A single molecule of water contains 1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms
- 1 mole of H2O

How many molecules and how many atoms?

The mass of Ca CO₃ produced by reacting 2.41 dm³ of 2.33 x 10-2 mol dm-3 of Ca(OH)₂ (aq) with 0.750 dm³ of CO₂ (g) at STP is  30353 g.

The nominal atmospheric conditions at sea level are referred to as "standard temperature and pressure" (STP). The temperature and pressure are both zero degrees Celsius (atm). The STP value is crucial for many professionals, including physicists, chemists, engineers, pilots, and navigators.

1 dm³ = 1L

2.41 dm³=2.41 L

Moles of Ca(OH)₂ = m M. vol (L)

= 2.33×10⁻²m ×2.41 =5.6153  10⁻²Mol

Moles of CO₂ (n) = [tex]\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{(1 atm) . (0.75L)}{(0.032).(1atm).(273k)x^{2} k^{-1} ml}[/tex]

Moles of CO₂ (n) = 0.0335 mol

          Ca(OH)₂     +      CO₂      ⇒        Ca CO₃     +        H₂O

[tex]I_{mol}[/tex]    5.6153×10⁻²     0.0335mol         0

C         0.0335mol       -0.0335mol      0.0335mol

⇒         0.022653        0                       0.0335mol

Mass of Ca CO₃ = Moles × Molar mass

Mass of Ca CO₃ = 0.0335 mol ×100.0869 g/mol

Mass of Ca CO₃ = 30353 g

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The force acting on a moving body can be determined using its acceleration and mass. The mass of the object is 2.3 Kg the force when it is accelerated to 38.6 m/s in 37 seconds is 2.4 N.

Force is an external agent acts on a body to change it from the state of motion or rest. Various kinds of forces include gravitational force, frictional force, nuclear force etc.

In physics, force is the product of mass and acceleration. Acceleration of an object is the rate of change in its velocity. Here, the change in speed from rest is 38.6 m/s and the time taken is 37 seconds hence the acceleration is:

a = 38.6 m/s / 37 s

  = 1.04 m/s².

Now, the force can be calculated from by taking the product of mass and acceleration as follows:

F = ma

  = 2.3 Kg × 1.04 m/s²

  = 2.4 N.

Hence, the force acting on the object to change it from rest is 2.4 N.

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Answer: C. A tornado is much smaller

Explanation: A tornado can be a mile long while hurricanes can be 50 miles long.

The statement that explains which component is likely to be more powerful in explaining a scientific phenomenon is:

Scientific knowledge refers to the body of knowledge that is obtained by the scientific method.

The scientific method refers to a series of steps that scientists follow in their discovery and explanation of natural phenomena.

The scientific method is as follows:

Hence, scientific knowledge must explain universal occurrences ad must be testable.

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The bond enthalpy of F2(g) is 156.9 kJ/mole. The ΔH o f for F(g) is 78.5 kJ/ mole.

Bond enthalpy is defined as the amount of energy needed to dissolve one mole of a certain type of bond between two gaseous atoms.  In general, the amount of energy acquired or lost during a reaction is comparable to the process's change in enthalpy.

Given the bond enthalpy of F2 = 156.9 kJ/ mole

The ΔH can be calculated as

ΔH = bond enthalpy of F2 / 2

ΔH = 156.9 kJ/mole / 2

ΔH = 78.5 kJ/mole

Thus, the bond enthalpy of F2(g) is 156.9 kJ/mole. The ΔH o f for F(g) is 78.5 kJ/ mole.

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The mass of wood before burning does not always equal the mass of the resulting ashes after burning because some other products have been produced and lost.

When wood burns, a form of chemical change takes place and the reaction is reversible.

The products of wood burning include ashes, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. However, only ashes remain after burning because carbon dioxide and water vapor both escape into the atmosphere.

The escape of some of the products of burning into the atmosphere is one of the reasons the reaction seems to negate the law of conservation of mass.

According to the law of conservation of mass, masses are conserved during reactions but can be converted to different forms. Thus, if ashes were to be the only product of the burning of wood, then the mass of the ashes formed must be equivalent to the mass of the wood.

However, due to the formation of other products that happen to always escape into the air, the mass of ashes is not always equal to the mass of the woods that burn.

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The reaction that is balanced and shows incomplete combustion is:

2 C₅H₁₂ + 11 O₂--> 10 CO + 12 H₂0; option B.

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen to release large amounts of heat and light energy.

In the combustion of carbon-containing compounds, carbon dioxide and water are usually produced.

In incomplete combustion of carbon compounds, carbon monoxide or carbon (ii) oxide is produced.

For a balanced reaction, the moles of atoms of elements on the reactant side are equal to the moles of atoms on the product side.

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Assuming the concentration of the NaOH solution that reacted with the sulfuric acid is 1.0 M, the mass of the sulfuric acid that reacted is 3.01 g.

A neutralization reaction is a reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water only.

In the given reaction, a given amount of sulfuric acid was neutralized by 61.37 m:L of a NaOH solution.

The equation of the neutralization reaction is given below:

2 NaOH (aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) ----> Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 2 H₂O (l)

The mole ratio of the reaction shows that 2 moles of NaOH solution will react with 1 mole of H₂SO₄ solution.

The moles of NaOH reacting = concentration * volume in liters

The concentration of the NaOH solution is not given. Assuming the concentration of the NaOH solution is 1.0 M

Moles of NaOH reacted = 1.0 * 61.37 mL * 1 L / 1000 mL

Moles of NaOH reacted = 0.06137 moles

Moles of  H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0614 / 2

Moles of  H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0307 moles

Mass of  H₂SO₄ reacted = 0.0307 * 98.09

Mass of  H₂SO₄ reacted = 3.01 g

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The seventh shell contains 49 orbitals, making the total number of electrons in 49 orbitals 98.

characteristics of elements in group 7

At room temperature, each halogen exhibits the properties listed below: A light yellow gas is fluorine. A deadly green gas, chlorine is poisonous. The reddish-brown liquid bromine is poisonous.

Since the group number is 7, this means that the outer shell of halogen atoms contains seven electrons (energy level). These atoms gain a single electron in order to stabilize themselves and adopt the same structure as the nearby noble gas (rather than losing seven electrons which would take much more energy).

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The compound with the chemical formula PbBr₄ is called lead(IV) bromide.

Lead(IV) bromide is an inorganic compound composed of the elements lead (Pb) and bromine (Br). The compound is named based on the oxidation state of lead, which is +4 in this case.

In naming compounds, the Roman numeral in parentheses after the element name indicates the oxidation state of the metal. In the case of lead(IV) bromide, the Roman numeral IV indicates that lead is in the +4 oxidation state. This means that lead has lost four electrons to achieve a stable configuration.

The name "lead(IV) bromide" accurately represents the composition and oxidation state of the compound. It is worth noting that lead(IV) bromide is a relatively unstable compound and is not commonly encountered in practical applications.

Hence, the name of the compound is lead(IV) bromide.

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Answer:

The colors observed is a sign that definite energy transformations occurs inside the atom gives off light. It follows that electrons must occupy orbits of fixed energy.

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Considering the definition of percent by mass, the correct answer is the third option: the correct formula to calculate percent by mass is [Mass of solute (g) ÷ mass of solution (g)] × 100

The percent by mass is a measure of the amount of mass that an element occupies in a compound and it is defined as the ratio of the mass of the solute to the mass of the solution, expressed as a percentage.

To calculate the percentage of composition, it is necessary to know the mass of the element in a known mass of the compound.

So, the percent by mass is calculated as the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the solution, the result of which is multiplied by 100 to give a percentage:

percent by mass= [Mass of solute (g) ÷ mass of solution (g)] × 100

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The metals known as Alkaline Earth metals are Na, Mg, or Ca. They are known as "alkaline" earth metals because when they interact with water, they produce "alkaline" hydroxides solutions.

Any of the six chemical elements that make up Group 2 (II a) of the periodic table is an alkaline-earth metal. Beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium are the constituent elements (Ra).

The alkaline earth oxides, formerly known as beryllia, magnesia, lime, strontium, and baryta, are what give the alkaline earth metals their name. These oxides turn basic when combined with water (alkaline).

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The way that scientists predict how much of a product can be formed is through the use of Stoichiometry.

The quantitative examination of the constituents of a chemical process is known as chemical stoichiometry. The Greek words "stoikhein" (which means element) and "metron" (which means measure) are the roots of the English word "stoichiometry."

Stoichiometry describes the correlation between the amounts of reactants and products before to, during, and after chemical processes.

Therefore, the quantity of the generated good is predicted by stoichiometry. To calculate how many S'more "reactants," for instance, we employed stoichiometry.

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For the grape juice, we get that the hydroxyl ion concentration is  1.4 ×10-10M.

Hence, pOH will be = -log[1.4*10⁻¹⁰] which is approximately 9.6.

Now the value of pH will be = 14-pOH = 14 - 9.6 = 4.4.

For the orange juice, we know that the H+ or hydronium ion concentration is  1.8 × 10-4 M.

Then, the value of the pH will be= -log[1.8*10⁻⁴]=3.7.

Thus from the above result, it is clear that the range juice has lower pH, hence it will be more acidic. While the grape juice will be less acidic.  

The pH can either go up or down depending on the change in hydronium concentration. If the hydronium concentration increases, the pH decreases, causing the solution to become more acidic. This happens when an acid is introduced. As H+ ions dissociate from the acid and bond with water, they form hydronium ions, thus increasing the hydronium concentration of the solution. If the hydronium concentration decreases, the pH increases, resulting in a solution that is less acidic and more basic. This is caused by the OH^- ions that dissociate from bases

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To solve such this we must know the concept of chemical reaction and concept of limiting agent. Therefore, C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]H is limiting agent in the given balanced equation.

Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, double displacement reaction.

The balanced reaction is

3 C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]H + Al(OH)[tex]_3[/tex][tex]\rightarrow[/tex]

The limiting reagent depends on the mole ratio and not on the masses of the reactants present. 1 mole of  Al(OH)[tex]_3[/tex] need 3 moles of 3 C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]H. So, C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]H is limiting reagent.

Therefore, C[tex]_2[/tex]H[tex]_3[/tex]O[tex]_2[/tex]H is limiting reagent.

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The temperature is obtained as  1517 K.

We know that we asked here to find the temperature at which we are going to have a diffusion coefficient of 2.1 × 10−14 m2/s. Let us look at the following from the question;

D = diffusion coefficient = 2.1 × 10−14 m2/s

[tex]D_{o}[/tex] = pre-exponential constant = 1.1 × 10−5 m2/s

[tex]E_{a}[/tex] = Activation energy = 253,300 J/mol

R = Gas constant = 8.314 J/mol.K

T = temperature = ??

Then;

log D= log  [tex]D_{o}[/tex] - Ea/2.303RT

log(2.1 × 10−14) = log( 1.1 × 10−5) - 253,300/2.303 * 8.314 * T

log(2.1 × 10−14) / log( 1.1 × 10−5) = - 253,300/2.303 * 8.314 * T

T = - 253,300/-8.719 * 2.303 * 8.314

T= 1517 K

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At constant temperature and pressure, 100mL of ammonia will be produced.

Ammonia is described as an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH₃. It is a stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colorless gas with a distinct pungent smell.

Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes states that the volume of gases which take part in a chemical reaction bear a simple whole number ratio to one another and to the volume of products if gaseous, when measured at constant temperature and pressure.

According to the Equation of reaction: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ----> 2NH₃(g)

From the equation of reaction given above,

1 mole of nitrogen gas reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia. Therefore,

50 mL of nitrogen will react to produce produce 2 * 50 mL of ammonia = 100ml of ammonia

Also, 150mL of hydrogen will react to produce 2 *150mL/3 of ammonia = 100ml of ammonia.

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Answer:

0.0833 M NaOH

Explanation:

To calculate the molarity, you need to

(1) convert grams NaOH to moles (using the molar mass)

(2) convert mL to liters

(3) calculate the molarity

It is important to arrange the ratios/conversions in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs like the given value with the smallest amount of sig figs (0.499 = 3 sig figs).

 0.499 g NaOH              1 mole
--------------------------  x  ------------------  =  0.0125 moles NaOH
                                       40.00 g

 150.00 mL H₂O                  1 L
---------------------------  x  ------------------  =  0.15000 L H₂O
                                        1,000 mL

Molarity = moles / volume

Molarity = 0.0125 moles NaOH / 0.15000 L H₂O

Molarity = 0.0833 M

The molecular structure of the fat is changed when lipids like cholesterol are exposed to hydrogenation.

What is cholesterol?
Any member of the lipids class of specific chemical compounds is a kind of cholesterol. It is a sterol, a class of lipid (or modified steroid).  All animal cells produce cholesterol, which is a crucial part of the membranes that make up those cells. It is a yellowish crystalline solid when chemically separated. It is possible to increase the saturation of fatty acids by adding hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acid chains, which connects the hydrogen atoms to the saturation sites.

Hence, the molecular structure of the fat is changed when lipids like cholesterol are exposed to hydrogenation.

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The figures illustrate the law of multiple proportions because the empirical formulas of the two oxides are CO and [tex]CO_2[/tex] respectively.

The law of multiple proportions states that when two elements combine with each other to form more than one chemical compound, the weights of one element that combine with a fixed weight of the other are usually in small whole-number ratios.

The figures mentioned in the problems can be tested for agreement with the law of multiple proportions by finding the empirical formulas of the two oxides formed against a fixed weight of carbon:

The analysis of the first oxide is as follows:

C = 42.9

O = 100-42.9

   = 57.1

The equivalent mole of each atom will then be calculated by dividing each atom by their respective molar weights:

C = 12 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

C = 42.9/12

  = 3.56

O = 57.1/16

   = 3.56

Thus, the empirical formula of the first oxide is CO.

The second oxide:

C = 27.3

O = 100 - 27.3

   = 72.7

The equivalent mole of each atom will be:

C = 27.3/12

  = 2.27

O = 72.7/16

   = 4.54

Dividing the moles by the smallest mole

C = 2.27/2.27

  = 1

O = 4.54/2.27

   = 2

Thus, the empirical formula of the second oxide is [tex]CO_2[/tex].

The first oxide gives CO while the second oxide gives  [tex]CO_2[/tex]. The weight of oxygen that combines with the fixed weight of carbon can be seen to be in simple whole-number ratios (1 and 2).

In other words, the figures quoted obeys the law of multiple proportions.

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The structure of the compound that have been described in the question is shown in the image attached to this answer.

We know that in organic chemistry, the structure of a molecule is very instrumental to the way that the molecule would be able to undergo reaction. In this case, we have a compound that is said to have  5 carbons, 3 chlorine group side chains, and one propyl group side chain.

Our key task is first to visualize the molecule and they try to create the structure of the molecule. As we try to create the structure of the molecule, we must have in mind the tetravalence of carbon. That is, carbon can only form four bonds to itself.

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The volume that was started with if the temperature of 126 K in a container with a pressure of 31 atm is 3.47L.

The volume of a gas can be calculated using the combined gas law equation as follows:

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

Where;

According to this question, an unknown volume of gas held at a temperature of 126K in a container with a pressure of 31 atm.

If by increasing the temperature to 209 K and decreasing the pressure to 19 atm causes the volume of the gas to be 9.4 liters, the initial volume is calculated as follows:

31 × V₁/126 = 19 × 9.4/209

0.246V = 178.6/209

0.246V = 0.854

V = 3.47L

Therefore, 3.47L is the volume of the gas that started.

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When metals and non metals combine in fixed proportion then a chemical compound is formed So, the compound that will be formed from group 13 elements and group 17 is AlCl₃.

Chemical formula is a formula where cation and anion combine to form a molecule in fixed proportion. Metals combine in form of cation and non metals combine in form of anion.

Cation is the species that give electron and attain positive charge while anion is a species which gain electron and attains negative charge so when anion and cation combine in fixed ration the the overall charge of the molecule is zero that is molecule is neutral, the charge over cation and anion is also called oxidation state. the compound that will be formed from group 13 elements and group 17 is AlCl₃.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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It is pseudoscience because each metal is known to be a unique element alchemy is a science or pseudoscience.

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass; in other respects, matter is the "thing" that the cosmos is made of. The fundamental constituents of all stuff are called elements. These are not changed into other elements by conventional chemical processes and have distinct chemical and physical properties.

Matter can be solid, liquid, or gaseous on Earth. Solid particles, fluids, and gases are supported by the exceptionally small building components known as atoms and molecules. A solid's component particles are attracted to one another strongly. They are close to one another and vibrate en position without passing each other.

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The complete question is -

Alchemy is a branch of ancient knowledge that states that all matter is composed of air, fire, earth. Which of these best explains whether alchemy is a science or pseudoscience?

A-It is a science because all matter is known to be made of elements.

B-It is a science because air, fire, earth, and water all are forms of matter.

C-It is pseudoscience because all matter is known to be made of atoms.

D-It is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable.

E-It is pseudoscience because each metal is known to be a unique element.

The concentration of species in the reaction changes the reaction in the following ways: decrease carbon dioxide = forward direction of reaction.

The direction of the reaction can be assessed by the following.  On increasing the concentration of the reactant the reaction processes in the forward direction. On increasing the concentration of product the reaction processes in the backward direction.  

The given equilibrium is:

2CO(g) + O2(g) ↔ 2CO2(g)

increase CO = forward direction of reaction  

increase oxygen = forward direction of reaction

decrease CO = no change in equilibrium as reaction not processes.  

decrease oxygen = no change in equilibrium as reaction not processes.  

increase carbon dioxide= reverse direction  

decrease carbon dioxide = forward direction of reaction.

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The internal energy of a human body is the net energy contained in the body due motion of its particle or molecules.

In a human body the internal energy is stored . It increases when the temperature of the body rises, or when the body observes some changes. Internal energy we can say that is the sum of kinetic and potential energy of all particles in the body.

Internal energy is a state function of a system and is an extensive quantity. Every substance possesses a fixed quantity of energy which depends upon  its chemical nature and also on its state of existence. Every substance have a definite value of Internal energy.

The change in the Internal energy of a reaction may be considered as the difference between the internal energies of the two states.

ΔU = [tex]E_{B}[/tex] - [tex]E_{A}[/tex]     where [tex]E_{B}[/tex] and [tex]E_{A}[/tex] are the initial energies of states A and B. Or we can also write the equation as:

ΔU = ΔE

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The amount of acetylsalicylic acid in the tablet is 0.001389 moles and the number of hydrogen atoms in the amount of acetylsalicylic acid in the tablet is 6.69 × 10²¹.

(a)

The formula of acetylsalicylic acid is C₉H₈O₄.

Molar mass of C₉H₈O₄ = 9 × atomic mass of C + 8 × atomic mass of H + 4 × atomic mass of O

                                      = 9 × 12 + 8 × 1 + 4 × 16

                                      = 108 + 8 + 64

                                      = 180

No of moles of acetylsalicylic acid = Given mass / molar mass

                                                         = 0.25 / 180

                                                         = 0.001389

Hence, the number of moles of acetylsalicylic acid is 0.001389 moles.

(b)

Number of hydrogen atoms present in 1 mole of acetylsalicylic acid = 6.023 × 10²³ atoms

Number of hydrogen atom present in 0.001389 moles of acetylsalicylic acid = 0.001389 × 6.023 × 10²³ = 0.008365 = 8.36 × 10²⁰ atoms.

Now there are 8 hydrogen atoms in acetylsalicylic acid so,

Number of atoms of hydrogen in acetylsalicylic acid = 8 × 8.36 × 10²⁰ atoms = 6.69 × 10²¹ atoms.

Hence, the number of atoms of hydrogen in 0.001389 moles of acetylsalicylic acid is 6.69 × 10²¹ atoms.

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Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius of one gram of a substance. Therefore, 13.12KJ of heat is required to melt 39.4 g of ice at (0 ∘C ).

Enthalpy term is basically used in thermodynamics to show the overall energy that a matter have. Mathematically, Enthalpy is directly proportional to specific heat capacity of a substances.

Mathematically,

q = n ×ΔH

where

q = amount of heat= ?

n = no of moles

ΔH = enthalpy  ( 6.02 kJ/ mol)

n = w / M.M

w = given mass =39.4g

M.M = molar mass ( molar mass of water)=18g/mol

n =39.4/ 18

 =2.18

Substituting all the given values, we get

q = n ×ΔH

   = 2.18 ×6.02

   = 12.401 kJ

   =13.12KJ

Therefore, 13.12KJ of heat is required  to melt 39.4 g of ice at (0 ∘C ).

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The unique property of the orbitals around the nucleus of an atom is that each orbital has electrons of a specific energy level; option B.

Orbitals in an atom are regions of space around which electrons are found in an atom.

The orbitals in an atom are also described as energy levels.

Electrons are arranged in atomic orbitals from orbitals having the lowest energy to orbitals having the greatest energy.

The outermost orbital of an atom is known as the valence orbital and electrons found there are known as valence electrons.

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