael and Kathy have one dependent, Dustin, who is in his third year of college and that Michael is taking classes in the evening toward an MBA.
The credits that Michael and Kathy can claim related to tuition they pay for these programs are American Opportunity Tax Credit and the Lifetime Learning Credit.
The following data relate to direct materials costs for February: Materials cost per yard: standard, $1.93; actual, $2.03 Standard yards per unit: standard, 4.68 yards; actual, 4.96 yards Units of production: 9,400 Calculate the direct materials price variance. a.$4,399.20 favorable b.$940.00 unfavorable c.$4,662.40 favorable d.$4,662.40 unfavorable
Answer:
d.$4,662.40 unfavorable
Explanation:
Calculation for direct materials price variance
The first step is to find the Actual quantity variance using the formula
Actual quantity variance =Actual units produced* Actual yard used
Let plug in the formula
Actual quantity variance=9,400*4.96 yards
Actual quantity variance=$46,624
Second step is to calculate for the Direct material price variance using this formula
Direct material price variance= ( Standard price -Actual price)* Actual quantity used
Let plug in the formula
Direct material price variance=($1.93-$2.03)*$46,624
Direct material price variance=(-0.1*46,624)
Direct material price variance=-$4,662.40 Unfavorable
Therefore the Direct material price variance will be $4,662.40 Unfavorable
Expenses that are not easily associated with a specific department, and which are incurred for the joint benefit of more than one department, are:
Answer:Indirect Expenses
Explanation: Indirect Expenses are those expenses which are not directly related to the product manufactured or service rendered by a company but are generally incurred in the operating and running of a business and cannot be traced to a particular department because the benefits are enjoyed collectively-The reason why its expenses are usually shared among departments or sectors.
Examples of indirect expenses include Rent, salaries to employees, legal charges, insurance of building, depreciation, printing charges, office expenses, telephone bills, advertising, marketing, stationery etc.
Josh is a hockey player on his university's team. He practices four times a week with his team and sometimes attends Friday night open skate with his friends. If Josh decides to attend the Friday night skate, the cost is $5. Which of the following is economically true regarding Josh's decision to join his friends on Friday night?
A. Josh will only attend Friday night skate if there is no charge, a fifth time skating will not benefit him at all.
B. Since Josh already skates four times a week with his hockey team, he will never choose to skate a fifth time that week.
C. If Josh decides to join his friends, he must feel that he gains at least $5 in fun by attending a fifth weekly session on the ice.
D. Josh should never attend Friday night open skate--he could get hurt and jeopardize his hockey career.
Answer:
C. If Josh decides to join his friends, he must feel that he gains at least $5 in fun by attending a fifth weekly session on the ice.
Answer:
C. If Josh decides to join his friends, he must feel that he gains at least $5 in fun by attending a fifth weekly session on the ice.
Explanation:
It is the most fun for him
A company is considering replacing an old piece of machinery, which cost $400,000 and has $175,000 of accumulated depreciation to date, with a new machine that has a purchase price of $550,000. The old machine could be sold for $250,000. The annual variable production costs associated with the old machine are estimated to be $72,500 per year for eight years. The annual variable production costs for the new machine are estimated to be $24,000 per year for eight years.
Required:
a. Prepare a differential analysis dated May 29 to determine whether to continue with (Alternative 1) or replace (Alternative 2) the old machine.
b. What is the sunk cost in this situation?
Answer:
Company A
a. Differential Analysis dated May 29
Alternative 1 Alternative 2
Opportunity cost $250,000 $550,000
Variable production costs 580,000 192,000
Total cost $830,000 $742,000
b. Sunk cost in this situation is: $225,000 ($400,000 - $175,000) cost of the old machine.
Explanation:
Company A's relevant cost for the old machine is the opportunity cost that it will lose if it continues with Alternative 1 or continued use of the old machine and the additional cost for the new machine for Alternative 2. Also relevant is the variable production costs that would be incurred if the old or new machine is used.
Company A's sunk cost is the cost of the old machine minus accumulated depreciation. Sunk cost is not relevant for decision making under differential analysis.
Company A's differential analysis is a managerial tool that is used to differentiate one decision alternative from another. In this analysis, only relevant costs are considered. A relevant cost in this case is cost that its inclusion or elimination makes a difference in the decision outcome.
12-8. Dealerships for Subaru and other automobile manufacturers keep records of the mileage of cars they sell and service. Mileage data are used to remind customers of when they need to schedule service appointments, but they are used for other purposes as well. What kinds of decisions does this piece of data support at the local level and at the corporate level
Answer:
The Dealerships for Sabaru and other automobile manufacturers keeps records of the mileage of cars they sell and service due to various reasons. At the local level, it afford them the opportunity to know the car brand with the highest mileage being used by their customers.
Also, the ability to know the brand of car with least requirement for servicing. On the other-hand, at the corporate level, the records afford them the opportunity to know the automobile manufacturers which they will keep on trading with under dealership due to feedback from their customers.
Explanation:
The decisions that this piece of data supports at the local level and at the corporate level include the car that requires the least servicing.
From the complete information, it should be noted that the dealerships for Sabaru and other automobile manufacturers keep records of the mileage of cars they sell and service.
This can be pivotal in order to know the car brand with the highest mileage being used by their customers. Also, it's important to know the brand of car with the least requirement for servicing. At the corporate level, it's vital to know the automobile manufacturers that they'll continue trading with.
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Bob: Listen, donuts are made to bring joy into our lives and to wake up our glazed faculties. Just let them be distributed according to unchanging moral principles of justice. The donuts will distribute themselves according to natural principles. We just take what we want and the leftovers will be appreciated by those who enjoy them most. Don't overcomplicate this. Where's the chocolate milk? End Part 2
Answer:
National law school of thought
Explanation:
The natural law school of thoughts refers to analyze the behavior of humans also it figured out the moral rule occurs from the behaviors.
It is inherent laws that are applied to all societies, communities, etc also it is common for all whether it is mentioned or officially announced
It should be rational and reasonable too
Therefore the given scenario represents the National law school of thought
In insurance, an offer is usually made wheN
Answer: the insurance application has been submitted.
Explanation:
Insurance is a contract which is typically represented by a policy, whereby an individual will receive financial protection in case there are losses against the thing that was insured.
Since the insurance is a contract, an offer can be made when there has been an application for the insurance which would have been submitted.
You want to save $98,000 to buy an boat by making an equal, end of year payment into a brokerage account for the next 9 years. If you expect to earn an annual interest rate of 7.75% on your account, how much do you need to deposit each year into your account?
Answer:
Annual deposit= $7,930.11
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
FV= $98,000
n= 9 years
i= 0.0775
To calculate the annual deposit, we need to use the following formula:
FV= {A*[(1+i)^n-1]}/i
A= annual deposit
Isolating A:
A= (FV*i)/{[(1+i)^n]-1}
A= (98,000*0.0775) / [(1.0775^9) - 1]
A= $7,930.11
Answer: $7,930
Explanation:
The payments are to be equal so this is an annuity. The expected value is to be $98,000 in 9 years so this is a future value of an Annuity.
The formula is;
FV = [tex]P * \frac{[1 + i]^n-1}{i}[/tex]
98,000 = [tex]P * \frac{[1 + 0.075]^9-1}{0.075}[/tex]
98,000 = P * 12.3581
P = 98,000/12.3581
P = $7,930
You have a $46,000 portfolio consisting of Intel, GE, and Con Edison. You put $20,800 in Intel, $10,400 in GE, and the rest in Con Edison. Intel, GE, and Con Edison have betas of 1.3, 1, and .8, respectively. What is your portfolio beta? Multiple Choice 1.071 0.976 0.824 1.393
Answer: 1.071
Explanation:
The portfolio beta is the weighted average of the constituent stock betas.
Intel Weight
= 20,800/46,000
= 0.45217
GE Weight
= 10,400/46,000
= 0.22609
Con Edison
= (46,000 - 20,800 - 10,400) / 46,000
= 0.32174
Portfolio Beta;
= (0.45217 * 1.3) + (0.22609 * 1) + (0.32174 * 0.8)
= 0.587821 + 0.22609 + 0.257392
= 1.071303
= 1.071
Product differentiation and advertising are profitable ventures only when:
the market is monopolistic
both revenues and costs increase
they do not affect entry barriers
the gain in total revenue outweighs the extra cost
the market is oligopolistic
Answer:
Product differentiation and advertising are profitable ventures only when:
the gain in total revenue outweighs the extra cost
Explanation:
When Company XYZ differentiates its product from competitors' through trademarks and other differentiating factors and embarks on advertising, it must watch out for cost overrun. The undertaking for the product differentiation and advertising should be able to generate more revenue than the costs. This will make Company XYZ determine that its differentiation and advertising make economic meaning by producing positive NPV.
Product differentiation as well as advertising can be considered as profitable ventures in a case whereby D: the gain in total revenue outweighs the extra cost.
Product differentiation can be regarded as activity that us been carried out by producer so that his product/service stand out to target audience. Advitisement on the other hand helps in promoting the goods/services .However, they a profitable ventures when the extra cost in production is less than the gain.Therefore, option D is correct.
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. Which of these statements is true about the field of organizational behavior? 1 point A. It examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and to their counterparts in other organizations. B OB researchers systematically study various topics at a common level rather than at multiple levels. C. Information technology has almost no effect on organizational behavior. D. The field of organizational behavior relies exclusively on ideas generated within the field by organizational behavior scholars. E. The origins of organizational behavior are traced mainly to the field of economics.
Answer:
A. It examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and to their counterparts in other organizations.
Explanation:
Organizational behavior examines how individuals and teams in organizations relate to one another and to their counterparts in other organizations.
An organizational behavior can be defined as the study of people's opinions, feelings, actions and how people perceive an organization.
This ultimately implies that, an organizational behavior is the study of people's opinions, feelings, actions and how people perceive an organization.
Basically, it measures how an organization relates with its external environments. This is very key to formulating policies, mission and achieving a successful long-term organizational goals and objectives.
A machine with a cost of $133,000 and accumulated depreciation of $86,500 is sold for $53,000 cash. The amount that should be reported in the operating activities section reported under the direct method is:
Answer:
Zero, because the selling of fixed asset is reported as cash inflow under investing activity.
Explanation:
Cash flow from investing activities includes all the investments in the long term assets and sale of investments or individual assets. The investment items may include Property, Plant and Equipment.
So this means that it will not be included in the Cash from Operating Activities because it is a Cash from Investing Activities.
Jock and Kyla decide to wager, in violation of a state statute, on the outcome of a football game. They each deposit money with Len, who agrees to pay the winner of the bet. Before the game begins, Kyla tells Len that she changed her mind about the bet. Kyla can recover Group of answer choices
Answer:
The amount of her bet only
Explanation:
A wager is a gamble on a particular outcome of a situation. In this case the outcome of a football match.
However wagering in such a manner is a violation of state staute. So this is an illegal activity.
Jock and Kyla deposit funds for the wager with Len. Before the bet of Kyla changes her mind she can recover the money she deposited.
Len will not be able to withhold he deposit because she can sue and claim this is an illegal activity that she does not want to be part of. Len will be forced.to return at least her own money.
Georgia is the primary shareholder in Acme, Inc., a small corporation. After its corporate certificate was issued by the state, there were no other formalities or documentation. In fact, Georgia does not keep separate books for the corporation, and sometimes combines her personal assets with those of the corporation. If she is sued individually by a corporate creditor, what would be the likely outcome
Answer:
The likely outcome would be the judgement debt being settled from her personal assets.
Explanation:
Georgia being a primary shareholder in the small corporation, it was expected that she should keep accounts that differentiate the corporation from her personal expenses. Unfortunately such didn't happen.
Since she was sued individually by a corporate creditor, it was expected that the judgement debt should be settled from her individual account which is quite different form the corporate account.
Answer: Georgia would likely be liable
Explanation:
Based on the scenario that have been provided in the question, Georgia would likely be liable because the creditors can end up piercing the corporate veil.
This means that Georgia would be held responsible for the activities of the organization.
A company estimates that it can sell 5,000 headphone each week if it prices each set of headphones at $20. However, its weekly number of sales will increase by 1000 units for each $1 decrease in price. At what price is revenue maximum? What is the maximum revenue and how many sets of headphones should the company expect to sell? Write your conclusions in a sentence.
Answer:
At what price is revenue maximum?
$13 and $12 per unit (maximum revenue $156,000)What is the maximum revenue and how many sets of headphones should the company expect to sell?
$156,000Write your conclusions in a sentence.
When the price is higher than $12 per unit, demand is elastic, which means any decrease in price will result in a larger proportional increase in quantity demanded. This in turn increases total revenue. Below $12 per unit, demand is inelastic, which means that a decrease in price will result in a smaller increase in quantity demanded.Explanation:
price quantity demanded total revenue
$20 5000 $100000
$19 6000 $114000
$18 7000 $126000
$17 8000 $136000
$16 9000 $144000
$15 10000 $150000
$14 11000 $154000
$13 12000 $156000
$12 13000 $156000
$11 14000 $154000
$10 15000 $150000
$9 16000 $144000
$8 17000 $136000
$7 18000 $126000
$6 19000 $114000
$5 20000 $100000
$4 21000 $84000
3 22000 $66000
2 23000 $46000
1 24000 $24000
Using the percentageofsales method, the estimated total uncollectible accounts are . The Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts prior to adjustment has a debit balance of . The Accounts Receivable balance is . The amount of the adjusting entry for UncollectibleAccounts Expense is:
Answer:
the main part of ur question hasbeen left out so no one could help but i got a answer anyways
Explanation:
it's b
$7,322 + $2,635
= $9,957
Identify the trade-restraining practice that this example demonstrates. Tubifor, Inc. purchases all available imported lumber so it can resell it at a quantity and rate that it prefers.
Answer:
"Pursuit of monopoly power" is the correct solution,
Explanation:
Through a party, the shareholders of such a monopoly have had the authority to adjust rates, eliminate rivals, thereby dominate the competition within the specific geographical region. Antitrust laws in the United States discourage monopolies and whatever other practices which unduly restrict competitor's commerce. The form of trade restriction shown by this illustration is the acquisition of monopoly control.Therefore the answer to the above was its right one.
Titan Mining Corporation has 7.6 million shares of common stock outstanding, 280,000 shares of 4.5% preferred stock outstanding, and 165,000 bonds with a semi-annual coupon rate of 5.9% outstanding, par value $2,000 each. The common stock currently sells for $61 per share and has a beta of 1.15, the preferred stock has a par value of $100 and currently sells for $95 per share, and the bonds have 19 years to maturity and sell for 109% of par. The market risk premium is 7.1%, T-bills are yielding 3.5%, and the company’s tax rate is 25%.
A. What is the firm’s market value capital structure?
B. If the company is evaluating a new investment project that has the same risk as the firm’s typical project, what rate should the firm use to discount the project’s cash flows?
Answer:
A. The Capital structure is : 4.23 % - Equity, 6.59 % - Preferred Shares and 89.17 % - Debt
B. The firm should discount the project’s cash flows at 4.45 %.
Explanation:
Total Market Value = Market Value of Equity + Market Value of Debt + Market Value of Preferred Shares
Market Value of Equity = 280,000 shares × $61
= $17,080,000
Market Value of Preferred Shares = 280,000 shares × $95
= $26,600,000
Market Value of Debt = 165,000 bonds × $2,000 × 109%
= $359,700,000
Total Market Value = $403,380,000
Capital Structure :
Weight of Equity = $17,080,000 / $403,380,000 × 100
= 4.23 %
Weight of Preferred Shares = $26,600,000 / $403,380,000 × 100
= 6.59 %
Weight of Debt = $359,700,000 / $403,380,000 × 100
= 89.17 %
Thus, the market value capital structure is : 4.23 % - Equity, 6.59 % - Preferred Shares and 89.17 % - Debt
Firms use the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) to discount the project’s cash flows.
Cost of Debt, r
PV = $2000 × 109 % = - $2,100
PMT = ($2,000 × 5.9%) ÷ 2 = $59
n = 19 × 2 = 38
P/YR = 2
FV = $2,000
r = ?
Using a Financial Calculator, Pretax cost of debt, r is 5,47 %
After tax cost of debt = Interest × ( 1 - tax rate)
= 5,47 % × ( 1 - 0.25)
= 4.10 %
Cost of Equity
Cost of Equity = Return on Risk Free Security + Beta × Return on Risk Premium Portfolio
= 3.5 % + 1.15 × 7.1%
= 11.67 %
Cost of Preference Stock
Cost of Preference Stocks = 4.5%
WACC = ke(W/V) + kd(D/V) + kp(P/V)
= 11.67 % × 4.23 % + 4.10 % × 89.17 % + 4.5% × 6.59 %
= 4.45 %
In the Solow model with constant technological knowledge (A), if the economy is initially below its steady-state capital stock:
Answer: catching up growth will occur
Explanation:
In the Solow model with constant technological knowledge (A), if the economy is initially below its steady-state capital stock,. catching up growth will occur.
This is because, we are informed in the question that the Solow model has a constant technological knowledge. This implies that no innovation took place for that period, hence, the catching up growth will occur.
A restaurant owner just found out that his pizza bistro is losing money. What is one possible explanation for this loss
Answer:
Explanation:
There could be multiple reasons as to why the pizza bistro is losing money.
Waste not being counted accurately.
Food being replaced for wrong orders and not being accounted for.
Theft.
Orders not being entered correctly.
Zapper has beginning equity of $293,000, net income of $69,000, dividends of $58,000 and stockholder investments of $24,000. Its ending equity is:
Answer:
$328,000
Explanation:
As we all know that:
Ending Equity = Opening Equity + Share Issues + Net Income – Net Loss – Dividends Paid
Here,
Opening Equity is $293,000
Money raised through Shares Issuance was $24,000
Net Income would be $69,000
Dividends paid were $58,000
There were no losses as their is Profit for the year (Net Income).
By putting values, we have:
Ending Equity = $293,000 + $24,000 + $69,000 - $58,000
= $328,000
Fresh Veggies, Inc. (FVI), purchases land and a warehouse for $410,000. In addition to the purchase price, FVI makes the following expenditures related to the acquisition: broker's commission, $21,000; title insurance, $1,100; and miscellaneous closing costs, $4,200. The warehouse is immediately demolished at a cost of $21,000 in anticipation of building a new warehouse. Determine the amount FVI should record as the cost of the land.
Answer:
$457,300
Explanation:
FVI purchased a land and warehouse at the cost of $410,000
The following expenditures were incurred
Broker's commission = $21,000
Title insurance= $1,100
Miscellaneous closing costs= $4,200
Demolition of the warehouse= $21,000
Therefore, the amount in which FVI should record as cost of the land can be calculated as follows
=$410,000+$21,000+$1,100+$4,200+$21,000
= $457,300
Hence the amount that FVI should record as the cost of the land is $457,300
What is a commodity?
The correct answer is D. Something of value that can be bought, sold, or traded
Explanation:
The word "commodity" is used in economics to refer to any good or product that has an economic value and due to this, can be part of the market. This means any commodity can be traded, sold, or bought. Moreover, this concept is mainly applied to raw materials such as coal, timber, or wheat that can be used to make other manufactured products such as plastics, furniture, or flour. According to this, the option that correctly describes the word commodity is option D.
Answer:
D. Something of value that can be bought, sold, or traded
A small town with one hospital has two ambulances to supply ambulance service. Requests for ambulances during nonholiday weekends average .45 per hour and tend to be Poisson-distributed. Travel and assistance time averages two hours per call and follows an exponential distribution. Find:
a. System utilization.
b. The average number of customers waiting.
c. The average time customers wait for an ambulance.
d. The probability that both ambulances will be busy when a call comes in.
Explanation:
Given: -
The number of ambulances is(m) = 2.
Arrival rate = 0.45 per hour
Service time = 2 per hour
Service rate =?
service time = 2 (Travel and assistance time averages two hours per call)
Therefore, Service rate will be 1/2 = 0.5 per hour.
a). System utilization(p) = arrival rate/mean of ambulances*service time
p = 0.45/2×0.5 = 0.45.
(b) :- The average number of customer waiting or waiting time for an ambulance is equal to:-
Arrival rate divided by the service rate ( on its corresponding service time as per table value)
I.e. Arrival time = 0.45 ÷ service rate =0.5
= 0.9 ( see table value for 0.9 with service rate as 2)
It comes to 0.229.
Therefore, the average number of customers waiting. 0.229.
(c) :- The average time customers wait for an ambulance is equal to :
No. of customers waiting for ÷ arrival rate
0.229 ÷ 0.45 = 0.508
Or 0.509 (approx. )
D) probability of Both ambulances is idle is Po = 0.378 (from the table for the value of and M=2)
So Probability of both ambulance is busy = 1-Po
= 1 - 0.378
= 0.622
Exercise 7-9 Variable and Absorption Costing Unit Product Costs and Income Statements [LO7-1, LO7-2, LO7-3]
Walsh Company manufactures and sells one product. The following information pertains to each of the company’s first two years of operations:
Variable costs per unit:
Manufacturing:
Direct materials $ 25
Direct labor $ 15
Variable manufacturing overhead $5
Variable selling and administrative $2
Fixed costs per year:
Fixed manufacturing overhead $250,000
Fixed selling and administrative expenses $80,000
During its first year of operations, Walsh produced 50,000 units and sold 40,000 units. During its second year of operations, it produced 40,000 units and sold 50,000 units. The selling price of the company’s product is $60 per unit.
Required:
1. Assume the company uses variable costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.
b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.
2. Assume the company uses absorption costing:
a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2.
b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2.
3. Reconcile the difference between variable costing and absorption costing net operating income in Year 1.
Answer:
1 a. Year 1 unit product cost = 45
Year 2 unit product cost = 45
Notes: Unit product cost = Direct materials + direct labor + Variable manufacturing overhead = 25 + 15 + 5 = 45 units
1 b. Income statement
Year 1 Year 2
Sales 2,400,000 3,000,000
(40000*60); (50000*60)
Less:
Variable cost of goods sold 1,800,000 2,250,000
Variable selling and adm. 80,000 100,000
Contribution margin 520,000 650,000
Less:
Fixed manufacturing overhead 250,000 250,000
Fixed selling & adm expense 80,000 80,000
Net income $190,000 $320,000
2 a. Notes
Year 1 Year 2
Direct materials 25 25
Direct labor 15 15
Variable manufacturing overhead 5 5
Fixed manufacturing overhead 5 6.25
(250,000/50,000); (250,000/40000)
Unit product cost 50 51.25
b. Income statement
Year 1 Year 2
Sales 2400000 3000000
Less: cost of goods sold 2000000 2550000
Gross margin 400,000 450,000
Less: Selling and 160,000 180,000
administrative expense
Net income 240,000 270,000
Workings
Cost of goods sold for year 2 = (10,000* 50) + (40000 * 51.25)
= 500,000 + 2,050,000
= 25,500,000
3. Reconciliation Year 1 Year 2
Variable costing net operating 190,000 320,000
income (loss)
Add: Deferred fixed overhead 50,000
in ending inventory (10000*5)
Less: Fixed overhead realized -50,000
in beginning inventory(10000*5)
Absorption costing net operating $240,000 270,000
income (loss)
Answer 1:
Part a
Unit product cost = Direct materials + direct labor + Variable manufacturing overheadUnit product cost = 25 + 15 + 5 Unit product cost = 45 unitsYear 1 -unit product cost = 45
Year 2 -unit product cost = 45
Part b :
Income statement
Year 1 Year 2
Sales 2,400,000 3,000,000
(40000*60) (50000*60)
Less:
Variable cost of goods sold 1,800,000 2,250,000
Variable selling and adm. 80,000 100,000
Contribution margin 520,000 650,000
Less:
Fixed manufacturing overhead 250,000 250,000
Fixed selling & adm expense 80,000 80,000
Net income $190,000 $320,000
Answer 2 :
Part a
Year 1 Year 2
Direct materials 25 25
Direct labor 15 15
Variable manufacturing overhead 5 5
Fixed manufacturing overhead 5 6.25
(250,000/50,000); (250,000/40000)
Unit product cost 50 51.25
Part b.
Income statement
Year 1 Year 2
Sales 2400000 3000000
Less: cost of goods sold 2000000 2550000
Gross margin 400,000 450,000
Less: Selling and 160,000 180,000
Net income 240,000 270,000
An income statement for Year 1 - 240,000and Year 2-270,000.
(Working Notes):
Cost of goods sold for year 2 = (10,000* 50) + (40000 * 51.25)
Cost of goods sold for year 2 = 500,000 + 2,050,000
Cost of goods sold for year 2 = 25,500,000
Answer 3:
The difference between variable costing and absorption costing net operating income in Year 1.
Reconciliation Year 1 Year 2
Variable costing net operating 190,000 320,000
income (loss)
Add: Deferred fixed overhead 50,000in ending inventory (10000*5)
Less: Fixed overhead realized -50,000in beginning inventory(10000*5)
Absorption costing net operating $240,000 270,000
The difference between variable costing and absorption costing net operating income in Year 1 is $2,40,000.
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