When a substance cannot move by osmosis or diffusion, it is because it cannot cross the plasma membrane due to its charge or size, and if it is by diffusion, it is because it is against its concentration gradient.
Why can't a substance go through osmosis or diffusion?A substance could not pass through osmosis since only water can pass to the place with the highest concentration. While by diffusion it could not happen due to its size or electric charge, neither if the concentration gradient is against it.
Active transport helps in this by passing elements against their concentration gradient, generating an energy expenditure for this to occur since this movement is not energetically possible.
Therefore, we can confirm that when a substance cannot move by osmosis or diffusion, it is because it cannot cross the plasma membrane due to its charge or size, and if it is by diffusion, it is because it is against its concentration gradient.
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Human blood types are determined by genes that follow the codominance pattern of inheritance. there are two dominant alleles (a and b) and one recessive allele (o). if a man that has the blood type aa mates with a woman that has the blood type bo. what are the chances of them having a baby that has "a" blood type?
Answer:
50%
Explanation:
Blood type a and b are codominant, so lets express as 'A and B'
Blood type o is recessive, so is expressed as little 'o'
A man has blood type aa which needs to be written as dominant (in caps) = AA
A woman has blood type bo. The b needs to be dominant and the o stays as little 'o' = Bo
As you can see in the punnet square I have drawn the alleles of the man (AA) at the top and the alleles of the woman (Bo) on the left side to find the alleles of the offspring.
We have the alleles:
AB, AB, Ao, Ao
AB = blood type AB because A and B are codominant which are expressed equally
Ao = blood type A as only A is dominant here which takes express over the recessive 'o'
We have 2 'Ao' out of 4
2/4 = 0.5
0.5 × 100 = 50%
erwin chargaff observed that the proportions of adenine (a) and thymine (t) bases were always equal, as were the proportion of guanine (g) and cytosine (c). how does that make sense with watson and crick's model of dna?
The observation of Erwin Chargaff make sense with that of the Watson and Crick's model as in the model of DNA, Adenine base pairs with Thymine and Guanine base pairs with Cytosine. Therefore, the numbers of adenine and thymine are equal and also of guanine and cytosine.
DNA is the most prevalent form of genetic material as it is more stable. The nucleic acid consists of deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous bases and phosphate group. Sugar and phosphate are arranged alternatively and form the backbone. The structure of DNA is double stranded.
Thymine is one of the bases of DNA. It is different from the others because it is present only in DNA and not in RNA. It base pairs with adenine using 2 hydrogen bonds.
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which hormone is incorrectly paired with its effect? insulin - increases number of glut transporters in skeletal muscle cells cholecystokinin - stimulates release of bile from gall bladder glucagon - increases blood glucose levels gastrin - stimulates stomach motility secretin - stimulates release of digestive enzymes from pancreas
The hormone which is incorrectly paired with its effect is: secretin - stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
The correct statement is: While cholecystokinin (CCK) increases the release of digestive enzymes in the pancreas, secretin stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3).
A hormone called cholecystokinin (CCK) serves as a component of your digestive tract. Your small intestine releases it (secretes it) during digestion. It is sometimes referred to as pancreozymin. Although its role in the brain and central nervous system is not fully known, cholecystokinin (CCK) is also present there.
Secretin is a hormone that controls the body's water balance and affects the environment of the duodenum by controlling secretions from the liver, and stomach. The S cells of the duodenum, which are found in the digestive glands, generate this peptide hormone.
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On which day is the level of LH in the bloodstream at its highest? What event occurs immediately after this peak?
Answer:
LH reaches its highest concentration on day 13. This causes the follicle to burst, releasing the ovum, and the follicle begins to develop into a corpus luteum.
The level of LH in the bloodstream at its highest at the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. Ovulation takes place ta the 14th day of the month which does ovulation.
What is the full form of LH ?The full form of LH is leutinizing hormone.
Corpus luteum is formed at the 14th day of the cycle that is the matured graffian follicle when releases an ovum then the matured graffian follicle makes the structure called as the corpus luteum which is yellowish in color.
With the increase in LH, other hormones also peak up because the hormones have to be associated with the thickening of the uterus walls and the walls of uterus have to be thickened up so as to make the uterus fit for baby production.
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4. what structure allows bacteria to sense and respond to their external environment and how do they achieve this
Bacterial quorum sensing, a technique that controls bacterial gene expression, is dependent on the adaptable chemical signaling molecules known as autoinducers.
These signals (autoinducers) differ between animals, just like languages do between people. Some bacterial species can understand a wide variety of signals, whereas others only react to a small number. Individual bacteria in colonies can cooperate and carry out colony-wide processes such sporulation, bioluminescence, pathogenicity, conjugation, competence, and biofilm formation thanks to quorum sensing. During a cholera infection, the notorious gram-negative pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholerae uses quorum sensing for virulence.
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Which process is a characteristic of all living things and is responsible for differences within a population?
Reproduction is the biological process characteristic of all living things and it is responsible for differences within a population (Option c).
What is reproduction?Reproduction is a biological process that an organism has in order to perpetuate its genes over generations, which may include different phenomena in order to increase the variation that acts as the primary source for natural selection.
Therefore, with this data, we can see that reproduction is the process that includes differences in order to enhance the adaptive abilities in the species by the mechanism of natural selection in nature.
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in a population of mustard plants, the gene that determines the height phenotype has two alleles. the allele for tall plants (t) is dominant to the allele for short plants (t). in the same population of plants, the gene for flower color also has two alleles. the allele for white color (w) is dominant to the allele for yellow color (w). a mustard plant that is homozygous dominant for both height and flower color is crossed with a mustard plant that is homozygous recessive for height and heterozygous for flower color. what are the possible genotypes of the offspring of this cross?
These crosses could result in genotypes with homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous genes.
What is the genotype of this cross's progeny?The genetic makeup of the sex cells or gametes (ova and sperm) that were combined during conception to create an offspring determines its genotype. Each parent contributed one sex cell. Normal sex cells only have one copy of each gene for each characteristic.
How can the genotype of a test cross be determined?By examining the phenotypes of the offspring, the unknown genotype can be identified. If mating the unknown recessive phenotypic individual with the unknown dominant phenotype (PP or Pp genotype) results in solely dominant phenotypes (no recessive), then the unknown individual is homozygous dominant.
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the irish potato famine was caused by a pathogen that quickly and successfully infected and killed millions of potato plants in ireland. based on the speed and ability of the pathogen to infect the plants, what kind of farming technique was likely implemented by the irish?
Monoculture is the farming technique was likely implemented by the Irish.
In agriculture, monoculture is the exercise of developing one crop species in a discipline at a time. Monoculture is broadly utilized in extensive farming and in natural farming: each a 1,000-acre cornfield and a 10-hectare discipline of natural kale are monocultures
Therefore, the correct option is a).
Complete question is
The Irish potato famine was caused by a pathogen that quickly and successfully infected and killed millions of potato plants in Ireland. based on the speed and ability of the pathogen to infect the plants, what kind of farming technique was likely implemented by the Irish?
a) monoculture
b) organic
c) sustainable
d) intercropping
e) strip cropping
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q016) the technique that injects oxygen and nutrients into a contaminated aquifer in order to foster the growth of bacteria that can break down contaminant molecules is called a. effluent injection. b. plume extraction. c. bioremediation. d. napl injection.
The technique that injects oxygen and nutrients into a contaminated aquifer in order to foster the growth of bacteria that can break down contaminant molecules is called bioremediation.
Hence, option C is correct.
What is the process of bioremediation?A biotechnological procedure called bioremediation is used to reduce or remove pollution. It is a kind of waste management strategy that employs organisms to either remove or use pollutants from a polluted region.
What chemicals are used in bioremediation?Cytochrome P450s, laccases, hydrolases, dehalogenases, dehydrogenases, proteases, and lipases are some of the most prominent enzymes used in bioremediation. These enzymes have shown promise in the potential degradation of polymers, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, dyes, detergents, agrochemical compounds, etc.
Thus from above conclusion we can say that the technique that injects oxygen and nutrients into a contaminated aquifer in order to foster the growth of bacteria that can break down contaminant molecules is called bioremediation.
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a researcher has a dna sample that was generated from the mrna extracted from a cell line. the researcher wants to determine specifically how much of gene a was expressed in that cell line. what is one experiment that could be done to quantitively measure the expression of gene a?
To quantitatively measure the expression of gene A generated from the m-RNA extracted from a cell line, the researcher should use real-time PCR.
Cell line is defined as the the population of cells generated from a single cell that continues to divide may be indefinitely. Cell lines are formed from the primary cell cultures. Cell line are used for various purposes like vaccine production, drug testing, antibody production, etc.
Real-time PCR is the type of PCR where the amount of product accumulated in the real time as the mechanism of production of the product is being carried out. The quantification is done along with each cycle of the PCR.
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Why is having large leaves an advantage and a disadvantage? Link your answer to different environmental conditions (extended answer)
Answer:
Large leaves have a large surface area, which would allow them to absorb more sunlight for photosynthesis. At the same time, a large surface area would allow for a large amount of water loss.
But large leaves can cope in hot, wet, tropical climates because they counteract the daytime heat-trapping effect using transpiration – something desert plants cannot do because they cannot afford to lose that much water.
The larger the leaves, the more surface from which moisture can be evaporated. If the environment tends to be dry, the life of the plant can be threatened by losing too much moisture - therefore, the reduction in leaf size.
Explanation:
it's more difficult for them to absorb heat at night, making them more susceptible to cold temperatures.
Can you mark brainiest pls?
at the sand bar, customers can nibble on snails ( ) with garlic butter and oysters on the half shell ( ) during their 'happy hour.' the happy patrons will be enjoying what types of mollusks?
Gastropods, bivalves. There are various distinctive traits that characterize the phylum Mollusk. A mantle with a mantle chamber, a shell (save where lost), visceral mass, foot, and radula are some of these distinguishing features.
What about mollusks?The mollusks contain numerous well-known creatures, such as clams, snails, slugs, and squid, as well as some uncommon creatures, such as tusk shells and chitons. Bivalve, gastropod, and cephalopod mollusks make up the three major mollusk subgroups. They are cephalopods, scaphopods, bivalves, and gastropods. Any member of the huge phylum (Mollusk) of invertebrate organisms having a soft, unequal body that is typically protected by a calcareous shell, including snails, clams, or squids. Jellyfish and octopi are examples of aquatic invertebrates. Both of these species fall under separate phyla due to their dissimilar morphology and physiology. Octopi belong to the phylum Mollusk, whereas jellyfish belong to the phylum Cnidaria. The gastropods (snails and slugs) make up 80% of all mollusk species and are by far the most abundant. One of the rarest and most exquisite mollusks in the entire world is the Blue Dragon. In the phylum Mollusk, the two most poisonous species are octopuses and cone snails. In the waters of the Indo-Pacific, cone snails are most dangerous. An extended proboscis used to inject a detached harpoon-like dart into the victim causes envenomation.Learn more about mollusks here:
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The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates.
Answer:
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates: parallel processing.
Explanation:
What is the spinal cord structure that consists of nerves that leave the conus medullaris and lumbar enlargement and pass downward through the vertebral canal, resembling a horse tail?.
Spinal Cord is long, tube-band of tissue which is connect brain to our lower back. Spinal Cord is is a cylindrical structure which is carries nerve signal from our brain to our body and vice versa.
People mostly misunderstand Spinal Cord as Spine, but Spinal Cord is structured by band of tissues, nerves and cells.
Spinal Cord Functions are:
Control body movement, such as heartbeatNotify sense to our brain, such as when we hurtControl body reflex, such as moving your neck when someone touch it.Explanation:
Cauda Equina Syndrome also known as Cauda Equina is structure of Spinal cord which ends at the upper part of the lumbar (lower back) spine or at the first level or second level of lumbar, this condition which are like horse tail or called as Cauda Equina which means horse tail in Latin.
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Have you had the chance to watch a tree grow over a span of several years? Did you notice that the tree grew thicker and taller? Deep in the roots of the tree and high in the growing shoots are meristem cells. Each year, the meristem cells help the tree continue to grow. As a tree ages, it needs to keep making more xylem and phloem cells to carry water and food.
Which statement explains how this occurs?
A. Xylem and phloem from one part of the plant are transferred to another part.
B. The existing xylem and phloem divide to make more xylem and phloem.
C. Cell division is not necessary for a plant to create new xylem and phloem cells.
D. Meristem cells divide and some of the new cells differentiate into xylem and phloem.
Answer:
I think its D
Explanation:
hope this helpsss :)
you are examining the rapidly dividing cells of a fish embryo and notice a cell that seems to contain two nuclei with complete nuclear envelopes and decondensing chromosomes. the middle of the cell is pinched inward. this cell must be in
This cell is in Telophase stage .
Telophase is a end stage of mitosis where two new nuclear envelopes form in each daughter cell.
Mitosis is a fundamental process for life. In mitosis cell duplicates all of its contents, also the chromosomes . Telophase is the final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase . Process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed. Telophase is the final stage of meiosis and mitosis, in which the detached chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the dividing cell and the nuclei .
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which of the following statements about the dna double helix is true? multiple choice complementary base pairing across the double helix allows information to be transferred via dna replication. complementary base pairing allows the production of a dna strand that is identical to its template strand (or parts of the template strand) via dna replication. the 3' end of the double helix terminates in a nitrogenous base on the 3' carbon. it takes large amounts of energy to separate the double helix because it is held together via covalent bonds. the 5' end of the double helix terminates in a nitrogenous base on the 5' carbon.
The statement "Complementary base pairing across the double helix allows information to be transferred via DNA replication." is true about the DNA double helix.
The template strand serves as the basis for the new strand.Using a template strand, the enzyme DNA polymerase aids in the formation of new strands.The parent molecule that is already present unearths the bases that are present during the DNA replication process.The arrival of DNA polymerase results in the formation of complementary bases on the new strand.The ester bonds between the old and new strands, respectively, between 5' phosphate and 3' OH, are also helped by DNA polymerase.Know more about DNA replication here: https://brainly.com/question/21265857
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Select more than 1 answer
Plasma is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT
A. carries nutrients like glucose and oxygen
B. carries hormones
C. carries antibodies and antitoxins
D. allows the blood to flow because it is mostly water
E. allows the body to maintain body temperature
F. carries waste products like carbon dioxide
connect the optimal ph of each enzyme to their location in the body. Does each optimal ph make sense for those locations? Why or why not?
Each enzyme has an ideal pH, but it also has a range of different ph within which it can continue to function. The lipase will determine this. The stomach's acidity causes the pepsin enzyme to break down proteins.
What is enzyme made of?Proteins called enzymes were made up of amino acids connected by one or more peptide chains. The fundamental structure of a polypeptide refers to this arrangement of amino acids. This in turn determines the enzyme's three-dimensional structure, including the active site's shape.
What is the function of enzyme?Enzymes, which are proteins, help speed up the metabolism of our bodies' chemical reactions. While certain chemicals are generated, others are decomposed. Everything that is alive contains enzymes. Naturally, enzymes are produced by our bodies.
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species x has a gene a that has this as part of its sequence: atgctgcctagc which species is most closely related to species x, based on their gene a sequence?
ATTTGCCTAGC is most closely related to species x, based on their gene a sequence.
What is Sequence ?The basic structure of a biological macromolecule, also known as the sequence, is the covalently connected, one-dimensional ordering of monomers inside a biopolymer. The term "sequence" can apply to a variety of substances, although it is most frequently used to describe a DNA sequence.
An ordered list of numbers is a sequence. The three dots indicate that the established pattern should move forward. A phrase is used to describe each number in the series. The first term in the order 1, 3, 5, 7, 9,... is 1, the second is 3, the third is 5, and so on.
The nucleotide base sequence of an organism's genetic material can be recognized and recorded thanks to DNA sequencing. Frederick Sanger and his associates created the chain termination method of sequencing throughout the 1970s. Another name for the chain termination technique is Sanger sequencing.
What is Gene Sequence ?A technique used in laboratories to map out the complete genetic composition of a particular organism or cell type. To detect changes in specific regions of the genome, utilize this technique. These modifications could aid research into the pathogenesis of particular diseases like cancer.
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the genetic material of the human immunodeficiency virus is rna. in hiv-infected human cells, the rna can be copied into a dna molecule by a process known as
The RNA can be copied into a DNA molecule by a process known as Reverse transcription.
Reverse transcription is DNA dependent RNA polymerase, and it is considered the imitated enzyme of retroviruses. reverse transcriptase function to utilize only the single-stranded RNA to synthesize viral DNA.
As the name suggest it reverses the flow of genetic information from RNA to DNA in place of DNA to RNA that is most common case in transcription. As reverse transcriptase is important process in some retroviruses, like HIV-1. As this process requires to counter many antiretroviral therapeutics drugs .
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3.How are organisms grouped into producers, consumers, and decomposers?
Where do you fall
Answer:
Food webs are models to show how organisms are related in an ecosystem based on how they get their energy. The main roles are producers, consumers, and decomposers?
Explanation:
Producers
Producers make their own energy through photosynthesis. All most all plants, But not all, are Producers.
Consumers can be divided into
Primary > Primary consumers get energy by eating producers. They are usually small animals, insects and herbivores.Secondary > Secondary consumers get energy eating primary consumers. Secondary consumers are usually predators.Tertiary > Tertiary consumers get energy by eating secondary consumers. Owls and birds of prey, bears and large predator's, and carnivores are usually tertiary consumers. Humans are also among the tertiary consumers.And lastly Decomposers
Decomposers get by breaking down dead organisms and returning nutrients to the soil. Decomposers are usually fungi-like-mushrooms and bacteria
During which stage of mitotic division do chromosomes align at the equator of the cell?.
Chromosomes align in the cell equator occurs at the metaphase stage.
Mitosis is the process of cell division into two daughter cells with identical DNA base pairs. Mitosis takes place in four stages namely prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
In the second stage of mitosis, namely the metaphase stage when the nuclear membrane is gone, so the chromosomes come out of the nucleus and are aligned in the the equator cell. Chromosomes are in the densest state so that they are shorter and thicker and the chromatids repel each other, each attached to the opposite end of the fiber.
.
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What is a similarity between genes and chromosomes?
Responses
both come in pairs
both are fragments of genetic information
both contain information needed to synthesize proteins,
both are tightly wound up into condensed structures
Answer:
both come in pairs
Explanation:
because of meiosis both start off in pairs but later chromosomes separate into two unidentical daughter cells during anaphase and genes seperate to haploid cells
motion can be described through a change in___________
A speed
B distance
C Position
D time
Answer:
speed
Explanation:
Does bread have reducing sugars?
If yes, why did my benedict test result in negative?
Answer:
Sucrose contains two sugars (fructose and glucose) joined by their glyosidic bond in such a way as to prevent the glucose isomerizing to aldehyde, or the fructose to α-hydroxy-ketone form. Sucrose is thus a non-reducing sugar, which does not react with Benedict's reagent.
Explanation:
Baed on your pH teting reult, can you categorize either of the microbe a acidophile, neutrophile, or alkaliphile? Explain your anwer in relation to Data Table 2
The majority of bacteria are neutrophiles, which means that, in contrast to their neutrophile homologues, they grow best at an acidic pH within secretory environments.
Who or what qualifies as a microbe?The term "microbiology" refers to the study of microorganisms. Bacteria, fungus, archaea, and protists are all types of microorganisms. Prions and viruses are not considered microbes because they are considered non-living in general.
Why do microorganisms differ from bacteria?Microorganisms might have one cell, many cells, or no cells. Microbes with a single cell and no nucleus are known as bacteria. Although archaea and bacteria are similar, they differ in their structures and characteristics.
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which diagnostic test or procedure refers to a laboratory test in which a colony of microorganisms are grown to determine the type of organism and which antibiotic will destroy that organism?
A blood culture diagnostic test or procedure is a laboratory test that involves growing a colony of microorganisms to determine the type of organism.
A blood culture is a laboratory test that detects microorganism and other germs in a blood sample.If your blood culture test results are "positive," it usually means you have bacteria or yeast in your blood. "Negative" indicates that they are not present. The majority of bacteria can be seen in the culture after 2 to 3 days. However, some types can take 10 days or longer to appear. It can take up to 30 days for fungus to appear in the culture. A blood culture is a test that looks for germs in the blood.
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what are environmental resistance and carrying capacity? how do biotic potential and environmental resistance interact to determine carrying capacity?
Environmental Resistance: Each and Every environmental constraint that restricts the population's ability to grow.
Carrying capacity: The largest number of people who could comfortably rely on their available resources without depleting them to the point where future generations wouldn't have enough to survive.
They both have a say in population size because when a population grows above its biotic capacity, resource depletion threatens the survival of subsequent generations, which in turn endangers the population or species. Because of all the environmental constraints in their area of residence, environmental resistance essentially defines the biotic potential of a population.
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when an rh-negative mother gives birth to an rh-positive infant, the mother usually produces antibodies that will attack any subsequent pregnancies in which the fetus is rh positive. when subsequent babies are rh positive, erythroblastosis fetalis occurs. what is another name for erythroblastosis fetalis?
Alloimmune HDFN (Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn) is another name for erythroblastosis fetalis.
What is erythroblastosis fetalis?
Hemolytic anaemia in the fetus known as erythroblastosis fetalis is brought on by the transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies to fetal red blood cells.
This condition is typically brought on by mismatch between the maternal and fetal blood groups, frequently Rho (D) antigens.
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies from the mother damage neonatal red blood cells, which is the source of the condition. Isoimmunization refers to the production of maternal antibodies in response to a fetal antigens.
Therefore, Alloimmune HDFN (Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn) is another name for erythroblastosis fetalis.
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