Neutral lithium is oxidized and changed into Li+ at the anode. When the electrons from the anode reaction are received at the cathode, this causes the reduction of Co(IV) to Co(III).
What is the function of oxidation?The biological aerobic system (BOD) of wastewater is decreased after oxidation, which also lessens some contaminants' cytotoxicity. Some contaminants undergo this treatment and are transformed into dioxide, water, and sludges. Disinfection is commonly accomplished using chemical oxidation.
What causes oxidation?The reaction brought on by coming into touch with oxygen molecules is known as oxidation. These materials can be non-metals like live tissues or metals. Technically speaking, oxidation is the removal of one electrons during the phase of interaction between two or more atoms.
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The type of radioactive decay that releases only energy in order to become stable is
A. gamma decay
B.beta decay
C.electronic decay.
D. alpha decay.
Answer: B Is the answer
Explanation: I just did this
how many ml of 6.00 m hcl solution is needed to make 25.0 ml of 3.00 m hcl solution? answer in ml with correct significant figures and do not include units.
The answer is 12.5 mL.
Solution:
M, 6.00M V₁ =?
M2 = 3.00M, V₂ = 25.0mL
M1V1 = M2 V2/M1
V1 = M2V2 M,
V1 = 25.0X3.00/6.00
∴ V1 = 12.5 mL
The initial concentration of the resulting solution is 2 molar which is the volume multiplied by the concentration. The volume of the starting solution is therefore 2,500 ml × 2.25 mol. Calculate the number of moles of HCl dissolved in a given volume of acid by reacting an acid with CaCO3.
This is essentially a double exchange reaction with the decomposition of one of the products. To determine the amount of stock solution required divide the number of moles of glucose by the molarity of the stock solution.
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Sodium can combine with element "X" so that
the chemical formula is Na₂X. What element
could element "X" be?
A)Phosphorus
B)Helium
C)Magnesium
D)Sulfur
Sodium can combine with element "X" so that the chemical formula is Na₂X. element "X" be Sulphur and compound is Na₂S - sodium sulfide.
Ionic bond involves the attraction in positive charge , cation and negative charged anion . The charge of amount of atoms balance to become a neutral compound. Sodium is a metal and have tendency to donate electron and become Na⁺ and Sulphur is a non metal and have tendency to accept electron and form S²⁻. The both combine and for a ionic compound. the 2 negative charge of sulfur atom may be neutralize by 2 Na⁺ atom.
2Na⁺ + S²⁻ ------> Na₂S
Thus, Sodium can combine with element "X" so that the chemical formula is Na₂X. element "X" be Sulphur and compound is Na₂S - sodium sulfide.
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9. Which of the following are diatomic elements?
Bromine
lodine
Boron
Hydrogen
a compound that contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen is 68.5% c and 8.63% h by mass. what is the empirical formula of this substance?
According to the given statement C₄H₆O is the empirical formula of this substance.
Why are empirical formulas important?Empirical formulae are beneficial since figuring out the molecular formula can be immensely aided by knowing the relative amounts of each constituent in a molecule. It's crucial to have an n-value in order to figure out the precise figure of each atom within the molecule.
What are instances of empirical formulas?The smallest full numerical percentage of atoms present in a molecule serves as the actual formulation of a substance in chemistry. Hydrogen superoxide (SO) and disulfur -2 empirical formulae are two straightforward examples of this notion (S2O2).
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15) in ketose sugars, ring formation can occur because the ketone group reacts reversibly with a hydroxyl group in an aqueous solution. this process is termed . a) hemiacetal formation b) hemicarbation c) mutarotation d) a and c only e) a and b only
in ketose sugars, ring formation can occur because the ketone group reacts reversibly with a hydroxyl group in an aqueous solution. this process is termed " mutarotation".
A shift in the homeostasis between distinct anomers inside the solution causes mutarotation, which is a variation in the specific rotation with plane-polarized light. A hemiketal and hemiacetal group is required for any molecule to exhibit mutarotation. The earliest known example of mutarotation occurred in sugar.
When the matching stereocenters likely to recidivate, the equilibrium among two anomers changes, causing the optical rotation to change. This is known as mutarotation. The interconversion of the and anomeric forms causes the rotation of cyclic sugars.
Therefore, the correct answer will be option (C)
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Name the following bonds:
1. calcium
2. rubidium iodide
3. nickel (IV) selenide
Answer:
Ionic bondIonic bondIonic bondExplanation:
1) Calcium = ?
→ Ca will constitute to form ionic bond.
2) Rubidium iodide = ?
→ Rubidium iodide will form ionic bond.
3) Nickel (IV) selenide = ?
→ Nickel (IV) selenide forms ionic bond.
What state of matter is H2O above 100°C?
Answer:
Gas
Explanation:
Similarly,if we heat a volume of water above 100 degrees Celsius, or 212 degrees Fahrenheit, water changes it's phase into a gas called water vapor
if the dehydration reaction of an alcohol is successful, what changes would be seen in the ir spectrum for the product compared to the starting material? select one or more: the addition of a c-c double bond band in the product the disappearance of a c-o band from the starting material the addition of sp3 c-h bands in the product the disappearance of an o-h band from the starting material
If the dehydration reaction of an alcohol is successful, the disappearance of an O-H and C-O band from the starting material.
Distinct varieties of alcohols may also dehydrate through a slightly specific mechanism pathway. However, the general idea in the back of every dehydration reaction is that the –OH organization inside the alcohol donates two electrons to H+ from the acid reagent, forming an alkyloxonium ion.
Alcohol dehydration via elimination of water is imperative to a chain of functional group interconversions which have been proposed as a reaction pathway that connects hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids underneath geochemically applicable hydrothermal conditions including in sedimentary basins.
During dehydration synthesis, either the hydrogen of one monomer combines with the hydroxyl group of some other monomer freeing a molecule of water, or two hydrogens from one monomer integrate with one oxygen from the other monomer freeing a molecule of water.
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Consider an atom of Sulfur. Predict one atom in the same group which is larger than a sulfur atom, and one which is smaller. Using these trends and your understanding of Coulomb's Law, analyze how forces of attraction and repulsion affect the size of an atom.
From the periodic trends, one atom in the same group which is larger than a sulfur atom is selenium, and one which is smaller is oxygen.
From Coulomb's Law, the size of an atom decreases with an increase in the force of attraction and decreases with an increase in the forces of repulsion.
What group does sulfur belong to in the periodic table of elements?Sulfur belongs to group 6A or 16 of the periodic table.
Elements in group 6A have six electrons in their valence shells.
The valency of elements in group 6a of the period table is usually 2, 4 or 6.
Based on the periodic trends, the atomic size of elements in group 6A increases on going down the group due to an extra electron shell added to the atoms of the elements.
The other elements in group 6A are oxygen, selenium, and tellurium. etc.
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a mixture of hydrogen gas and water vapor has a total pressure of 738 mm hg. if the partial pressure of water vapor is 17.5 mm hg, calculate the mole fraction of hydrogen in the mixture
A mixture of hydrogen gas and water vapor has a total pressure of 738 mm hg. if the partial pressure of water vapor is 17.5 mm hg, the mole fraction of hydrogen in the mixture is 0.976 mol of hydrogen.
given that :
total pressure = 738 mmHg
partial pressure of water vapor = 17.5 mmHg
Total pressure = partial pressure of hydrogen +partial pressure water vapor
partial pressure hydrogen gas = total pressure-partial pressure water vapor
= 738 - 17.5
= 720.5 mmHg
now the , the partial pressure is given as :
partial pressure of hydrogen gas = mole fraction × total pressure
mole fraction of hydrogen gas = partial pressure / total pressure
= 720.5 / 738
= 0.976 mol of hydrogen
Thus, A mixture of hydrogen gas and water vapor has a total pressure of 738 mm hg. if the partial pressure of water vapor is 17.5 mm hg, the mole fraction of hydrogen in the mixture is 0.976 mol of hydrogen.
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carbon footprint: given that fossil fuel combustion is the largest source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission worldwide, which fuel is most responsible for this emission?
Combustion of coal is the largest source of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emission worldwide given by the carbon footprints.
What are carbon footprints?
Carbon footprints are the total amount of emissions of green house gases by a product, place or an event. The main of this is to take actions against the emission of greenhouse gases and reduce them. It is estimated that burning of 1 Kg coal can give about 2.42Kg of carbon dioxide.
Combustion of coal releases more carbon dioxide than burning petroleum products or natural gas in the whole worldwide. Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas contributing to the global warming. Coal is considered to be having the highest carbon footprints out of all the energy sources.
Therefore, coal combustion gives out the highest carbon footprint giving the highest carbon dioxide worldwide.
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4. What is the frequency of light with a wavelength of 1.87 x 10-14 m?
a. Known values:
b. Equation:
c. Work:
d. Answer:
The frequency of light with a wavelength of 1.87 x 10-14 m = 1.657*10^-22 Hz
What is frequency of light ?
The frequency is the number of waves that go through a given place in space in a given amount of time, typically one second. It is measured in hertz, which stands for cycles (waves) per second. Color is the frequency of visible light, which spans from 430 trillion hertz for red to 750 trillion hertz for violet.
We must determine the frequency given the wavelength. Where, is the sign for frequency, c is the symbol for the speed of light, and is the symbol for wavelength, the equation that links frequency and wavelength is:
The wavelength is 1.87 x 10-14 m and the speed of light is 3*10^8 m/s
To compute the frequency, let's enter the values in the equation and run the calculations:
f = c/wavelength
f = 3*10^8/ 1.87*10^-14 = 1.657*10^-22 Hz
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a mixture of gases contains 4.97 g of n2, 8.08 g of h2, and 4.22 g of nh3. if the total pressure of the mixture is 3.97 atm, what is the partial pressure of each component?
The partial pressure of N₂ = 0.158 atm
The partial pressure of H₂ = 3.6 atm
The partial pressure of NH₃ = 0.22 atm
Mass of N2₂ = 4.97 g
Molar mass of N₂ = 28 g/mol
Mass of H₂ = 8.80 g
Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol
Mass of NH₃ = 4.2 g
Molar mass of NH₃ = 17 g/mol
Total pressure (Pt) = 3.97 atm
Partial pressure of N₂ = ?
Partial pressure of H₂ = ?
Partial pressure of NH₃ = ?
First, we will find out the number of moles of each component
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
Number of moles of N₂ = 4.97 g / 28 g/mol
Number of moles of N₂ = 0.1775 mol
Number of moles of H₂ = 8.08 g / 2 g/mol
Number of moles of H₂ = 4.04 mol
Number of moles of NH₃ = 4.22 g / 17 g/mol
Number of moles of NH₃ = 0.2482 mol
Total number of moles = 0.1775 mol + 4.04 mol + 0.2482 mol
Total number of moles = 4.4657 mol
Now find out the partial pressure for each component
partial pressure = number of moles of each / total number of moles × total pressure
partial pressure of N₂ = (0.1775 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of N₂ = (0.0397 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of N₂ = 0.158 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = (4.04 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = (0.9047 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of H₂ = 3.6 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = (0.2482 mol / 4.4657 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = (0.0556 mol) 3.97 atm
partial pressure of NH₃ = 0.22 atm
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Ionic bonds have all of the following properties, except ___.
soluable (ability to dissolve) in water
strong crystalline solids
generally white in color
when dissolved are electrically conductive
Solution X has a pH of 8, and Solution Y has a pH of 3.
Which option describes Solution X and Solution Y?
Responses
Solution X and Solution Y are both bases.
Solution X and Solution Y are both bases.
Solution X is an acid, and Solution Y is a base.
Solution X is an acid, and Solution Y is a base.
Solution X and Solution Y are both acids.
Solution X and Solution Y are both acids.
Solution X is a base, and Solution Y is an acid.
Answer:
Solution X is a base, and solution Y is an acid
Explanation:
PH for acidic is 1 to 6
PH for neutral is 7
PH for alkaline is 8 to 14
ammonium perchlorate nh4clo4 is the solid rocket fuel that was used by the u.s. space shuttle and is used in the space launch system (sls) of the artemis rocket. it reacts with itself to produce nitrogen gas n2, chlorine gas cl2, oxygen gas o2, water h2o, and a great deal of energy. what mass of oxygen gas is produced by the reaction of 6.54g of ammonium perchlorate? round your answer to 3 significant digits.
The amount of oxygen produced by the reaction of 6.54g of ammonium perchlorate is 2.228g.
The chemical reaction for this will be:
4NH4ClO4 → 5O2 + 6H2O + 2N2 + 4HCl
We know:
'6.54' grams is mass of ammonium perchlorate and '117.49' g/mol is molar mass of ammonium perchlorate
Now, we can calculate moles by:
Moles NH4ClO4 = mass NH4ClO4 / molar mass NH4ClO4
Moles NH4ClO4 = 6.54 grams / 117.49 g/mol
this give 0.0557 moles of NH4ClO4
After this we will calculate the moles of O2 produced similarly:
For 4 moles of ammonium perchlorate consumed, 5 moles of O2 is produced, in addition to 6 moles of H2O, 2 moles of N2 and 4 moles of HCl.
For 0.0696 moles NH4ClO4; we get 5/4 * 0.0557 = 0.0696 moles of O2
And Finally we can calculate the mass of oxygen produced:
Mass of oxygen = moles of O2 * molar mass of O2
Mass of oxygen = 0.0696 moles * 32 g/mol
Mass of oxygen = 2.228 grams
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does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and copper(ii) sulfate are combined?
Yes, the reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and copper(ii) sulfate happens when they are combined giving products by a reaction called double displacement reaction.
What is double displacement reaction?
Double displacement reaction is also called as double displacement exchange. This happens when some parts of 2 ionic compounds which are reacting are exchanged between them, making 2 new compounds. The positive and negative ions swap their places between the reactants in this reaction.
The reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and copper(ii) sulfate give 2 products that is copper nitrate and potassium sulfate. This reaction is known as double displacement reaction.
Balanced chemical equation:
2KNO3 + CuSO4 ----> Cu(NO3)2 + K2SO4
Therefore, the reaction between aqueous solutions of potassium nitrate and copper(ii) sulfate is possible and it gives products like copper nitrate and potassium sulfate making it a double displacement reaction.
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1 ) Is this system at equilibrium?
2) As the system moves towards equilibrium (from reactants to products), what happens to the concentration of B and the concentration of A?
1. The answer to the statement above" Is this system at equilibrium " is yes as the reaction rate for both forward and reverse reaction are all equal.
2. From the above given task, as the equilibrium system moves from the reactants to the products, the concentration of the reactants and products are absolutely constant at equilibrium.Why the reaction system above is at equilibrium?It follows that from the reactions above, the concentration of A above is 1.5M and that of B is also 1.5, the resultant concentration is still 1.5M. This implies that the concentration of the A and B are constant throughout in the equilibrium reaction.
The major reason why the concentrations of B and that of A are the same is simply because both the forward and backward reactions are the same in all areas.
The major significance of equilibrium reactions is that it helps us to understand the direction of chemical reaction
So therefore, we can now confirm from the explanation above that a system is said to be at equilibrium when there is no change in the amounts or concentration of the reactants and products.
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How many equivalence points will a titration between sodium hydroxide and acetic acid have?.
A titration between sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) will have two equivalence points. The first equivalence point will be when the acid is completely neutralized, and the second will be when the base is completely neutralized.
The first equivalence point occurs when the moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is equal to the moles of acetic acid(CH₃COOH). In the titration sodium hydroxide has neutralized all of the acetic acid. The second equivalence point occurs when the moles of sodium hydroxide is equal to the moles of water. The reason for two equivalence points is that acetic acid is a weak acid and water is a strong base.
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Neon has eight valence electrons in its outer shell. This means it does not easily react with other elements, as it has a full octet. Which other element behaves similarly?
Answer:
Any of the noble gasses, eg xenon.
Explanation:
All noble gasses have full outer shells of electrons which means they are very unreactive.
how would the experimental molecular weight be affected if a few drops of the titrant were stuck on the inside wall of the flask during the titration and not rinsed into the solution?
Drops of the titrant will adhere to the burette's walls, thus additional solution must be diluted into the analyte to make up for this. This will result in a higher volume reading (denominator), which will lower the molarity calculation.
What do you mean by titration?The titrant is a solution with a known concentration that is added to another solution in analytical chemistry to measure the concentration of a different chemical species. The standard solution, reagent, or titrant are other names for the titrant.
In contrast, the species of interest during a titration is the analyte, or titrand. The analyte concentration can be ascertained when it reacts with a titrant that has a known volume and concentration.
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suppose that 0.250 mol of methane, ch4(g) , is reacted with 0.400 mol of fluorine, f2(g) , forming cf4(g) and hf(g) as sole products. assuming that the reaction occurs at constant pressure, how much heat is released?
The heat released after the reaction is -184.79 kJ
The chemical reaction between methane and fluorine is
[tex] CH_{4}[/tex] + 4[tex] F_{2}[/tex] -> [tex] CF_{4}[/tex] + 4HF, where reactants are methane and fluorine. The products are carbon tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride.
The limiting reactant is hydrogen fluoride. Number of moles = (0.440 × 4)/4, here 4 is the number of moles of hydrogen fluoride and fluorine
Performing multiplication and division
Number of moles = 0.440 moles of HF
Enthalpy of reaction = -1679.54 kJ
Heat released = (0.440 × -1679.54)/4
Performing multiplication and division to find the heat released
Heat released = -184.749 kJ
Thus, the heat released is -184.79 kJ
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a given molecule has six electrons in bonding orbitals and two anti-bonding orbitals. what is the bond order for the molecule?
Two anti-bonding orbitals and six electrons in bonding orbitals make up the bond order of the given molecule, which is 2. In the orbital theory, the bonding orbital is used to describe interactions.
The formula for determining bond order is given below. 1/2 (electrons in bonding molecular orbitals - electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals) (electrons in bonding molecular orbitals - electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals) Bond length and strength are revealed by bond order. A shorter bond length is typically correlated with higher bond order. The fact that there are more bonds between the atoms explains this.
Half of the difference between the number of bonding and antibonding electrons is another definition of bond order in molecular orbital theory.
Bond order is 1/2. (electrons in bonding orbitals - electrons in anti-bonding orbitals.)
Bond order is 1/2. (6-2)
bond order is two.
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the chemical formula for beryllium oxide is . a chemist measured the amount of beryllium oxide produced during an experiment. she finds that of beryllium oxide is produced. calculate the number of moles of beryllium oxide produced. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
The number of moles of beryllium oxide BeO are 2.228 moles.
The chemical formula for beryllium oxide is given to be BeO.
The mass of the amount of beryllium oxide formed is 555.7 grams.
we are asked to find the number of moles,
The moles are given by the mass of the substance divided by the molar mass of the substance.
Mass = Mass formed/molar mass
Mass of BeO formed = 55.7 grams.
Molar mass of BeO = 25g/mol.
Putting values,
Moles of BeO = 55.7/25
Moles of BeO = 2.228 moles.
So, the number of moles of beryllium oxide formed are 2.228 moles.
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Complete question - the chemical formula for beryllium oxide is BeO. A chemist measured the amount of beryllium oxide produced during an experiment. she finds that 55.7 grams of beryllium oxide is produced. calculate the number of moles of beryllium oxide produced. be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.
the heat of vaporization of gold is over 4 times greater than that of the heat of fusion of gold. this means that it is easier to
according to the above assertion, melting gold is simpler than boiling it.
What are condensation and vaporization?Evaporation is the transformation of a liquid into its vapor when it occurs below the liquid's boiling point. The transition from a liquid into a gas is known as condensation. The rate of evaporating increases as the temperature rises.
Is vaporizing water boiling a vaporization?The process through which a solution boils and transforms into a gas is known as vaporization. Although evaporation doesn't involve boiling, vaporization is frequently confused with evaporation. The boiling point of a liquid is the heat at which it begins to turn into a gas. Pure water reaches its boiling point at 100°C.
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How much energy, in joules per mole (J/mol), does a photon in the microwave region of the EM spectrum, contain?
The photons have been calculated to contain about 4.97 * 10^-47 J/mol of energy.
What is the energy?We know that a photon is a unit of light. Better put, we can see the photon as a bundle of light and we are able to obtain the energy of that bundle of light as we can see.
Given that;
E = hf
E = energy of the photon
h = Plank's constant
f = frequency of the photon
Then
E = 6.6 * 10^-34 Js * 4.53 x 10^10 s-1
E = 2.99 * 10^-23 J
A mole would have to contain about 6.02 * 10^23 molecules so;
Energy per mole = 2.99 * 10^-23/6.02 * 10^23
= 4.97 * 10^-47 J/mol
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Missing parts;
How much energy, in joules per mole (J/mol), does a photon in the microwave region of the EM
spectrum, contain? Assume the microwave has a frequency of 4.53 x 1010 s-1. Your answer should
have 3 significant figures.
From XNH,(g) + YO₂ g → ZNO(g), + QH₂O (g) the value of Z is
please guys...I need help asap....
Answer:
4
Explanation:
which process requires more energy, melting 380 g of ice or vaporizing 43.0 g of water? the heat of fusion of water is 79.7 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g. vaporizing 43.0 g of water. melting 380 g of ice.
To vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given as a input for the heat of fusion of water is 79.7 cal/g and the heat of vaporization is 540 cal/g.
The necessary thermal/heat energy input is:
Q ( heat) = (mass of water)(heat of phase transition)
Given: Heat of fusion is 79.72 cal/g
So, heat needed to be supplied to melt solid ( ice) to water is +79.72 cal/g
Similarly, to freeze water to ice ( reverse of fusion), the same heat must be released, that is, heat of freezing = ( - 79.72) cal/g
Heat of vaporisation is 540 cal/g
So, 540 cal/g of heat must be supplied to vaporise water.
And heat change when steam condenses is – 540 cal/g ( - sign implies heat is released).
The question asks for input of energy. So, the corresponding heat change must be positive. Thus, the possible processes are melting and vaporizing.
To vaporize 43.0 g of water, total heat needed to be supplied = (43.0 g )(540 cal/g) = 23220 cal
To melt 380 g of ice: (380 g)(79.72 cal/g) = 30096 cal
So, to vaporize 43.0 g of water, more heat needs to be given
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what volume of a 0.158 m potassium hydroxide solution is required to neutralize 27.5 ml of a 0.361 m nitric acid solution?
Volume of a 0.158 m potassium hydroxide solution is required to neutralize 27.5 ml of a 0.361 m nitric acid solution is 0.0159 ml
Volume is the measure of the capacity that an object hold
Here given data is
0.158 m potassium hydroxide solution is required to neutralize 27.5 ml of a 0.361 m nitric acid solution
And the balanced equation is
HNO₃ + KOH → KNO₃ + H₂O
And from the given equation
Mole ratio of acid HNO₃ i.e (nA) = 1
Mole ratio of base KOH i.e (nB) =1
And the molarity of HNO₃ i.e (Ma) = 0.361 m
Volume of base of KOH i.e (Vb) = ?
Molarity of base KOH i.e (Mb) = 0.158 M
Volume of acid HNO₃ i.e (Va) = 27.5 ml
Then MaVa/MbVb
27.5 ml × 0.361 m /0.158 M × Vb = 1/1
9.9275 = 0.158 M × Vb
Vb = 0.158 M/9.9275
Vb = 0.0159 ml
Therefore,0.0159 ml of potassium hydroxide solution is required for the reaction
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