Answer:
The mother can carry a full-term baby with A blood type because the mother's blood does not mix with the baby's blood, so the mother's immune system does not activate attacking the baby.
Explanation:
The reason why a mother with B blood type and A antibodies in her system can carry a full-term pregnancy is thanks to the placenta. The placenta is a shared organ between the mother and the baby. Its function is to protect the baby and produce the necessary exchanges of nutrients and wastes between the maternal blood and the baby's blood. As the two types of blood are separated, and they never get in contact during pregnancy, the immune system of the mother does not recognize the baby as a treat. The mother can have A antibodies in her plasma due to a previous pregnancy where during delivery, the two types of blood mixed, also it can be due to any contact with the A blood type. When the foreign blood enters the body, the immune system forms antibodies for it.
2. What are the major hormones and nervous pathways that play a role in primate (including humans) stress reactions?
Answer: Epinephrine (also known as adrenaline) and norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline)
Explanation:
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HHA axis) is a complex set of direct influences and feedback interactions between the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the adrenal gland. The fine homeostatic interactions (Homeostasis) between these three organs constitute the HHA axis, an essential part of the neuroendocrine system that controls reactions to stress and regulates various processes in the body such as digestion, the immune system, emotions, sexual behavior and energy metabolism.
Adrenaline (or also epinephrine) is synthesized and stored in the adrenal medulla and released into the systemic circulation. Noradrenaline (or norepinephrine) is synthesized and stored not only in the adrenal medulla, but also in the peripheral sympathetic nerves. Epinephrine, among other things, increases the heart rate. Norepinephrine constricts blood vessels and extends the length of sympathetic nervous system activation.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a control system that acts unconsciously and regulates heart rate, digestion, breathing rate, pupil response, urination and sexual response. It is one of the major neural pathways which has a role in the response to stress and is divided into the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). During stress, the SNS contributes to the "fight or flight" response, a physiological response to the perception of harm, attack, or threat to survival. The response begins in the amygdala body, which triggers a neural response in the hypothalamus, the initial response is followed by activation of the pituitary gland and secretion of the hormone ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone). The adrenal gland is activated almost simultaneously and releases the neurotransmitter epinephrine. The release of chemical messengers results in the production of the hormone cortisol, which increases blood pressure, blood glucose concentration, and suppresses the immune system. The initial reaction and subsequent responses are initiated in an effort to increase energy, which is achieved by the binding of epinephrine to liver cells and the subsequent release of glucose. In addition, cortisol converts fatty acids into available energy, preparing muscles throughout the body for the reaction. The hormones catecholamines, such as epinephrine or norepinephrine, facilitate immediate physical responses associated with preparation for violent muscular action.
which part of an investigation is only found in an experimental investigation
Answer:
Experimental
Explanation:
How are the millions of organisms on earth classified by scientists
Answer:
The taxonometric way of classifying organisms is based on similarities between different organisms. ... Scientists looked at the characteristics (traits) that each organism had in common. They used the shared derived characteristics of organisms. Scientists were then able to find the common ancestry of the organisms.
Millions of the organisms are present on Earth and they are classified into categories by the division of them into the different kingdoms based on their characters and traits.
What is the number of kingdoms ?There are total 5 kingdoms in total given by R.H. Whittaker.
Kingdom monera is the first kingdom in which the single celled organisms are divided in and they are basically the first ones to invade the planet as well. These are single celled prokaryotic organisms which do not have well defined organelles.
Later on the prokaryotes along with the protists, kingdom plantae in which all the plants are included and the kingdom animalia in which all the animals are included in. Based on the sub categories they are later divided into the various categories such as mammals with the mammary glands are divided into phylum mammals.
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Molecules of a shark
I have a question are you asking what are the molecules of a shark or something
Birds, snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits. Assuming that this is true, these groups of animals and their common ancestor would represent
Answer:
Monophyletic groups
Explanation:
Animals in monophyletic groups comprises of jaw vertebrates (typically known as a group of gnathostomes). They are monophyletic because all of the descendants of the most recent common ancestor are include in the group. The group can be defined by the shared derived feature such as jaw. This shared derived feature of jaw is known as synapomorphy. This derived feature of jaw is significant since the ancestral state were plesiomorphy ( a jawless condition). Other factor of monophyletic groups include the presences of bone.
42. Variation which exhibits a wide range from one
extreme to the other is
A. phenotypic variation.
B. discontinuous variation.
C. continuous variation.
D. genotypic variation
Answer:
C. continuous variation.
Explanation:
Variation within organisms refers to how different they are from another. In biology, variation can either be a continuous one or discontinuous.
A continuous variation is a type of variation in which there is a wide range of values from one phenotype/extreme to the other. In other words, there are a lot of values in between the extremes. For example, the human height can range from different degree of shortness to a different degree of tallness. Hence, human height is an example of a trait that exhibit continuous variation.
Therefore, a variation which exhibits a wide range from one extreme to the other is CONTINUOS VARIATION.
Enzymes are active at which temperature
range?
A. 4 to 45 degree centigrade
B. 0 to 4 degree centigrade
C. 0 degree centigrade
D. above 50 degree and centigrade
A student investigating the importance of wavelengths above and below the visible spectrum for photosynthesis sets up an experiment as follows over a 2-month period, all with illumination at 1 meter distance from plants grown with the same soil and watering conditions. ollapse 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to infrared light (IR) 3 Arabidopsis plants exposed to white light At the end of the experiment, she finds that the IR treated plants are scorched, the UV treated plants have wilted, but the white light-treated plants are growing normally.
Which of the following statements is most likely to be correct?
A) Three plants do not provide sufficient replications to draw a conclusion
B) Wavelength of light is the only variable that has been changed between groups.
C) The wavelength of light does not affect photosynthesis.
D) Infrared light contains more energy than the other wavelengths.
Answer:
The correct answer is : B) Wavelength of light is the only variable that has been changed between groups.
Explanation:
In this three plants in three different conditions shows three different outcomes so their is sufficient replication to draw a conclusion. The wavelength of the light affects the growth of the plant. UV light has very low wavelengths below 400 nm than the photons required similarly Infrared light has higher wavelengths that is low energy light, UV can cause wilting and leaf burn.
So, the wavelengths of the light and growth of plant are related and this experiment only wavelengths of the lights are changed.
Thus, the correct answer is : B) Wavelength of light is the only variable that has been changed between groups.
Answer:
Option B (Wavelength of light is the only variable that has been changed between groups) is most likely to be correctExplanation:
It provides the outcome of the three independent experiment, therefore it has the sufficient replications to draw a conclusions. Thus option a is incorrect.
Here, the different wavelength of light has been provided to the Arabidopsis plants. Thus, option b is correct.
The wavelength of the light affects the photosynthesis in plants because it helps in excitation of the chlorophyll electrons and transfer it to higher energy level in order to prepare food on their own. Ultraviolet light consists smaller wavelength with high energy photons in comparison to the infrared light.
The infrared light refers to the longer wavelength with low energy photons. Therefore, UV light may cause the leaf burn (scorching and wilting).Thus, option D is incorrect.
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which organelle converts cellular polymers into monomers? 1)lysosomes 2)golgibody 3)plastids 3)SER
Answer:
1) lysosomes
Explanation:
because, they involve in intracellular digestion
The stethoscope should be placed on the chest wall over the breastbone at the level of seccond rib.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
The statement is true.
Explanation:
The stethoscope is an acoustic instrument that amplifies sounds, it is used by doctors to perform a test known as auscultation, either on the chest or the abdomen. The hood or membrane is placed on top of the patient's body. This bell captures and amplifies the vibrations that arise from the sounds of the organs. This is possible thanks to the shape of the bell (concave) and the thinness of the membrane (to be able to copy and amplify the sounds). According to different studies, the noises that are heard on the surface of the thoracic wall are generated in the greater bronchi, mainly lobar and segmental. Noises reaching the periphery are low-frequency, since the lung serves as a filter for high-frequency sounds. The stethoscope amplifies the sounds heard in the area where it is placed. The vibrations can be auscultated with the stethoscope resting on the thorax, the abnormalities correspond to the increase or decrease in the quality of hearing,for example the increased perception of the auscultated voice can be classified as Broncophonia.
A pumpkin has a mass of 314 ounces.Based on the tiles below, what is the mass of the pumpkin in kilograms
Suppose you scraped off some of the pale
green stuff from the tree bark. How would you know whether it was alive or
not? What observations would you note? What tests could you do to see
whether it's alive?
When have you used the skills of observation,
experimentation, or modeling? Describe an example of how you have used this skill.
Answer:
For my school we learned it differently but I don't know if this helps
Observation: I am is crying
Question: Why am I crying
Hypothesis: It had to do with something that I was thinking about
Collect data: Next I realize that those things were bad and I needed to do something about it/find a solution to my emotions
Conclusion: My hypothesis was correct, I was thinking about something.
The first one was observation
The sacond to forth one was experimental
The fifth one was modeling
Which of the following regarding internal mammary artery is true?
a) supply the heart
b) arise from the subclavian artery
c) arise from the aorta
Answer:
The correct answer is option b) "arise from the subclavian artery" .
Explanation:
The internal mammary artery, nowadays known as the internal thoracic artery, is one of the most important arteries in the body, since it supplies the anterior chest wall and the breasts with oxygen. The internal mammary artery arise from the subclavian artery, particularly from its proximal part, and it extends up into the musculophrenic and the deep superior epigastric arteries.
Which of the following is not a unique characteristic of a bird?
The number of living organisms in a particular area is _____. population density population community carrying capacit
Answer:
Hey!
Your answer is definitely POPULATION!
Explanation:
HOPE THIS HELPS!!
Are there any colonies for which genotype information cannot be determined? If so, which colony or colonies?
Answer:
Please see below
Explanation:
It is colony number 6. The genotypic information cannot be determined in this case since it did not grow on any of the four replica plates with minimal medium and a unique amino acid. Every other colony (1 to 5) did grow a least once on either of the replica plates. So there is no hint given towards colony six's genotype.
Which of the following is not true regarding dehydration synthesis?
1) It requires energy.
2) It results in the breakdown of large molecules into smaller mol
3) As chemical bonds are formed during this process, it results in
molecule of water.
4)
It uses small molecules needed for this process that result fror
of food.
5) It is also known as a condensation reaction.
Answer:
2) It results in the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
Explanation:
A dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis is a reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule as one of the products. As the name implies (de- remove, hydrate-water), water (H20) is released as chemical covalent bonds forms between the joining small molecules.
Small molecules called monomers are joined together to synthesize a much larger molecule called Polymer. Since it involves the joining or condensation of two small molecules, dehydration synthesis is also referred to as CONDENSATION reaction.
Dehydration synthesis builds up large molecules from small ones, hence, it is an endothermic process i.e. requires energy to occur. Hence, the untrue statement in the question is that dehydration synthesis results in the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules because it is the opposite (synthesis of large molecules from small ones).
It results in the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules is not
true regarding dehydration synthesis.
Dehydration synthesis is also known as a condensation reaction as it
involves the formation of a large molecule from two or more smaller
molecules through the formation of chemical bonds.
It requires energy and is characterized by the formation of water molecules
which makes option 2 the most appropriate choice.
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Look at the picture below.
What does this picture represent?
A. Atoms that are ions
B. Atoms with a covalent bond
C. Atoms with no bond
D. Atoms with an ionic
bond
Explanation:
This is an atom with a covalent bond
This picture represent an atoms with a covalent bond.
Which atoms participate in the covalent bond?Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bond that occurs between hydrogen atoms, nonmetals and semimetals, in order to remain stable.
A covalent bond is one in which the atoms of chemical elements share their electrons in order to be stable. Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bond that occurs between hydrogen atoms, nonmetals and semimetals, in order to remain stable.
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(a)
(i)
What are secondary colours of light?
Name the colour that results from the combination of each of
the following pairs of colour of light:
(a)
red and green;
(B)
blue and green;
(Y) red and blue.
Answer:
red and blue= purple red and green= brownish yellow blue and green= cyan
Why do new stars form from a hydrogen gas and dust clouds?
Be sure to discuss the role of gravity and fusion in your explanation. Include evidence to support your claim.
Answer:
New stars are able to form from hydrogen gas and dust clouds because the hydrogen gas and dust clouds allow for a new star's fuel.
Gravity allows for the hydrogen gas and dust clouds to condense into a star form. With more and more hydrogen gas and dust clouds combining, the pressure increases and the condensing becomes heavier and heavier. The pressure allows for fusion to start occurring.
Once hydrogen gas and dust clouds have finished condensing, the fusion will still be present. The fusion of hydrogen (fuel) into helium (product) allows to the star to emit light and heat.
Enzymes are
that act as biological catalysts. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energies.
Answer:
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. Enzymes are proteins comprising one or more polypeptide chains. Enzymes have an active site that provides a unique chemical environment made up of certain amino acid R groups (residues).
Suri bought a pet fish. What should she consider when deciding where to put the tank? It should be in a place with a stable temperature because fish are endotherms. It should be placed in a dark area because fish are endotherms. It should be in a place with a stable temperature because fish are ectotherms. It should be placed in a dark area because fish are ectotherms.
Answer:
Stable tempature because it doesn't matter what type of fish it is it needs light and some type of heat even if it's not a lot.
Explanation:
I own fish
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
It should be placed at stable temperature, since fish are ectotherms. Ectotherms are organisms which can not maintain an internal body temperature. Fish and reptiles like snakes are some examples. Their body temperatures keeps fluctuating as with the environment. So it is important for a stable temperature to be available.
Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing
Answer:
From the energy stored in food substance( glucose) as Chemical energy to the energy of motion,which is Kinetic energy.
Explanation:
The energy is produced in the mitochondria which are packed in the flagellum of the a sperm cells.Thus as the sperms move the these flagella flips back and forth,Energy inform of ATPs are generated from the glucose(chemical energy) during cellular respiration in the mitochondria, this energy is converted to Kinetic energy for motility.
Specifically,ATP production for the sperm cells is initiated by Glycolysis. This is because the environments where it swims to meet the ovum punctuates with in oxygen, besides,Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen.
Sperm motility is very important to male fertility.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane from
concentration.
O low, high
O high, low
O high, equal
O equal, low
Answer:
o high, low
Explanation:
Diffusion is the movement of a solute from an area of its high concentration to an area of its low concentration
What are some similarities between the structure of DNA and a ladder?
If the changes are maintained as a result of stimulus, the effect is: a. Homeostasis b. Feedback response c. Negative feedback response d. Positive feedback response
Answer:
b. Feedback response
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the ability of the system to preserve a constant state despite external inputs. Homeostasis requires the constant monitoring of internal environmental conditions in order to keep the balance of the system. Conversely, a feedback response enables to maintain a change observed in the internal conditions of a given system (for example, a living organism). This change is regulated by the interaction among different elements in the system including effectors, sensors and stimuli, which work together to maintain the feedback state.
Use the mechanisms of meiosis to explain why most mules are sterile.
Use your knowledge of the mechanisms of meiosis to explain why most mules are sterile.
1. An even number of chromosomes are required for synapsis during prophase II and proper pairing during metaphase I.
2. An even number of chromosomes are required for synapsis during prophase II and proper pairing during metaphase II
3. An even number of chromosomes are required for synapsis during prophase I and proper pairing during metaphase
4. An even number of chromosomes are required for synapsis during prophase I and proper pairing during metaphase II
Answer:
3. An even number of chromosomes are required for synapsis during prophase I and proper pairing during metaphase
Explanation:
Mules are hybrids of a cross between a female horse and a male donkey. Horses contain 64 chromosomes while donkeys contain 63 chromosomes in their somatic cells respectively. This means that they each produce 32 and 31 chromosomes respectively during meiosis. A mule, hence, contains 32+31= 63 chromosomes in their somatic cells.
This chromosome number in mules are uneven for meiosis to occur because meiotic division requires that an even number of homologous chromosomes pair together in a process called SYNAPSIS during prophase I of meiosis I. This is impossible in a mule because of the uneven number of chromosomes in its cells.
Also, during metaphase of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes need to be properly aligned at the equator for separation to occur. This is also impossible in a mule considering the number of chromosomes that don't add up.
Due to this reason of unevenness in the number of chromosomes present in a mule, meiosis will not occur and if meiosis (gamete formation) does not occur, reproduction cannot take place. Therefore, the mule is a sterile species i.e. cannot produce offsprings via sexual reproduction.
Which biogeochemical cycle does NOT include a
major path in which the substance cycles through
the atmosphere?
A. water cycle
B. carbon cycle
C.nitrogen cycle
D. phosphorous cycle
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Phosphorous cycle does NOT include a major path in which the substance cycles through the atmosphere. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What is Phosphorous cycle?Unlike water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles, the phosphorus cycle does not have a significant atmospheric component. Phosphorus is mainly found in rocks and minerals, and it enters the biotic component of the ecosystem through weathering of these rocks.
Once it enters the biotic component, it cycles through the food chain and eventually returns to the soil or water when organisms die and decompose. While some small amount of phosphorus may become available in the atmosphere due to volcanic eruptions or dust storms, it is not a major pathway for phosphorus cycling. Therefore, option (D) is correct option.
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What are two categories of natural resources?